Land Ownership Research Articles

Tackling local environmental challenges with livelihoods strategies: insights from small-scale farmers in the vulnerable region of Ghana

ABSTRACT Climate risks pose significant challenges to farmers' livelihoods, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where the complex interplay of factors intensifies the impact on small-scale farmers (SSFs). While there is a broad understanding of climate change's effects on agriculture, there is a need for deeper insights into the key determinants and preferences influencing SSFs' adaptation strategies in vulnerable regions to better inform agricultural policy and planning. Data were collected from 325 SSF randomly selected in Juaben Municipality, Ghana. Quantitative analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative data were analyzed through content analysis. The study identified shifting planting dates, altering farm operation timings and mulching as primary adaptation strategies. Significant associations were found between socio-economic factors and the adaptation strategies employed by SSFs, with the Relative Importance Index highlighting affordable tools, land ownership and access to fertile land as crucial for enhancing livelihoods and adaptation. The findings underscore the need for training programmes to equip extension officers with the knowledge to support SSFs in developing skills and efforts related to adaptation and viable livelihood options.

IDENTIFIKASI PERSENTASE UPAH HASIL MAKELAR DARI PENJUAL DAN PEMBELI SEBIDANG TANAH

A broker is defined as an intermediary between bothparties, sellers and buyers who mutually pledge or enter into a contract to offer any goods/objects, including a plot of land. The size of the income earned by the broker depends on his efforts and good work. If the broker can sell land with good work, then the broker's income will also be large. However, sometimes the price agreed upon by the broker and the buyer does not provide the right information to the land owner at the broker's request. In this research, the author uses qualitative research methods by identifying, describing and analyzing the distribution of brokers' profits in a sale and purchase transaction of a plot of land. As an intermediary between sellers and buyers of land, accepting and servicing every job in order to use their services as an intermediary, apart from that, a broker sometimes has the task of checking the validity of the certificate itself. In this case, a broker plays a very important role in selecting potential buyers.

ENCODING RESTRICTIONS AS AN OBJECT OF CADASTRAL SYSTEMS IN UKRAINE

Transparency and uniformity of registration of land use restrictions are interdependent and complementary aspects critical for ensuring effective management of land resources. The interaction of transparency and uniformity creates conditions for accessibility, comprehensibility, and better perception of data. The study analyses land use restrictions identification during their registration in the State Land and Urban Planning Cadastres to determine the uniformity of the registration. The analysis mainly focuses on the main attributes of the land use restrictions, such as code and name. Based on the research results, we established that the classification of land use restrictions for registration in various state cadastral systems, particularly State Land and Urban Planning Cadastres, is mostly not identical and requires coordination. There is an unjustified duplication of some land use restrictions and ambiguity in assigning them to specific categories. A particular problem is coding land use restrictions as registration objects without considering the hierarchical spatial organisation of restriction zones and the principle of logical construction. There is also an inexplicable duplication of some categories of land use restrictions, as in: the protected archaeological territory (codes 06.06.3 and 16.04), the historic and cultural protected territory (codes 06.06.5 and 16.03), the historical and cultural reserve (codes 06.06.4 and 16.02), the historical area of ​​the inhabited place (codes 06.06.2 and 16.07). In addition, there are minor differences in the names. It is worth noting that correctly identifying land use restrictions is essential for developing local urban planning documents due to the requirements of integrating information from various sources and updating them regularly. Transparency and uniformity of registration of land use restrictions in the State Land Cadastre and Urban Planning Cadastre are the main factors contributing to the effective management of land resources, ensuring legal certainty, attracting investments, and protecting the rights of land owners. They also contribute to reducing corruption, increasing trust in public authorities, and protecting the environment. Keywords: restrictions, code, state land cadastre, urban planning cadastre.

THE LEGAL STATUS OF UNCERTIFIED LAND IN INDONESIA: CHALLENGES AND PATHWAYS TO OWNERSHIP CERTIFICATION UNDER AGRARIAN LAW

Every individual has the right to private property, and these rights cannot be taken arbitrarily. Before the enactment of the Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA) in Indonesia, a dualism in agrarian regulations existed, leading to various forms of land tenure. One such form is "girik," a document associated with generational land ownership, often without an official land certificate. Girik land is typically inherited and lacks formal certification, creating potential legal complications. This research employs normative juridical methods, focusing on secondary data to examine the legal status of girik as land ownership evidence under Indonesian agrarian law. The study addresses two key questions: (1) What is the legal standing of girik as proof of land ownership under Indonesian agrarian law? and (2) How can the status of girik land be converted into a formal certificate of ownership? Findings reveal that the UUPA does not recognize girik as valid proof of ownership, as confirmed by Supreme Court Decision No. 34/K/Sip/1960. The research underscores the importance of formalizing girik land to prevent future legal disputes.

Insidious Dispossession and Defence of Land Ownership – Tsolo Farms, 1880–1917

ABSTRACT After the Mpondomise Rebellion of 1880–1881 in the Tsolo district in the Transkei, a number of black citizens were rewarded with grants of farms for their loyalty to local Cape officials. Within a generation, half of these farms were lost by the grantees and their descendants. This was because of indebtedness and manipulation by a magistrate and by an attorney who was a member of the main local trading family. This occurred at a time when black franchise rights in the Cape were under attack and economic and professional opportunities for the emerging black propertied class were being eliminated. Dispossession and the wider onslaught on black advancement determined defensive attitudes involving land segregation and led to bitter controversy.

Pemikiran Taqiyuddin An-Nabhani dan Yusuf Al-Qaradhawi Tentang Sewa Menyewa Lahan Pertanian Relevansi Masyarakat Petani di Indonesia

After in-depth study, it can be concluded that Taqiyuddin an-Nabhani put forward several regulations regarding the rental of agricultural land. It requires every agricultural land owner to manage the land optimally and prohibits renting out agricultural land for rent in the form of food or produce from the land. Apart from that, he also prohibits renting out land for a third or a quarter of the proceeds. On the other hand, Yusuf al-Qaradawi also has a similar view. According to him, every land owner should manage his own land. He prohibits renting out land for money, dirhams or dinars, both in the long and short term. In terms of differences between the two opinions, the aspect of renting agricultural land lies in the muzara'ah contract. Taqiyuddin an-Nabhani is legally prohibited from renting agricultural land with a muzara'ah agreement. Meanwhile, Yusuf al-Qaradawi rented agricultural land with a muzara'ah agreement, which was permitted with the encouragement of ta'awun. These two figures have their own special features in exploring these thoughts. The hadith used by each figure has strengths and weaknesses. Taqiyuddin an-Nabhani is based on the istinban method carried out by Taqiyuddin an-Nabhani using the arguments of the Al-Qur'an, As-Sunnah, ijma friends and Qiyas as one of his ijtihad methods. On the other hand, Yusuf al-Qaradawi also used hadith, but he also used qiyas as his method. It can be concluded that these two scholars expressed their opinions in the context of leasing agricultural land which is relevant for farming communities in Indonesia. It is hoped that the implementation of this law can create justice in the rental system, avoid chaos, and pay attention to the benefit of the Indonesian people from a political perspective. However, from the perspective of other scholars, they actually allow rental transactions for agricultural land based on the quality of the strength of this argument.

Livelihood Access and Challenges in Mining Resettlement Communities: Insight from Ghana

The study acknowledges that though mining has contributed to the development of many economies globally, it comes with unanticipated challenges especially on the people who are directly affected by the mining activities. The study aims to understand the implications of such challenges faced in mining resettled communities and the versatile practices followed to stay in the mist of such livelihood challenges in mining resettlement communities. The study also focuses on the copying strategies adapted to cope with these challenges in mining resettlement communities. Qualitative approach was done to capture the rich essence of the subject matter. The study used focus groups and in-depth interviews as techniques and interviewed members from different households of the mining resettlements communities (Salman, Teleku-Bokazo and Nkroful) including land owners, opinion leaders, chiefs and from the institutional perspectives. As a result, it was found out that the livelihood challenges that clearly manifested itself was in the area of income, employment and morbidity issues. The evidence was shown that in all the challenges, copying measures are in place to enable the people live in their new settlements, but not adequate.

Pendaftaran Tanah Sistematis Lengkap Tanah tanpa Sertifikat sebagai Upaya untuk Mempercepat Reforma Agraria di Wilayah Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Tapin

To achieve nationwide land registration in Indonesia, despite regulatory support, systematic challenges persist in expediting the process known as Complete Systematic Land Registration (PTSL). These hurdles may impede the fulfillment of the mandate outlined in Article 19(1) of Law No. 5 of 1960. The research conducted is of a normative legal nature, focusing on legal norms, aligning with Peter Mahmud Marzuki's definition of legal research as inherently normative. The findings on Complete Systematic Land Registration in the Tapin Regency Land Office Area indicate that unregistered land owners face uncertainty and lack legal protection until their land is officially registered. Although Indonesia's land registration publication system allows for objections or lawsuits, legal certainty and protection are only guaranteed post-registration. The government aims to enhance certainty and protection through the PTSL program, emphasizing the importance of land certificates. However, despite serving as legal evidence of ownership, these certificates are not absolute in legal proceedings and can be subject to civil, criminal, or administrative challenges due to Indonesia's adversarial land registration system.

Erosion of Rivers and their Impact on Land Ownership of Vernacular Settlements: Insights from Two Settlements Near the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in Iraq

It is usual for human settlements to rise along the river banks because rivers provide water: the major source of sustenance of communities. However, riverbank erosion along rivers has huge implication for these settlements that border them. The Tigris and Euphrates rivers in Iraq causes land loss that impacts adjacent properties and land ownership rights. This study examines such erosion and land submersion in two locations in Iraq: along the Euphrates in Ramadi and the Tigris in Baiji. The research employs historical maps and multi-temporal satellite data from 1968-2022. The GIS analysis quantified erosion areas and compared changes to cadastral records to determine direct impacts to property boundaries and land rights. The results identified significant conversion of privately held waterfront land into nonusable flooded river channels, amounting to billions in loss of value. Owners forfeited all functional land access without current provisions for relocations or erosion mitigation planning. The research concludes that intensifying hydrologic shifts could exponentially increase economic disruption for vulnerable property holders without integrated monitoring tools and policy responses to the dynamic river morphologies.

WILLINGNESS TO ADOPT INDEX BASED CATTLE INSURANCE IN THE FACE OF CLIMATE CHANGE: EVIDENCE FROM SMALLHOLDER CATTLE FARMERS IN THE POLOKWANE LOCAL MUNICIPALITY, SOUTH AFRICA

This paper analysed the determinants of smallholder cattle farmers’ willingness to adopt Index-Based Cattle Insurance (IBCI) being climate change adaptive strategy in the Polokwane Municipality of South Africa. A multi-stage purposive sampling procedure was employed to collect primary data using structured questionnaires from 110 smallholder cattle farmers. The results revealed that about 89% of the sampled farmers were willing to adopt IBCI, while about 11% weren’t willing to adopt IBCI. The Probit regression model results revealed that marital status, farming experience, access to extension services, off-farm income and land ownership had a positive and significant influence on the willingness to adopt IBCI. However, educational level, household size, experience of cattle loss and farm size significantly influenced willingness to adopt IBCI negatively. Therefore, this study recommends workshops for raising IBCI awareness, government subsidy on insurance premiums and finally, improved market access and extension services for smallholder cattle farmers for sustainable livelihoods.

The Position of Land Ownership Certificates in Settlement of Inheritance Disputes

Land is one of the basic human needs. This article is motivated by the lack of legal certainty regarding land ownership. Many land disputes continue to arise due to inappropriate locations or boundaries, such as duplicate certificates. A certificate of ownership is a copy of the land register and its dimensions, if accompanied by a cover paper, the form of which is determined by ministerial regulations. The aim of this research is to understand certificates as proof of rights and title to land. The method used in this research uses a normative method, by analyzing existing legislation and literature. Based on the large number of cases related to land, it can be concluded that ownership of a land certificate is an important basic proof of land ownership. Ownership rights to land remain with the owner as long as the owner does not release or surrender his rights

A regional One Health approach to the risk of invasion by Anopheles stephensi in Mauritius.

Anopheles stephensi is an invasive malaria vector in Africa that threatens to put an additional 126 million people at risk of malaria if it continues to spread. The island nation of Mauritius is highly connected to Asia and Africa and is at risk of introduction due to this connectivity. For early detection of An. stephensi, the Vector Biology and Control Division under the Ministry of Health in Mauritius, leveraged a well-established Aedes program, as An. stephensi is known to share Aedes habitats. These efforts triggered multisectoral coordination and cascading benefits of integrated vector and One Health approaches. Beginning June 2021, entomological surveys were conducted at points of entry (seaport, airport) and on ships transporting livestock in collaboration with the Civil Aviation Department, the Mauritian Port Authority and National Veterinary Services. A total of 18, 39, 723 mosquito larval surveys were respectively conducted in the airport, seaport, and other localities in Mauritius while two, 20, and 26 adult mosquito surveys were respectively conducted in the airport, seaport, and twenty-six animal assembly points. Alongside adult mosquito surveys, surveillance of vectors of veterinary importance (e.g.- Culicoides spp.) was also carried out in collaboration with National Parks and Conservation Service and land owners. A total of 8,428 adult mosquitoes were collected and 1,844 larval habitats were positive for mosquitoes. All collected mosquitoes were morphologically identified and 151 Anopheles and 339 Aedes mosquitoes were also molecularly characterized. Mosquito species detected were Aedes albopictus, Anopheles arabiensis, An. coustani, An. merus, Culex quinquefasciatus, Cx. thalassius and Lutzia tigripes. Anopheles stephensi was not detected. The One Health approach was shared with the French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development (CIRAD), strengthening collaboration between Mauritius and Réunion Island on vector surveillance at entry points and insecticide resistance monitoring. The Indian Ocean Commission (IOC) was also alerted to the risk of An. stephensi, leading to regional efforts supporting trainings and development of a response strategy to An. stephensi bringing together stakeholders from Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, Réunion Island and Seychelles. Mauritius is a model system showing how existing public health entomology capabilities can be used to enhance vector surveillance and control and create multisectoral networks to respond to any emerging public and veterinary health vector-borne disease threat.

IMPLEMENTASI AKAD MUKHABARAH PADA PERTANIAN PADI

This research aims to determine the implementation of mukhabarah contracts in lowland rice farming businesses in Sokogrenjeng Village, using qualitative methods with a field research approach. The subjects are land owners and cultivators in Sokogrenjeng Village, and the object is the practice of mukhabarah for agricultural products among the farming community of Sokogrenjeng Village. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this research provide an overview of the background to mukhabarah cooperation between land owners and sharecroppers in Sokogrenjeng Village, highlighting the existence of cooperation between parties who do not have their own agricultural land and parties who do not have the ability and time to manage their land. The practice of mukhabarah in rice farming in Sokogrenjeng Village involves land owners handing over their land to sharecroppers, who then manage the land. After harvest, both parties have the right to receive the harvest from the rice fields according to the agreement made in the implementation of daily profit sharing using the mukhabarah system in Sokogrenjeng Village

Adapting rural communities to climate change: The undervalued potential of agricultural land

Rural municipalities in the Czech Republic (central Europe) are important owners of agricultural land, which, if managed appropriately, can be a means of reducing the local impacts of climate change. Previous research has not paid enough attention to rural municipal approaches to farmland management and their role in addressing local climate impacts. The aim of this paper is thus to capture the possible approaches and roles of municipalities in reducing the local impacts of climate change and to show how municipalities, as significant landowners, respond to these impacts. The research is based on semistructured interviews with representatives of rural municipalities and these results are further triangulated through focus groups with farmers in three model areas with different climatic and natural conditions for agriculture. The results showed that rural community leaders are generally unwilling to farm their agricultural land. They mostly lease land to farmers but at the same time do not understand the potential of tenancy agreements to influence farming to mitigate the impacts of climate change locally. Although the communities do not have a systematic and strategic approach to climate adaptation measures, the findings showed the implementation of a range of activities that effectively respond to climate change. Finally, the potential for strengthening governance and consequently rural sustainability lies in systematic counselling to leaders and communities and institutional support.

ANALISIS KELAYAKAN FINANSIALUSAHA TANI KOPI ARABIKA DI DESA MASOSO KECAMATAN BAMBANG KABUPATEN MAMASA

This study aims to determine the Financial Feasibility of Arabica Coffee Farming Business in Masoso Village, Bambang District, Mamasa Regency. This research is an analysis of financial feasibility as a single variable. The source of data in this study is data collected through interviews and documentation studies. Based on the type of data needed, in this study, the participants were coffee farmers in Masoso Village. Data collection was carried out using documentation and interview techniques. Data analysis is carried out by quantative descriptive analysis. The data analysis used is Usaahatani Cost (fixed costs and variable costs), and calculates the total production and income of farmers. Then calculate the difference between revenue and cost, then a financial feasibility analysis is carried out to find out whether the farming business is feasible or not, namely B/C ratio, R/C ratio and L/R. The results of this study show that the characteristics of coffee farmers such as gender (male and female), age of coffee farmers are said to be productive, education level of formal and non-formal coffee farmers, the number of dependents of family members is at most 1 person, the land area of arabica coffee farmers is at most 9 people with an area of 0.5-1 Ha and for the status of coffee land ownership, which is their own. The results of the financial feasibility of arabica coffee farming R/C Ratio of 4,03, B/C of 3,03 can be said to be feasible, the resulting production profit of Rp 5.204.034 is said to be feasible, because it makes a profit

Implementation of Dispute Resolution Through Mediation in Civil Cases of Land Ownership Disputes Based on Supreme Court Regulation Number 1 of 2016 concerning Mediation

Implementation of Dispute Resolution Through Mediation in Civil Cases of Land Ownership Disputes Based on Supreme Court Regulation Number 1 of 2016 concerning Mediation

The Impact of the Implementation of Complete Systematic Land Registration on Legal Certainty in the Registration of Land Ownership Rights in Indonesia

The establishment of legal certainty is one of the goals of land registration. Both Article 19 of the UUPA and Article 3 of Government Regulation No. 24 of 1997 on Land Registration support this. Both methodical and haphazard land registration may lead to legal certainty in the form of certificates. Initiated in 2016, the Complete Systematic Land Registration Program is still running. The Impact of Complete Systematic Land Registration Implementation on Legal Certainty in the Registration of Property Rights in Indonesia is the title of this study. The purpose of this study is to look at how Complete Systematic Land Registration could affect Indonesia's property rights registration system's legal certainty. Normative legal research employing secondary data is what this work does. According to a 2024 study, the National Land Agency, the government, saw both good and negative effects from the implementation of Complete Systematic Land Registration, in addition to benefits for participating landowners.

Forging Pathways to Equity: The Nexus between Land Redistribution, Health, and Healthcare Access

This article explores the nexus between land redistribution policies and healthcare accessibility to mitigate social and economic disparities arising from inequitable land distribution. Historically, concentrated land ownership has marginalised rural communities, limiting their access to healthcare services. Land reform initiatives focusing on redistribution and secure tenure have the potential to empower marginalised groups economically and enhance their health outcomes through improved access to healthcare facilities. The study fills Gaps in existing research by investigating the interconnectedness of land tenure security, health outcomes and healthcare access, drawing insights from global contexts, including successful cases in Denmark, New Zealand, and South Korea, alongside challenges in Russia, India, and South Africa. Through a comprehensive literature review and analysis of data from the Global Health Security Index, the study highlights the critical role of equitable land distribution in fostering health equity and sustainable development. Findings suggest that countries with inclusive land policies demonstrate improved public health indicators, highlighting the importance of integrating land reform into broader health and development agendas. In conclusion, land redistribution holds promise for enhancing healthcare access and achieving health equity. Ultimately, this research advocates for strategic interventions that prioritise fair land distribution as a cornerstone for achieving universal health coverage and addressing persistent health disparities worldwide.

Community-Based Resilience Analysis (CoBRA) to Hazard Disruption: Case Study of a Peri-Urban Agricultural Community in Thailand

The expansion of cities and land use changes have led to the emergence of peri-urban areas representing a transition between fully urbanized and agricultural regions in Southeast Asia. Peri-urban communities provide essential ecosystem services but are vulnerable to climate-related disruptions and socioeconomic challenges. Utilizing their unique characteristics, peri-urban communities can contribute to sustainable development and resilience. This study assesses the potential of peri-urban areas to meet future challenges for sustainable development in a changing world, focusing on the local pandan farming community of Pathum Thani, approximately 53 km north of Bangkok, using the Community-Based Resilience Analysis (CoBRA) approach. A formally established group of peri-urban farming households identified COVID-19, water quality, and solid waste as their primary disruptive challenges. The community identified economic stability and resources (land ownership, financial security, and government support), community and social support (collaborative community, and healthcare facilities), an environmental dimension (sufficient food and clean water), and an information dimension (news and knowledge update) as key community resilience characteristics, which highlight their comprehensive approach to hazard resilience. The study concludes that the community was moderately resilient to hazards and COVID-19 was the primary disrupting event over the past 10 years. To address future challenges in peri-urban agriculture, it is suggested to focus on enhancing economic diversification, strengthening social networks and support systems, implementing sustainable land management practices, and promoting access to timely and accurate information. Additionally, investing in infrastructure for water management and waste recycling, supporting small-scale farming initiatives, and fostering collaboration between farmers and local authorities can contribute to building resilience in peri-urban agricultural communities.

Transforming Agricultural Land into Residential Areas: A Socio-Economic Study in Tamiang Subdistrict, Mandailing Natal Regency

The conversion of agricultural land into residential areas has become increasingly prevalent due to rapid population growth and the rising demand for housing development. This process presents various challenges, particularly for communities that rely on agriculture as their primary source of livelihood. This study aims to examine the socio-economic impacts of agricultural land conversion into residential areas in Tamiang Village, Kotanopan Subdistrict, Mandailing Natal Regency, North Sumatra Province. Using a qualitative method with data collected through observation, interviews, and literature review, the study found that land conversion in Tamiang Village has reduced the amount of agricultural land, altered land ownership patterns, and shifted livelihoods from agriculture to non-agricultural sectors. Factors such as population growth, economic motivations, inheritance considerations, and the strategic location of the land are the main drivers of this conversion. The findings of this study provide insights into the socio-economic dynamics in rural areas and offer considerations for formulating policies that balance residential development with agricultural sustainability.