State-owned Land Research Articles

Technical efficiency and its determinants: Paddy farming in Mahakanumulla cascade system

Paddy farming is predominantly practiced in the dry zone of Sri Lanka. Most paddy lands in the dry zone belong to traditional hydrological cascade systems known as Village Tank Cascade Systems (VTCS) and paddy lands receive irrigation water from the tanks in VTCS. Land is a scarce resource for agriculture in Sri Lanka. Therefore, it is important to achieve high efficiency in paddy farming to increase paddy production in the country. A paddy farm is technically efficient if it is producing the maximum output using the minimum quantities of inputs, such as labour, capital, and technology. This study examines technical efficiency of paddy farmers in Mahakanumulla VTCS and its determinants. The technical efficiency of the farmers is estimated using parametric frontier technique; the Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA). In the first stage of the analysis a production function is estimated using the Maximum Likelihood Estimator. In the second stage, an inefficacy model is estimated with plot size, age, experience, household size, full time farming, and land ownership status as determinants of technical inefficiency. According to the results, the average technical efficiency of paddy farmers in Mahakanumulla VTCS is 92.3%. Only the plot size, experience, and household size are positively related to technical inefficiency and significant at 10%. According to the study findings, the technical efficiency of paddy farmers in Mahakanumulla VTCS does not vary significantly from the most efficient farmer in the area. This could be due to the fact that in the VTCS, farmers are operating under more homogenous conditions. However, it does not indicate that paddy farmers in Mahakanumulla VTCS are highly productive as results only reveal the technical efficiency level of paddy farmers in comparison to the most efficient paddy farmer in the area. Therefore, it is important that productivity improvements are continuously carried out.

Land tenure security and farm efficiency in Indian agriculture: Revisiting an old debate

This paper examines the Marshallian inefficiency hypothesis of share tenancy system in agriculture of Odisha, Eastern India. It examines the hypothesis from a different perspective where it is argued that a secured land tenure system enhances farm efficiency even though it is sharecropping. We develop three hypotheses within the profit maximization framework and use the efficiency scores of paddy growers computed from the data envelop analysis (DEA) to verify them empirically. The ‘latent variable regression model’ results reveal that a secured land ownership status significantly augments farm efficiency. But the nature of tenancy contract (sharecropping and fixed-rent tenancy) makes no difference in farm efficiency. The policy implication of the study calls for tenancy reform in Odisha agriculture to make the tenancy a more secure one. Currently, the government of Odisha has banned the share tenancy. But a vast concealed tenancy comprising of marginal farmers and landless cultivators is in place. So any reform in this regard would benefit them directly.

KEPASTIAN HUKUM STATUS KEPEMILIKAN TANAH RUMAH SUSUN PERSPEKTIF HUKUM EKONOMI SYARIAH

The developer of the apartment is allowed to sell the apartment unit that has not been completed after fulfilling the requirements and obligations as regulated in Article 43 paragraph (2) of the Flats Law. This study aims to analyze and find the accuracy of using Article 378 of the Criminal Code to adjudicate violations of Article 43 paragraph (2) of the Flats Law related to the certainty of land ownership status as the basis for making PPJB and criminal responsibility for notaries against the occurrence of criminal acts in the deed he made related to with the principle of prudence of a notary in carrying out his office. The research method used in this study is normative juridical law research, the approach method used is the statutory regulation approach and the conceptual approach as well as the case approach. From the results of the research and discussion, it can be concluded first: the use of Article 378 of the Criminal Code which is applied to violations of Article 43 paragraph (2) of the Flats Law is inappropriate. The appropriate article for the violation is Article 110 of the Flats Law. Second: For criminal acts that are contained in a notary deed, it can cause the notary to be held criminally responsible for participating in helping the occurrence of a crime. In Sharia Economic Law, land ownership in flats includes haq al-jiwar which is included in the realm of al-irtifaq rights, where every occupant of the flat is entitled to the land where the house they live in is built. Therefore, the use of land should be by mutual agreement of all occupants or owners of the flat. If there is a violation of shared land use, sharia economic law does not clearly state the sanctions, but according to the author, sanctions in such land use violations are more related to tahzir punishments (orders) only, and do not reach the realm of Islamic criminality (hudud).Keywords: flats, violation, criminal, Haq al-Irtifaq.

Systematic Conservation Planning in a Mediterranean island context: The example of Cyprus

Cyprus’ biodiversity is under increasing pressure due to anthropogenic activities. TheNatura 2000 (N2K) sites under the Habitats Directive cover 10.4% of its island’s land surface while designation has been hindered by a complex political situation. We used a comprehensive dataset of Red Data Book (RDB) plants for the island and applied systematic conservation planning (SCP) to, (i) assess whether plant conservation features are adequately represented in the current Sites of Community Importance (SCIs) of the N2K, (ii) evaluate the effectiveness of the protected areas designated for plants by assessing the solutions of SCP against five widely used criteria and iii) suggest alternative protected areas configurations following basic principles of SCP. We run two scenarios in Marxan, using different cost surface and Boundary Length Modifier (BLM) parameters, one for all Annex II plant species and one for RDB plants. Targets were set for all conservation features (CFs) on the basis of their endangered status and endemism. The total area required to satisfy the targets ranged from 2.23% to 5.46% of the island’s area. Solutions with uniform cost achieve targets for the lowest cost but have the smallest overlap with the existing N2K (52.5–60.3%). Solutions with variable cost achieve significantly higher overlap with N2K (72.9–75.9%). The use of BLM reduces fragmentation and increases the number of irreplaceable PUs in both scenarios. The overlap of irreplaceable PUs with Critically Endangered species is high. Results corroborate that state-owned land provide protection to most threatened species, but there is a need for additional protected areas. Our findings provide a basis for improving the N2K network design in Cyprus to achieve biodiversity targets set for 2030, such as the increase of the land area providing legal protection to threatened plant species by considering our priority list of species and sites for future designation.

THE COMMUNITY-BASED ECOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT ON “TAMAN BEJI GRIYA” IN PUNGGUL VILLAGE, ABIAN SEMAL, BADUNG

<p><br />The community-based ecotourism (CBET) is a new paradigm of tourism to encourage<br />the preservation of nature and culture, as well as improve the economy of local people. The development of CBET “Taman Beji Griya” in Punggul Village which is managed by the extended family community, “Griya Gede Manuaba Punggul”, is the main focus of this study. This CBET combines natural attractions such as waterfalls and caves with malukat and tirtayatra rituals, without changing its socio-religious function. Through a management strategy and a SWOT analysis approach, the development pattern and the potential and constraints of this CBET can be identified. This study found that the development pattern of CBET “Taman Beji Griya” includes the environment scanning, formulation strategy, implementation strategy, evaluation and control. The potential and constraints for the development of CBET “Taman Beji Griya” include internal and external factors. The internal potential includes land ownership status, management competence, and family support. Its external potential includes positive responses from tourists, community support, and the influence of social media. Internal constraints include limited financial capital, human resources, and management. Externally, the constraints include government regulations, relationships with traditional institutions and local agencies, as well as uncertain sources of income.</p>

Role of the Law in Achieving Sustainable Urban Development through Fiscal Incentives in Nigeria

As the Nigerian population increasingly becomes urban; the situation has had harmful societal, environmental, health and infrastructural effects on the urban centres. The situation is exacerbated by the fact that the rate of land urbanisation in the country is moving at a slower pace; thereby placing pressure on the existing urban centres. Research conducted on urbanisation in Nigeria has revealed that the rate of urbanisation is unsustainable, serves as a constraint on economic development, and Nigeria’s cities are among the worst to live in. Data on the urbanization policies of various governments, globally, reveals that Nigeria is one of the few countries in the world without a clear urban policy. Meanwhile, Nigeria’s population continues to increase and is expected to have doubled by 2050. It is against this backdrop that this paper undertakes a multidisciplinary study of how the law’s adoption of fiscal incentives can help drive sustainable urban development in Nigeria. This paper argues that this will help the state governments in the decongestion of the existing urban centres (as the population urbanisation increases), ensure the creation of new urban centres, utilise fiscal incentives to attract businesses/ urban population to the new centres, and have sufficient fiscal revenues to sustainably manage the urban centres. This paper comparatively analyses the contribution of China’s legal system to its state-led land urbanization moving at a faster rate than its population urbanisation, thereby avoiding the ills associated with urbanization such as congestion, unemployment, etc. With China and Nigeria sharing a similar decentralized tax and fiscal system, state ownership of land, and a large population; this paper argues that the Chinese model can be adopted successfully in Nigeria.

Database Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian Pangan Berkelanjutan Berbasis Remote Sensing dan Sistem Informasi Geografis di Subak Temaga Kecamatan Denpasar Timur

Database of Sustainable Food Agricultural Land Resources Based on Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System at Subak Temaga East Denpasar Subdistricts. Subak Temaga doesn’t yet have a database according to Government Regulation No. 25 of 2012 concerning Information System for Sustainable Food Agriculture Land (SFAL). A geospatial-based database needs to be compiled to implement these regulation. The research aims: compile a database of artificial resources, agricultural resources, land resources and human resources to support SFAL in Subak Temaga, create land ownership maps in Subak Temaga, compile an information system of SFAL and land ownership based on remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS). This research uses a survey method to obtain primary data, then doing the mapping to compile the information system based on geospatial. The research results: artificial resources (irrigation, jogging track/farm road), land resources (soil family, landform, slope, rainfall, land suitability, soil fertility), agricultural resources (types of farm commodities, productivity, agriculture tools and machinery, cropping pattern, types and dosage of fertilizer), human resources (name, address, age, last education, farmer status, ownership status, ownership large and boundary, profit-sharing system). Farmer status consists of 56 owner farmers (30,9%) and 125 sharecropers (69,1%). Land ownership status consist of 432 freehold polygons (92,7%) and 34 non freehold polygons (23.8%). Remote sensing is used to determine the boundaries of land ownership, GIS is used to compile a geospatial-based information system for LP2B and land ownership.

Settlement of Land Procurement Disputes at the State Administrative Court

The purpose of this study is to analyze the legal protection for citizens over land acquisition disputes in determining the location of development for the public interest at the State Administrative Court. This research paper is included in the category of normative legal research. Data analysis in this type of normative legal research will use qualitative descriptive techniques. The results of this study provide an understanding of state-owned land disputes through the state administrative court. This study concludes that the implementation of the provisions of the Supreme Court Regulation Number 2 of 2016 concerning Guidelines for Proceeding in Disputes on Determining Development Locations for the Public Interest at the State Administrative Court is not effective in providing legal protection for the rights of citizens who are disadvantaged from the determination of development locations for the public interest By the Governor.

EFISIENSI TEKNIS, STRUKTUR BIAYA, DAN PENDAPATAN PENANGKARAN BENIH PADI INBRIDA DI KECAMATAN BUMI RATU NUBAN KABUPATEN LAMPUNG TENGAH

The purposes of this research are analyze technical efficiency, factors that affecting technical efficiency, cost structure, break even point, and income of inbred rice seed breeding. Furthermore, this research uses a survey method. The location of the research is chosen purposively in Bumi Ratu Nuban Subdistrict Central Lampung Regency as consideration that there are active and sustainable groups of farmer on inbred rice seed breeding. It should be noted that the number of respondent is 44 farmers which are collected randomly. Additionally, this research was conducted since August-September 2019. The analytical method uses frontier production function, multiple linear regression model, independent sample t-test, cost structure, break even point, and income analysis. The result shows that the level of technical efficiency is quiet efficient by 78.13 percent. Factors that significantly affecting technical efficiency are farming cost, revenue, capital, and land ownership status. The biggest cost component of cost structure for total cost is labor cost by 46.29 percent. Finally, the inbred rice seed breeding is profitable, because BEP value is smaller than revenue, production, and price that obtained by farmers and R/C for total cost is more than 1.Key words: cost structure, inbred rice seed breeding, income, technical efficiency

آلية لتوطين الخدمات العامة في مصر بالاعتماد على توافقها

The concept of mixed land uses emerged because of what cities have suffered because of the problems of segregation in land use, such as urban sprawl, the high cost of transportation to workplaces and services, and environmental pollution. Due to the many problems that cities face, especially the Egyptian ones, such as urban sprawl on agricultural lands, and the inefficiency of service provision, in addition to The difficulty of implementing detailed plans for cities because of the lack of state-owned land suitable for urban development, which corresponds to the areas required to provide the cities' current and future needs for services, so the multiple use of land can be an appropriate solution to overcome the problem of availability of land as well as to achieve maximum benefit from the value of land. The research problem is based on the absence of a current mechanism by which compatibility between services can be determined, and to decide their simultaneous or sequential coexistence in the same site within the context of multiple use of lands. The research deals with this problem by defining the main objective of the research, which is to uncover the theoretical framework that includes the current problems of Egyptian urbanization, then review and analyze the literature of the application of mixed land uses, as well as the compatibility between land uses and analyze previous studies that dealt with calculating the compatibility between land uses in order to determine the variables of calculating the degree of compatibility Between services in Egypt, and the preparation of a compatibility matrix between services in Egypt to assist the urban planners and decision-makers in identifying alternatives to services that are suitable for simultaneous or consecutive joint coexistence, as well as a participation matrix explaining the spaces that can be provided by each service to share with other services, whether similar or different service.

The Regulation on Subject to a Property Rights of a Land According to Agrarian Law (UUPA)

The law regarding agrarian has undergone many changes. The debate regarding the status of land ownership still needs a lot of study. Therefore, this research is interesting to do in order to findout the subject of a land ownership by virtue of the agrarian law (UUPA). This study using a normative juridical approach and uses an analytical descriptive in writing the data by describing the secondary data so that it is factual, accurate, and systematic. The source of this research comes from statutory regulations, the existence of decisions that have the court basis then analyzed using a qualitative way. The result describes that the agrarian law stipulated a legal principle under article number 21 stating that only Indonesian citizen who is able to have the rights over the land property, regardless whether they are men or women are placed in the equal position. In addition, it does not differentiate the group population. Nevertheless, through the authority possessed by the Government as the owner of the right to control the State, it can determine that certain legal entities which undertake social, religious and educational efforts can have property rights over a land.

Contribution of agrosilvopastoral pattern to sustainable communities economic improvement (study in Namaa Hamlet, Pelauw Village, Haruku Island Sub-District, Central Maluku Regency)

The agrosilvopastoral management pattern can provide multiple benefits to integrating the agriculture sector with the interrelated forestry and livestock sectors. This research in Namaa sub-village, Pelauw Village. The research aimed to : 1) Knowing the respondent's characteristics in agrosilvopastoral management, and 2) The contribution of the agrosilvopastoral pattern to improve community's economy. This research was conducted by using the purposive sampling method, with a representation of the 20 households of farmers. Primary and secondary data were taken by observation and interviews related to respondents' income and the agrosilvopastoral pattern. The data obtained were analyzed with a quantitative approach and qualitative descriptions. The results showed that the respondents' characteristics were the factors that influenced the management of agrosilvopastoral, namely the level of education, age level, number of family members, land area, and land ownership status, while the contribution of an agrosilvopastoral for respondents was 274,882,000 / year.

Analisis Efisiensi Teknis Multi-Stage Menggunakan Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) dan Regresi Tobit pada Usahatani Bawang Merah, Studi Kasus di Desa Torongrejo, Kecamatan Junrejo, Kota Batu, Jawa Timur

Shallot has the highest production value in Indonesia. High production value indicates that shallot is an important commodity, therefore, its potential must be improved. Technical efficiency analysis can be used to measure production efficiency and possible input reduction to maximize the production potential of shallot. The chosen location for this research is Torongrejo Village Batu City, East Java. Shallot productivity value of Batu City is comparable to other central shallot production areas in East Java. The purpose of this research is to understand the farming system and production efficiency of shallot alongside with socio-economics factors affecting its efficiency level. Research method used in this research consists of: profitability analysis of shallot farming, analysis using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to analyze the technical efficiency of shallot production, and Tobit regression to analyze socio-economics factors affecting technical efficiency level. The results from the analyses shows that shallot farming in Torongrejo Village has the R/C ratio of 2,09, with the DEA-CRS technical qfficiency value of 87,7 percent, DEA-VRS technical efficiency value of 99 percent and scale efficiency value of 88,6 percent. The result from Tobit regression using DEA-VRS as dependent variable shows that farming experience and formal education has positive and significant effect on technical efficiency (TE) level, and land ownership status has negative and significant effect on TE level. Shallot production efficiency can be increased by using reduced inputs therefore able to increase farming profit while keep improving farmers’ education and agriculture extension programs for the next generation of farmers.

PROCUREMENT OF ULAYAT LAND FOR SUBSIDED HOUSING DEVELOPMENT IN HARAU DISTRICT LIMA PULUH KOTA REGENCY

Ulayat rights are the rights that owned by a legal alliance, where the citizens of the community have the right to control the land. The Regional Regulation of West Sumatra Province, Article 2 paragraph (1) Number 6 of 2008 concerning Communal Land and Its Utilization states that the main principle of customary land is permanent based on the Minangkabau traditional philosophy “jua ndak makan bali, gadai ndak makan sando” (shall not bargaining; may not be pawned). The provisions of the regulation state that ulayat land may not be traded and may not be pawned, its ownership status may not change, except for importunate situation and condition, namely maik tabujua dalam rumah (for the death of family member), gadih gadang ndak balaki (wedding), rumah gadang katirisan (misfortune), mambangkik Batang tarandam (efforts to enforce). Land acquisition for the construction of subsidized housing is not a land acquisition according to Law Number 2 of 2012 concerning Land Procurement for Public Interest. The formulation of the problems discussed are first, the process of acquiring communal land for the construction of subsidized housing in Harau District, Lima Puluh Kota Regency, secondly the land registration process after the acquisition of customary land occurs, thirdly the legal consequences of acquiring customary land used for the construction of subsidized housing in Harau District, Lima Regency. Dozens of Cities againts customary law communities. This study uses an empirical juridical approach with the aim of finding out whether the law in the book is in accordance with the law in action. The results of the research study indicate that the process of acquiring communal land for the construction of subsidized housing is carried out by buying and selling. The construction of subsidized housing is managed by a legal entity in the form of a Limited Liability Company. The status of land ownership is just as the user of the facility that called with Hak Guna Bangunan

JURIDICAL ANALYSIS OF RIGHTS REGISTRATION PROCESS ON LAND AND OWNERSHIP STATUS TO CONFIRM LEGAL ASSURANCE

Land registration aims to guarantee legal certainty and certainty of land rights. By holding land registration, the parties concerned can easily find out the status of the legal status of the particular land they are dealing with, their location, area and boundaries. And also as a condition for the implementation of orderly land administration. The purpose of this study is to find out the legal arrangements regarding the process of registering land rights and ownership status in order to confirm legal certainty and how to implement, constraint factors and solutions to problems that occur in the community. This research uses normative legal research methods. The normative method is writing that uses primary materials or data. In normative legal research, library materials in the form of basic data which in the study are classified as secondary data. Secondary data can include primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials. The results of the study indicate that the legal arrangements regarding the responsibilities of the Batam City National Land Agency in the process of registering land rights have been carried out well by the Batam City National Land Agency in order to realize legal certainty for the people of Batam City. However, in carrying out their duties there are still obstacles in the process of registering land rights in Batam City because of the imbalance of authority with the Batam Concession Agency as the holder of land management rights in Batam City. So, the solution is expected to have special regulations regarding this so that the process of registering land rights in Batam City can run in accordance with the laws and regulations.

Water and Sanitation in Slum Settlement: Case Study of Kaliawi, Indonesia

As stated in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), water and sanitation are basic human needs that must be met to support livelihoods. However, in many developing countries, the issue of inequality continues to be faced, especially in slum settlements. The research was conducted in an area of slum settlements, in Kaliawi Village, Bandar Lampung to reveal the accessibility of water and sanitation using questionnaires and observation. The output is mapped using a spatial analysis approach. Furthermore, crosstab is used to analyze the possibility of internal factors affecting the condition of infrastructure provision in each house. The results showed that a large number of houses do not have a water source, some houses do not have septic tanks, the existing drainage network is not connected, and areas are not served by garbage collection services. Occupation, education level, land ownership status, and physical condition of the house are related to access to clean water and sanitation available in each house.

The Use of Article 378 of the Criminal Code against Violations of Article 43 Paragraph 2 of the Flats Law on Legal Certainty of Land Ownership Status

The developer of the apartment is allowed to sell the apartment unit that has not been completed after fulfilling the requirements and obligations as regulated in Article 43 paragraph (2) of the Flats Law. This study aims to analyze and find the accuracy of using Article 378 of the Criminal Code to adjudicate violations of Article 43 paragraph (2) of the Flats Law related to the certainty of land ownership status as the basis for making PPJB and criminal responsibility for notaries against the occurrence of criminal acts in the deed he made related to with the principle of prudence of a notary in carrying out his office. The research method used in this study is normative juridical law research, the approach method used is the statutory regulation approach and the conceptual approach as well as the case approach. From the results of the research and discussion, it can be concluded first: the use of Article 378 of the Criminal Code which is applied to violations of Article 43 paragraph (2) of the Flats Law is inappropriate. The appropriate article for the violation is Article 110 of the Flats Law. Second: For criminal acts that are contained in a notary deed, it can cause the notary to be held criminally responsible for participating in helping the occurrence of a crime.

Farmer’s decision determining factors in harvest technology selection in rice farming

Development of modern agricultural sector requires agricultural tools and machinery. Agricultural equipment and machinery technology is considered capable of increasing agricultural production and efficiency of time and labor. Furthermore, farmers’ decision on agricultural mechanization usage is influenced by internal and external factors. The recent study aims to determine the influencing factors toward farmer’s decision in harvest technology selection in rice farming. The research was conducted in Seputih Raman District, Central Lampung Regency in September – October 2016. The farmer’s decision determining factors were analyzed using binary logistic regression. As a result, the determining factors were the ease of operating rice harvester machines and land ownership status by farmers. However, new technology requirements are easy to adopt, one of which is the ease of testing. Therefore, technically harvester machine assembling is not complicated and easy to operate.

English

The present investigation has been done on the basis of qualitative and quantitative data collected from primary sources and explored the land alienation and land ownership status of tribal agricultural labourers. It also investigates how social discrimination aggravates the extent of land alienation and influence the land ownership and access to common property resources among the tribal people. While considering the inter-community disparity in land ownership, Kurichiya community owned more land than Paniya community, whereas, Kattunaikan owned no land and remained landless. Majority of the tribal people, especially women experienced high degree of land alienation. The major methods of land alienation identified were marriage of tribal women with non-tribal men, mortgaging the land by the tribal people to the non-tribal people in return for credit. The major consequences of land alienation as perceived by the tribal agricultural labourers were widening gap between the rich and the poor tribal people, increased poverty, exploitation, confrontation between tribal and non-tribal people, migration, law and order problem in tribal areas and marginalization and exclusion. In the case of access to common property resources, Kurichiya community had better access to community well/ tap, forest produces, common land resources and water resources than Paniya and Kattunaikan communities.

여수 방답진 관아 건축의 배치 및 위치에 관한 연구

The purpose of this study is to examine the materials on Bangdapjin, summarize the excavation surveys and compare them with the past literature records and to determine the location of the Bangdapjin government office facilities. It was categorized into the castle in the original cadastral map, which allowed to identify the overall shape of Jionseong Castle. The Chi on the castle wall and Ongseong on the Munji have also been identified. The majority of state-owned land in the original cadastral map is usually concentrated at the point where the road from the north intersects with the road from the east to the castle, which is presumably where public buildings were located. One of the photos in the 1950s shows the presence of a building presumed to be an inn featuring, extraordinary shape that deserves special attention. The gate is believed to have had Ongseong due to evidence of a portion protruded at right angles from the castle according to the original cadastral map.