Human rights have, for long, been an issue in Indonesia’s land of Papua. Being an area with numerous differences to the rest of Indonesia, the people of Papua have been considering the option of demanding independence from the country. The reasons behind such a demand are pushed by four factors: human rights, culture, historical background, and the current reality. Using the concept of human rights proclaimed by John Locke and Attracta Ingram, it is established that the underlying factors behind such a demand are due to their neglected rights to economic prosperity and social well-being. Not having their rights fulfilled, the people of Papua voice out their concerns and this has caught international attention. Countries like Australia, New Zealand, and the United States of America have shown their concerns about the condition of Papua. Some blatantly express their support for the independence of the area. Others show more respect for the sovereignty of Indonesia. Nonetheless, with such international pressure, what can be done by Indonesia to handle the problem of human rights violation in Papua? The following points are the steps that should be considered by Indonesia’s government regarding the issue in question: (1) the government should pay more attention to the economic prosperity of the Papuans, (2) the government should be more concerned for the social well-being of the people, (3) the government needs to be aware of the interests of the international world, and (4) Indonesia needs to include non-state actors and non-government organizations in upholding the human rights violations and issues. In doing so, there is more hope for the upholding of Papuan’s rights to economic prosperity and social well-being.