Land Control Research Articles

ANALISIS PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA KEPEMILIKAN TANAH ANTARA KOPERASI TANI TIMIANGAN RAYA (KTTR) DENGAN DEWI ROBINAR

So important is land for human life, regulations are needed that regulate the use, allocation, control and ownership of land, along with the resolution of land disputes. Saturday, September 24 1960, was a very important day in the development of Indonesian law, especially in the field of Agrarian law. This historic date is the day Law No. 5 years known as the Basic Agrarian Principles Regulations. As forobjectiveUUPA is asBasic Law laying the foundations for legal draftingagrarianational, which will constitute a tool to bring prosperity, happiness and justice for the country and the people, especially farmers, in the framework of a just and prosperous society.NHowever, in reality there is an increase in the number of land disputes every year. Land disputes are unavoidable nowadays. The law enforcement bureaucracy in resolving land disputes through litigation and non-litigation is often found to be considered unfair in resolving these disputes. From these various cases, the emergence and sharpening of land disputes did not occur instantly, but rather grew and developed from seeds that had been buried for a long time. Such as the land ownership dispute between the Timiangan Raya Farmers Cooperative (KTTR) and Dewi Robinar. The Timiangan Raya Farmers Cooperative sued on October 5 2021 with no. Reg; 254/Pdt.G/2021/PN Prp. on suspicion of grabbing land on a 250 ha plantation owned by Dr.dr.Dewi Robinar, Sp.A. (K) since 2005 in Lubuk Napal Village, Rambah Samo District, Rokan Hulu Regency, meaning that this problem has been hidden for 18 years and was only revealed in 2021. In accordance with article 33 number 4 of the 1945 Constitution which states that the national economy is organized based on economic democracy with the principles of togetherness, efficiency, justice, sustainability, environmental insight, independence and maintaining the balance of progress and national economic unity. The various provisions and efforts mandated in it are expressly aimed at raising the standard of living of the economically weak people.In this research the method is used as an analytical tool is an approach taken based on the main legal basis by examining theories, concepts, legal principles and laws and regulations related to pThis research is with analytical descriptive research specifications. With data analysis used is qualitative data analysis.

Braking and attitude control of lunar lander in active descent stage

Abstract China officially launched the lunar exploration project, named “Chang’e Project,” in 2004. Then, in 2013, Chang’e-3 completed the soft landing on the lunar surface, starting a series of studies on the soft landing of spacecraft. This study aims to optimize the dynamic flight guidance and attitude control of the lunar landing module represented by Chang’e-3 in the soft landing stage. After analyzing the attitude control requirements of the soft landing stage of the lunar landing module, this study designs the lunar soft landing process under a variable structure sliding mode (VSSM) control. The study also analyzes the influence of the pulse width modulator (PWM) on the soft landing process. The simulation model of the lunar soft landing guidance and control system is established by MATLAB/Simulink, and the traditional proportional–integral–derivative (PID) control mode is compared with the interference condition. Results show that VSSM + PWM is superior to PID in robustness and accuracy and has a theoretical reference value for future lunar landing exploration and even Mars landing exploration.

Perlindungan Hukum pada Tradisi Menugal sebagai Kearifan Lokal di Kecamatan Arut Utara

The tradition of cutting off is one of the local wisdom that still exists carried out by the people of North Arut District, West Kotawaringin Regency. This tradition is carried out at the time of the start of the growing season around October to December by performing certain rituals by burning the land to be planted. Law number 32 of 2009 is explained on the protection of local wisdom of indigenous peoples and Central Kalimantan Regional Regulation Number 1 of 2020 concerning Forest and Land control provides protection and mechanisms for burning forests and land. The obstacle faced in legal protection in this tradition is that the local government only provides appeals through brochures and billboards and there is less socialization and understanding to the people who carry out this tradition so that the provisions in the legislation are acceptable and do not give fear about legal threats.

Implications of Control of Coastal Lands by Foreigners in The Tourism Business

This article analyzes the "Implications of Coastal Land Tenure By Foreigners in the Tourism Business." The focus of the study in this paper is the legal aspects of coastal land control by foreigners in Bali to benefit the tourism business. In analyzing these legal issues, the author uses empirical legal research methods with a statutory approach, a conceptual approach, a sociological approach, and a case approach. Based on the theory of authority, the theory of expediency, and the theory of legal protection as an analytical knife, the tourism business in Bali cannot be separated from the existence of foreigners. Similarly, the control of coastal land in Bali-pun does not escape the control of foreigners, both through legal investment and some illegal, by utilizing mutually beneficial cooperation between residents and with prajuru Indigenous Villages on the basis of sharing profits. Balinese people who have a unique culture with nuances of Hinduism in daily life and in running a business in the field of tourism are always based on the "Tri Hita Karana Philosophy" which is manifested in behavior that significantly maintains a harmonious relationship between "Man with God" Man with Nature, and "Humans with other Humans." It is in this philosophy that the principle of good faith in investing is reflected so that the possession of coastal lands by foreigners for the benefit of the tourism business is obliged to respect this very noble principle; however, in empirical facts, it turns out that the control of coastal lands in Bali by foreigners under the guise of mutually beneficial cooperation is likely to harm the use of indigenous villages in carrying out the religious values attached to these coastal lands. So that in this case, the concept of mutually beneficial cooperation is contained in the lousy faith of foreigners to control the land of Bali to get personal benefits at the expense of Balinese nature wrapped in mutually beneficial Works.

Diffuse land control, shifting pastoralist institutions, and processes of accumulation in southern Kenya

ABSTRACT In East Africa, pastoralist systems are undergoing rapid transformation due to land enclosures, benefit distributions associated with new land uses, shifting social relations, and changing authority and governance structures. We apply a critical analysis of the institutions that mediate access and benefits across a complex mosaic of property relations within Ilkisongo Maasai pastoralist land in southern Kenya. Our analysis elucidates how global and national influences have interacted with shifting dynamics of socio-cultural norms and rules regarding access to create new benefit pathways, cascading patterns of accumulation and social differentiation, and diffuse institutional controls over land.

Effects of Cinnamomum camphora coppice planting on soil fertility, microbial community structure and enzyme activity in subtropical China.

Cinnamomum camphora (C. camphora) is a broad-leaved evergreen tree cultivated in subtropical China. Currently, the use of C. camphora clonal cuttings for coppice management has become popular. However, the effects of C. camphora coppice planting on soil abiotic and biotic variances remained unclear. In this study, we collected soil from three points in the seven-year C. camphora coppice planting land: under the tree canopy (P15), between trees (P50), and abandoned land (Control) to investigate the effects of C. camphora coppice planting on soil fertility, microbial community structure and enzyme activity. The results revealed that C. camphora coppice planting significantly increased soil fertility in the point under the tree canopy (P15) and point between trees (P50), and P15 had more significant effects than P50. Meanwhile, in P15 and P50, soil bacterial, fungal alpha-diversity were improved and microbial community structures were also changed. And the changes of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen promote the transformation of soil bacterial, fungal community structures, respectively. In addition, C. camphora coppice planting significantly (p < 0.05) increased soil urease (UE), polyphenol oxidase, and peroxidase activities, while significantly decreased soil ACP activity. This study demonstrated that the C. camphora coppice planting could improve soil fertility in subtropical China, which promoted the transformation of soil microbial community from oligotrophs (K-strategist) to copiotrophs (r-strategist). Thus, this work can provide a theoretical basis for soil nutrient variation and productive management of C. camphora coppice plantation in subtropical China.

English

Diversification has been argued to be the future of small farms and more so in developing countries given its benefits to mitigating against risk, increase economic and social benefits. This study was built on an earlier study by Mpiira et al. (2021). 247 respondents were interviewed using pre-tested and semi-structured questionnaires in three districts of Central Uganda: Kiboga, Nakaseke and Sembabule. Using a cost-benefit analysis, net benefits from the adoption of a particular combination of GBTL technology were calculated. An Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) model was used to determine factors that influence the net benefits accrued by cluster of farms. Findings show that the more diversified farm cluster 2 earns more from bananas and legume fodder while cluster 1 earns more from coffee. Cluster 2 farms earn about 4.3 million shillings annually from bananas and 2.3 million from coffee while cluster 1 farms earn an average of 1.6 million shillings from banana and 3 million shillings from coffee. The final net benefits are influenced by education level, gender and land control as well as level of coffee integration within the coffee-banana intercrop. We find significant differences between farm clusters in terms of diversification intensities by enterprise combinations and benefits. The findings point to the need for tailor-made enterprise combinations that fit the gender, space and location. Key words: Farm diversity, profitability, technology, Uganda. &nbsp;

Legal Consequences For a PPAT Sale and Purchase Deed’s to Buyers Who Dont Own the Object of Sale and Purchase

Currently, the need for authentic certificates as evidence is increasing along with the increase in business relationships in various business fields, both on a local and international scale. Most people acquire land by buying and selling. In preventing land problems so that conflicts do not occur in the community, it is necessary to have regulation, control and use of land regulated in the BAL. This study uses a normative juridical law approach with sufficient literature so that secondary data is also needed. The theory of legal certainty is also discussed in this study, because it is fair and implemented normatively, not sociologically. The Civil Code, the sale and purchase of land is essentially a transfer of land rights to other parties/persons in the form of land sellers to land buyers. Buying and selling in customary law is a legal act of transferring land rights by paying the price at the same time in cash.

Understanding gender differences on the choices of a portfolio of climate-smart agricultural practices in sub-saharan Africa

Gender-based intra-household differences in resource ownership, management and control are important bargaining powers on the division of authority regarding agriculture-related decisions within the household. Yet, not much is known about the gender role played by intra-household resource distribution between spouses on the adoption of a portfolio of Climate-smart Agriculture (CSA) practices. In this study, we use plot-level panel data from four Sub-Saharan African countries, namely Ethiopia, Tanzania, Malawi, and Nigeria. We employ a correlated random effect Tobit regression model to examine how land ownership, plot management and control of outputs by the spouses individually and jointly influenced the rate of adoption of multiple CSA practices. We find that the gender-linked adoption of CSA practices is more likely to be made if plot management rights overlap with land ownership and control of economic rights from the land along gender lines. The result implies that women do have a role in the decision to adopt CSA practices due to their intra-household bargaining power. The findings indicate interesting nuances with respect to gender-differentiated impacts of policies to enhance resource entitlement and decision making thereby increasing adoption of a portfolio of CSA practices.

Research on Sichuan Tourism Economic Development based on Geographic Information Big Data

In the process of Sichuan Province's transformation from a province with large tourism resources to a province with strong tourism economy, studying and understanding the spatial differences of the development level of tourism economy in the province will help to deeply understand the role of tourism in regional economic development. In the environment of big data, geographic information big data can provide technical support for the development and protection of land and space, and rational use of this technology can also play a role in the rational allocation of land and space resources to a certain extent, so as to achieve scientific planning and accurate control of land and space. The development of tourism in Sichuan Province must start with the cultivation of talents, and constantly expand the core quality of talents, so as to help talents have a high degree of harmony in tourism development. Based on geographic information big data, optimize the spatial layout of tourism resources and tourism elements, formulate effective tourism economic regulation policies, and promote the sustainable and coordinated development of tourism in Sichuan Province.

Legal Aspect of Land Tenure Strategies by Foreign Nationals (Case of District of Jepara, Indonesia)

Great potential in investment, invites many parties to develop their business in Jepara Regency. The government regulates the control of Indonesian land for foreign nationals in the form of use rights. However, in reality, foreign nationals in Jepara do not use the Right to Use but use other forms of land tenure. This study aims to analyse Legal Review Of Land Tenure Strategies By Foreign Nationals In The District Of Jepara. In this study using qualitative methods, the method of collecting data through interviews and documentation which then the results of data analysis using descriptive analysis. The results of the study found that the form of strategies and methods of land tenure by Foreign Citizens in the Regency by a) Marrying Indonesian citizen by acting on behalf of his wife as the right holder. b) Living together without marital status by way of an agreement on property by both parties c) Leasing a foreign citizen with a local resident d) Through a foreign legal entity established in Indonesia to control land in Jepara Regency.

Characteristics and Planting Safety Assessment of As Content in Dryland Soil and Maize in Guizhou Province

In order to understand the distribution characteristics of As content in dryland soils and maize seeds in Guizhou province and to evaluate the safety of maize cultivation, 468 natural soil samples, 1260 dryland surface soil samples, and 980 corresponding maize seed samples were systematically collected to determine their As content and basic physicochemical properties. The degree of contamination of the samples was evaluated by using the single-factor contamination index method. The results showed that: ① the range of ω(As) in dryland soil was 0.35-758.53 mg·kg-1, with a geometric mean of 23.28 mg·kg-1. The independent sample T-test showed that the As content of dryland soil in Guizhou province was significantly higher than that of natural soil ω(As) 21.29 mg·kg-1 (P<0.01), indicating the existence of arsenic accumulation effects in dryland soil; compared with the screening value of the "Agricultural Land Soil Pollution Risk Management and Control Standard" (GB 15618-2018), the excess rate of soil samples was 33.81%. ② Corn seed ω(As) ranged from 0.001 to 0.868 mg·kg-1, with a mean value of 0.064 mg·kg-1, and 0.61% of the corn seed samples exceeded the limit value of "Limits of Contaminants in Foods" (GB 2762-2017), with the exceeding points distributed in Bijie City, Qianxinan Prefecture, and Tongren City. ③ When corn seeds were used as feed and grain, maize could be safely grown in dryland soils in Guizhou province. This study showed that the soil As pollution in the dryland of Guizhou province was relatively serious, and overall safe maize cultivation can be achieved; however, the cultivation of maize around the As-related non-ferrous metal mining areas is still of concern.

Land grabbing on the edge of empire: the longue durée of fee-simple forest lands and indigenous resistance in British Columbia

ABSTRACT In 1873, on the edge of empire, over 800,000 hectares of land was reserved as payment for a future rail line on Vancouver Island, British Columbia. This land was granted to the Esquimalt & Nanaimo Railway Company in 1887, sold to industrial capital in the twentieth century, and then finance capital in the twenty-first century. Intensive logging has been the constant. Indigenous nations have never relented in their opposition to the rail deal. This article historicizes land grabbing through unpacking the rounds of political-economic and settler control of land that rest on the bedrock of the original colonial enclosure.

Sea changes of sandbanks and reclamation of shallows in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River in the modern period

ABSTRACT The Yangtze River waterway is an open and dynamic natural system, where we see natural changes such as soil and water loss, river flooding, and rise and collapse of sandbanks and activities people carried out for land reclamation in the waterfront lowlands. Riverine island, a typical waterfront lowland, is formed by the sediment carried by the water from the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River when it is blocked, slowed down, and silted up in the process. It needs the protection of the dam. As important water conservancy facilities in lowland society, dams are, in fact, the result of state intervention and local self-organization governance. People’s adaptation to and transformation of the ecological environment in the waterfront region mainly revolves around the rise, collapse, and reclamation of the land and water control, which demonstrates the dynamic balance between “man and nature.” Since the late Qing, the north branch of Zhangjiazhou has gradually developed into a curved channel; the north bank has been eroded by water and accelerated to collapse, whereas the south bank has gradually silted up. The residents who lived on the north bank of the Yangtze River went to the south bank to reclaim land, resulting in continuous disputes over the reclamation of the new alluvial land. People realized their own demands for land reclamation by organizing groups beyond villages and families and using regulations on reclamation or land laws. This demonstrates that in the modern period the state and its institutional construction played a more important role in “confirming the rights” of the new alluvial land.

Making a Modern U.S. West: The Contested Terrain of a Region and its Borders, 1898–1940 by Sarah Deutsch

Reviewed by: Making a Modern U.S. West: The Contested Terrain of a Region and its Borders, 1898–1940 by Sarah Deutsch Alicia M. Dewey Making a Modern U.S. West: The Contested Terrain of a Region and its Borders, 1898–1940. By Sarah Deutsch. (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2022. Pp. 666. Notes, bibliography, index.) Sarah Deutsch has written possibly the most important survey of modern U.S. western history in a couple of decades. Along with her own original research and interpretations, she has synthesized aspects of recent twentieth-century borderlands historiography with the new western history of the 1980s, 1990s, and early 2000s. Although she treats the West as a region that has been a place of mixing, cooperation, and conflict among diverse groups, she moves beyond region to make a case, in somewhat Turnerian fashion, that the modern West played a significant role in forming and maintaining the twentieth-century U.S. nation-state as a “white man’s country” (454). The book is important to Texas history because she includes Texas as part of the West and incorporates examples of episodes in Texas history in almost every chapter. Although Deutsch’s work does not cover as broad a time period as Patricia Nelson Limerick’s Legacy of Conquest: The Unbroken Past of the American West (W. W. Norton & Co., 1987) or Richard White’s “It’s Your Misfortune and None of My Own”: A New History of the American West (University of Oklahoma Press, 1991), it is as significant because it encompasses the critical years between the late nineteenth century, traditionally viewed as the “end of the frontier” by Frederick Jackson Turner and those who followed him, and World War II, a time when the West had been modernized and fully incorporated into the United States politically, economically, socially, and culturally. Deutsch starts in 1898 rather than in 1893, the date of Turner’s famous thesis, because she sees the start of the Spanish American War as the beginning of a shift in the government’s approach to new territories and new peoples from a policy of “democratic incorporation” to “an imperial philosophy of official colonization” (3). Deutsch argues that this new imperial philosophy affected how the government managed land and people in the West, differentiating between Whites as the true exemplars of American citizens and non-Whites, like the colonized abroad, in a secondary status. Armed with new scientific “expertise” and eager to draw lines, segregate, and categorize, the federal government had considerable ability to influence and shape the West because of its control of the extensive public lands remaining there. Policies regulating water, land, and population aimed to transform the Jeffersonian “agrarian ideal of independent small farmers . . . into a self-consciously modern nation-state” [End Page 395] while continuing to preserve the western myth of boundless opportunity for White men. (2) The book is divided into four parts: Demarcating, 1898–1910; Agitating, 1910–1921; Speculating, 1920–1929; and Mobilizing, 1928–1940. Throughout, Deutsch explores federal, state, and local efforts to define physical and racial borders, create clearer definitions of citizenship, exclude or subordinate non-Whites, identify and promote as normative the White nuclear family and White community, preserve the ideal of the self-sufficient small farmer, and promote development that primarily benefited Whites. For example, in early twentieth-century South Texas, Anglos built irrigated farm towns that segregated ethnic Mexican laborers to one side of town, in contrast to the more ethnically mixed border towns, created new counties to give more power to White ranching and farming families, and formed the White Men’s Primary Association to attempt to keep ethnic Mexicans from political participation. Elsewhere, government-encouraged speculative investments in oil, land, and tourism in the 1920s benefited Whites, often at the expense of Native Americans. Deutsch contrasts efforts to delimit and control with the reality of blurred boundaries, mixing of peoples, and insurgent movements, showing that neither conquest nor homogeneity were ever fully achieved. Nature did not always cooperate with enough water for small farms despite the construction of irrigation canals and modern dams. Drawing clear racial lines was not always possible, often erasing complex mixed heritage, as in Oklahoma, where...

Novel method for bang-bang optimal control of starship soft landing

Novel method for bang-bang optimal control of starship soft landing

Novel method for bang-bang optimal control of starship soft landing

Novel method for bang-bang optimal control of starship soft landing

Data-Driven Guidance and Control for Asteroid Landing Based on Real-Time Dynamic Mode Decomposition

Navigation and control near asteroids are challenging due to high levels of uncertainty, necessitating a high degree of autonomy and safety. To address this challenge, we propose a novel method for leveraging data-driven approaches, which have garnered significant attention in recent years. Traditional data-driven and machine learning techniques have been applied to space exploration problems; however, they often require large amounts of data in advance and are not robust to unknown environments. Hence, they are typically used in auxiliary roles and are not easily adaptable to real-time modeling and control. We propose the use of the theory of dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) and delayed embedding to construct a data-driven real-time guidance and control system for asteroid landings. Our approach employs low-dimensional information obtained from onboard sensors to construct nonlinear dynamics in the vicinity of asteroids. Based on the constructed dynamical model, we propose a guidance control strategy for accurate and reliable spacecraft landing. Our proposed method has the potential to improve guidance and control systems for space exploration by enabling real-time modeling and control with reduced computational cost.

Control and prevent land subsidence caused by foundation pit dewatering in a coastal lowland megacity: indicator definition, numerical simulation, and regression analysis

Land subsidence has to be controlled under global climate change and sea level rising for coastal megacities. Land subsidence caused by lowering groundwater level during underground excavation has become a dominant influence factor for land subsidence during urbanization and city renewal. How to manage the land subsidence induced by foundation pit dewatering (FPD) on an urban scale was urgent. Shanghai was selected as the research background. A subsidence and drawdown double control (SDDC) partition was established. The position of three times excavation depth (3H) horizontally away from the foundation boundary in the plane was defined as the boundary between dewatering subsidence and excavation settlement. Land subsidence of 3H (LS-3H) and groundwater drawdown on 3H (GD-3H) were defined as the evaluating and controlling indicators. An FPD conceptual model was summarized by the estimating and investigating of foundation pit information and numerical simulations were performed. A total of 6540 FPD scenarios were simulated for the LS-3H and GD-3H. Multi-factor regression analysis was conducted to obtain relations between the GD-3H and the shape, area, depth, and curtain depth of foundation pit on the basis of the numerical simulations. The regression models can be used to estimate the GD-3H and compared with the threshold specified by land subsidence prevention and control (LSPC) law, which can provide a reference for similar cases.

Controlling Forest and Land Fires in Riau Province using Collaborative Governance: Support for Smart Environment

Riau Province is one of the provinces with the largest areas of forest and land fires in Indonesia. Therefore, a collaboration between agencies is needed, both government agencies and non-government organizations at the national, provincial and district/city levels, to control forest and land fires. This research aims to explore forest and land fire control in Riau Province using collaborative governance. This quantitative research is analyzed with structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques using SmartPLS to analyze data and test hypotheses. Data were obtained from 150 questionnaires distributed to multi-actors consisting of five (5) organizations involved in collaborative land and forest fire control in Riau Province. The results showed that controlling forest and land fires in Riau Province can be done using collaborative governance. This is evidenced by the hypothesis results, where culture significantly influences trust in collaboration. Furthermore, trust also has a positive effect on the output of collaboration, and output also affects the outcome of collaboration. However, facilitating leadership and institutional design does not significantly impact trust in collaboration to control forest and land fires in Riau Province. The collaborative governance model by Ansell and Gash was developed by adding culture and output indicators. In addition, this research also considers the application of a smart environment in discussing collaborative governance to support environmental sustainability in the future.