Abundant Land Research Articles

A New Science for a Post-Frontier World

migrants from Europe and their offspring, competing against the indigenous people and eventually replacing them. But those waves were backed up by the power of the American and Canadian nation states, with their well-armed military, their well funded railroads, and other technology and capital. Science too was initially on the side of the invaders. But after World War One that frontier began to run out of free, abundant land. Then began what I will call a “post-frontier” science, especially ecological in content, that represented a very different attitude toward the white man’s conquest. Scientists like Frederick Clements, John C. Weaver, Paul Sears, and Stan Rowe, all natives to the Great Plains, laid the foundations for what is now a powerful critique of frontier agriculture. My contribution to the panel will summarize that critique briefly but focus mainly on the more recent work of Wes Jackson, founder and longtime president of the Land Institute. He has strongly criticized the frontier ethos for its the lack of understanding of the native ecology of the grasslands. In its place he has offered a vision of “perennial polyculture,” using nature as a model for agriculture in an era of limits. That model has not only been making a growing impact on American thinking but has now spread to other continents. Will the end of this frontier cycle and scientific reappraisal turn out to be what Jackson calls a “new agriculture,” one based on learning from the past and one that can change farming all over the world?

Sub-pixel mapping with point constraints

Remote sensing images contain abundant land cover information. Due to the complex nature of land cover, however, mixed pixels exist widely in remote sensing images. Sub-pixel mapping (SPM) is a technique for predicting the spatial distribution of land cover classes within mixed pixels. As an ill-posed inverse problem, the uncertainty of prediction cannot be eliminated and hinders the production of accurate sub-pixel maps. In contrast to conventional methods that use continuous geospatial information (e.g., images) to enhance SPM, in this paper, a SPM method with point constraints into SPM is proposed. The method of fusing point constraints is implemented based on the pixel swapping algorithm (PSA) and utilizes the auxiliary point information to reduce the uncertainty in the SPM process and increase map accuracy. The point data are incorporated into both the initialization and optimization processes of PSA. Experiments were performed on three images to validate the proposed method. The influences of the performances were also investigated under different numbers of point data, different spatial characters of land cover and different zoom factors. The results show that by using the point data, the proposed SPM method can separate more small-sized targets from aggregated artifacts and the accuracies are increased obviously. The proposed method is also more accurate than the advanced radial basis function interpolation-based method. The advantage of using point data is more evident when the point data size and scale factor are large and the spatial autocorrelation of the land cover is small. As the amount of point data increases, however, the increase in accuracy becomes less noticeable. Furthermore, the SPM accuracy can still be increased even if the point data and coarse proportions contain errors.

Review: First Strike: Educational Enclosures in Black Los Angeles, by Damien M. Sojoyner

Review: First Strike: Educational Enclosures in Black Los Angeles, by Damien M. Sojoyner

Regional Growth and the Persistence of Regional Income Inequality in Argentina in the First Half of the Twentieth Century

AbstractSouthern and central regions of Argentina moved from being relatively poor in the sixteenth century to being the richest in the country today. Although there is some evidence of this reversal, the process of regional growth in Argentina in the first half of the twentieth century is, in the main, unknown. In this paper, we present an estimation of the GDPs of Argentina's 25 provinces in 1914: this is the first consistent estimation of this variable for any period before the 1950s. Our results confirm that in 1914 the city of Buenos Aires and some districts in Patagonia had the highest per capita GDP, and a comparison with the available data for 1953 shows strong persistence in incomes per capita in this period; sectoral analysis of provincial GDPs suggests that growth in the leading districts was driven by economies of agglomeration in some cases and land abundance in others.

Management Strategies for Sustainable Forest Biodiversity Conservation in Protected Areas of Bangladesh: A Study of Bhawal National Park, Gazipur

Bhawal National Park (BNP) is one of the biologically historic and rich habitats in Bangladesh. Therefore, the study aimed to assess the current management strategies of BNP for sustainable biodiversity conservation along with investigations focusing underlying causes of deforestation and biodiversity losses. A structured questionnaire survey, interview, focused group discussions (FGDs), key informant interviews (KII), and literature survey were used as research tools. The results reveal some threats to the sustainable park management, such as its proximity to urban areas, encroachment, abundance of private land within its boundaries, and the pressure of rapid industrialization. It is found that extensive fuelwood collection, industrial setup, agricultural activities, forest fire, forest land encroachment, wood collection are significant causes for deforestation and biodiversity loss. Moreover, number of species of plants and wildlife has decreased roughly by one-third and one-half, respectively. The findings of this study are valuable for sustainable forest biodiversity conservation and management apart from formulating relevant strategies, planning, and policies for the protected areas of Bangladesh.

Editors' Introduction

Editors' Introduction Selima Sultana and Paul Knapp We are grateful for the excellent contributions that comprise the Spring issue of Volume 60 of the Southeastern Geographer. The four articles in this issue nicely illustrate the eclectic and diverse nature of geography yet are synchronized by their focus within the American South. Foglietti et al. examine US tornado outbreak activity during 1975–2014 and find that following exclusion of individual tornadoes, a tornado "outbreak alley" is located in the "US Midsouth" that includes southern Arkansas, northern Mississippi and northern Alabama—an area several hundred miles away from what is considered "Tornado Alley." Their work demonstrates how evaluating spatial patterns of singular tornadoes versus tornado outbreaks produces different outcomes as well as the challenges of mapping tornado outbreaks when no formal definition exists. That said, even when using a variety of tornado outbreak definitions, a similar spatial pattern emerges indicating that tornadic activity in the American South exhibits a distinct geographic character. Sherman-Morris et al. provide a novel analysis of the parasocial relationship between broadcast meteorologists and members of the public in the context of a real-world weather event. Specifically, Sherman-Morris et al. strive to provide insight on this relationship and determine whether it has any impact or effect on an individual's hurricane risk perception or protective behaviors (i.e., evacuation decisions). Their work discovers that there is no statistical relationship between an individual's parasocial relationship with their broadcast meteorologist and their hurricane risk perception or hurricane protective behavior. Their article explores the reasons for this surprising result—including changes in the media landscape, and weathercasters' different roles in different extreme weather events. Curtis et al. integrate a variety of methodologies to identify the best locations in North Carolina to convert agricultural land into sites with utility-scale photovoltaic panels, hence the term "solar farms." Using a food-water-energy approach, the authors show that the conversion of cultivated landscapes with solar farms results in both the production of a renewable energy source and improvements in water quality because of the removal of cropping. Curtis et al.'s innovative approach identifies locations where all three criteria favorable for solar farms exist. Thus, sites with an abundance of agricultural land, engaging in cropping practices most likely to result in water-quality degradation, and near transmission lines are considered the most viable for conversion. McDade et al. address the consequences of eastern hemlock mortality on large woody debris (LWD) loads in headwater stream environments of the southern Appalachians. [End Page 3] Since the introduction of the non-native hemlock woolly adelgid in 1954, eastern hemlock forests of the American South that prefer riparian zones have significantly declined and woody debris from the trees have impacted stream geomorphology. McDade et al. address this emerging issue by focusing on three headwater watersheds in North Carolina and found that greater hemlock mortality was associated with higher LWD loads but the effects of this decline on streamflow has not yet peaked. meet the team Volume 60 Issue 1 marks the beginning of our four-year term as co-editors of the Southeastern Geographer. As long-time members of SEDAAG and graduates of the University of Georgia, our appreciation of the importance of the journal is deep-rooted and we hope to continue the high standards of the journal. We are grateful for the help from the outgoing editorial team of Hilda Kurtz, Deepak Mishra, Nancy O'Hare, Christian Petterson, and Andy Walter, each whom was generous with their time assisting us through the transition. We also thank them for their numerous contributions to the journal, including implementing ScholarOne, which has substantially facilitated the review process. As they noted at the beginning of their term four years ago, serving as editors is an honor—a sentiment we share. Our role as editors will be to encourage submission of high-quality articles focusing on geographical aspects of the American South that includes both events and conditions. Likewise, we wish to continue to elevate readership and publish articles that will be cited often. In reviewing past issues of the Southeastern Geographer, we remarked on the number excellent articles on a wide variety of topics and the...

Exploration on development mode of material and energy circulating metabolism on university campus:a case study of Chang’an campus of Northwest Polytechnical University

Every university campus usually bears the living consumption of materials and energy for thousands of people, and the linear metabolism aggravates the waste of materials and energy,and worsens the environmental pressure. However,the university campus can provide the additional site for the cycle facilities of the material and energy because of its abundant occupied land and low building density.Hence,the Chang’an campus of northwest polytechnic university will be studied as a typical case,and the development mode of material and energy circulating metabolism will be explored on the basis of the perspective of architecture and the focus point of material and energy circulating metabolism.The findings in this study will provide a new insight into developing the ecological mode of colleges and universities, thus propose a new solution to the ecological crisis.

Assessment of Potential Suitable Surface Irrigation Area in Borkena River Catchment, Awash Basin, Ethiopia

Although Ethiopia has abundant land for irrigation, only a fraction of its potential land is being utilized and the economy of the country subjected to a direct impact of climate change. So, assessment of land suitability for irrigation purpose is important to utilize the land resources efficiently and for the sustainable production of crops and food security of the ever increasing people in the country especially the study area. This study was initiated to assess the land resources which is potentially suitable for surface irrigation in Borkena watershed by using Geographic Information System (GIS). To identify the land which is suitable for irrigation purpose, the following factors such as soil type, slope, land use/cover and distance from water supply (sources) were taken into account and classified based on the FAO guideline for land evaluation in to S1, S2, S3 and N suitability classes independently. The final existing and potentially irrigable land was identified by weighting overlay these factors of suitability. The suitability analysis of the parameters indicates that 90.65% of slope, 72.03% of soil depth, 94.73% distance from a water source of the study area, 100% soil drainages and 100% of soil texture were identified in the range of highly suitable (S1) to marginal suitable (S3) for surface irrigation. But, when all the above physical suitable area determination factors were weighted together using weighted overlay in Arc GIS software by restricted other land use/cover for irrigation development without agricultural land indicates only 16.13% highly suitable (S1), 47.12% moderately suitable (S2), 31.58 marginally suitable (S3) and 5.17% non-suitable (N) area for surface irrigation development.

Rural livelihoods and agricultural commercialization in colonial Uganda: conjunctures of external influences and local realities

Rural livelihoods and agricultural commercialization in colonial Uganda: conjunctures of external influences and local realities

Factor endowments and international trade: a study of land embodied in trade on the Baltic Sea region, 1750–1856

AbstractBaltic trade is one of the key examples of flourishing economic activity in early modern European history. This study empirically outlines the role of comparative resource advantages between 1750 and 1856, using trade data from the Sound Toll Registers Online. On the one hand, the results show the significance of relative land abundance for trade patterns between the Baltic Sea region and North-Western Europe: the land abundant Baltic Sea region was overall exporting more land-intensive commodities. On the other hand, however, the results also show a seeming paradox: increasing trade openness during the nineteenth century was not associated with a higher degree of specialization along these comparative advantages.

Biomass assessment of floating aquatic plant <em>Eichhornia crassipes</em> - a study in Batticaloa Lagoon, Sri Lanka using sentinel 2A satellite images

Batticaloa Lagoon is one of the estuaries in the country which is frequently affected by floating aquatic plants; mainly Eichhornia crassipes. The present study aimed to develop a relationship between field measured and satellite derived biomass that can satisfactorily estimate the spatial distribution of green and dry biomass of the floating aquatic plants in Batticaloa Lagoon. Cloud free six Sentinel-2A images were acquired for the period of March 2017 to February 2018. Real time field measurements of biomass of floating aquatic plants were obtained in 12 locations in two weeks interval. A buffer zone of 3 km was created around the lagoon to obtain Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) distribution to study the influence of surrounding LULC on floating aquatic plants. A number of band ratios and indices were developed using Sentinel-2A images to establish relationships with the field estimated biomass. The LULC analysis revealed that paddy was the abundant land use in the study area and the cultivation was highly seasonal which impacts the distribution of floating aquatic plants in dry and wet seasons. Among 21 tested band ratios and indices, normalized difference red edge index (NDREI, r2=0.78) and band ratio B8/B (r2=0.67) for the green biomass and band ratio B3/B4 (r2=0.73) and NDREI-Narrow (r2=0.61) for the dry biomass in dry and wet season showed strong positive correlation with field biomass. The temporal distribution of the estimated biomass also confirmed the potential of Sentinel-2A images to be used as a source of data for monitoring of floating aquatic plants in the lagoon due to high spatial and spectral resolution of NIR and Red edge bands. These estimated biomass maps can be used to identify the locations which are affected by aquatic plants in order to take proper control measures.

Moderating Effect of Planning on the Relationship between Administration of Devolved Water Services and Water Provision in Arid and Semi-Arid Lands in Kenya

The Government of Kenya introduced Sessional Paper no 10 in 1965 that stated that for the economy to grow as a whole and as fast as possible, development money should be invested where it will yield the largest increase in net output. It further stated that this approach favored development of areas with abundant natural resources, good land and rainfall, transport and power facilities and people receptive to and active in development. For many years, this statement guided direction of government resources hence neglecting ASAL areas. Even though, and with promulgation of Constitution (2010), Kenya as a water scarce country did devolve water provision to counties, the question of whether administration of devolved water services has assisted in solving challenges related to water provision as desired and anticipated by target six (6) of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as well as Kenya’s Vision 2030 still remain unresolved. The purpose of this study was therefore to establish the moderating effect of planning on the relationship between administration of devolved water services and water provision in ASAL in Kenya. The study used positivism research orientation.Cross- sectional survey research design was adopted. The target population entailed the 113 sub-counties in ASAL where a sample of 89 sub-counties was targeted. Questionnaire helped in collecting primary data. Secondary data collection was done via desk study. planning has a significant moderating effect on the relationship between administration of devolved water services and health-care service delivery in Arid and Semi-Arid Lands in Kenya given that ΔR2 = 0.003, ΔF(1, 70) = 25.1907, b = 0.763, t(72) = 5.824, p-Value=0.000 < 0.05. Findings of this study would contribute useful information that would help in the formulation of an action plan for sustainable water management and conservation in the devolved systems in ASAL in Kenya and the entire country in general. From the findings, the study recommended the need to improve water conservation, protection of catchments and water sources. It should be ensured that there is effective, efficient and sustainable management of both urban and rural water services.

Review on Factors Affecting Production and Marketing of Spices in Ethiopia

Spices are produced in different agro-ecologies of Ethiopia that generate income for producers and traders involved in marketing. They are very important cash crops used for food flavor and medication purpose. Even though, their importance the sector is constrained by different factors. The objectives of this review paper are to review factors affecting production of spices, to review factors affecting marketing of spices and to review opportunities of spices production in Ethiopia. Traditional way of farming, absence of seeds and planting materials, high frequency of weeding, high input requirement, high input cost, lack of drying facility, taking long time to dry, shortage of access to credit and extension, different disease and pests, wild animal competition, poor quality of output, absence of proper post harvest handling practices and others are factors affecting production of spices in Ethiopia. Low output price, poor market access and imperfect market information, capital constraints, limited processing of spices, adulteration, mismatch between demand and spices, transportation problems, unlicensed traders, theft, low government support, lack of value addition, price volatility, weak market research and promotion, poor market infrastructure, lack of effective linkage of stakeholders, lack of capacity building, low bargaining power of producers, limited ability of producers to enter in market due to limited time, skill, and resources are some of the factors that affect spices marketing in Ethiopia. Ethiopia is suitable area for spices production due to suitable climate condition and presence of various agro-ecologies, abundant land, cheap labor and favorable policy environment. By reducing different production and marketing constraints the country can boost production and become competitor in the world spices market within a short period of time. Keywords: Spices; constraints; opportunities DOI : 10.7176/JBAH/9-6-02 Publication date :March 31 st 2019

Evaluation of carrying capacity and spatial pattern matching on urban-rural construction land in the Poyang Lake urban agglomeration, China

Land carrying capacity is one of the important research fields for land management and sustainable use. Urban-rural construction land is an essential component of land use type, the rationality of whose structure and layout is crucial to the sustainable use of land. Here, we executed the evaluation of the suitability of urban-rural construction land development, accounted the bearable critical threshold of urban-rural construction land, calculated the bearable abundance of urban-rural construction land, and compared with the current urban-rural construction land, analyzed the matching of the space layout, and then obtained the remaining development intensity of each county (city or district) of the Poyang Lake urban agglomeration. The results showed that the most suitable, more suitable, less suitable and unsuitable area about the evaluation results of urban-rural construction land development suitability were 3130.62, 2477.29, 867.03 and 29509.14 km2, respectively. The bearable critical threshold of urban-rural construction land (developable strength) was 16.6%, and the value of each county (city, district) was 7.7%-100%. The abundance of urban-rural construction land in each county (city, district) was mainly 0.15-1.30. The remaining development intensity was 12.3%, and the spatial matching degree was 0.76. The remaining develo-pment intensity of each county (city, district) was 4.9%-53.5%, and the spatial matching degree of each county (city, district) was 0.11- 1.00, with a wide range. Our results would help to clarify the relationship between the current development status and the rational development status, which could provide a basis for the refined management of urban-rural construction land and the regulatory policies' formulation of spatial pattern optimization.

El Dorado (1988), de Carlos Saura: fusión de mito utópico y de realidad

The discovery of the novus orbis brought with it the clash of two cultures, one of them subaltern –the indigenous or American– and another dominant –the Spanish and, by extension, the European–. The latter projected on the new continent, characterized by an untamed nature, human beings uncivilized according to the eurocentric version and fertile resources, their cravings for power and wealth. The image of America as a land of abundance caused many conquerors and expeditionaries to launch themselves in search of mythical places to prosper socially and economically, among the city of El Dorado. Their adventures have been recreated in some cases in the cinema from different proposals, such as the one of Carlos Saura, which focuses on the failed business of Pedro de Ursua and Lope de Aguirre, because they did not find the desired place.

Application of Lagging Village Mapping And Pre-Prosperous Family Using Back Propagation Algorithm In Bathin III Ulu District Bungo District Jambi Province

Lagging villages are areas that are generally located in districts that are relatively underdeveloped and have relatively underdeveloped populations compared to other regions on a national scale. Batin III Ulu District Bungo has 9 (nine) villages which have promising space potential including abundant forest resources, natural tourism, agricultural land and plantations. Village development has not yet had an optimal impact and there are still disadvantaged families in each village in Bathin III Ulu Subdistrict. Development of application mapping of disadvantaged villages and underprivileged families in Bathin III Ulu Subdistrict, Bungo District, Jambi Province is a qualitative research that aims to support the government in accelerating the implementation of services for underdeveloped villages and underprivileged families. Automated learning stage to determine mapping of disadvantaged villages and underprivileged families through the application of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) as an adaptive system to model complex relationships between input and output to find patterns in the data and collaboration with Leaflet.Js as a library used for making thematic spatial maps that can emphasize priority objects to be addressed immediately. The application is built on a web-based basis so that users can easily access it anywhere and anytime as a reference in determining future development policies.

Biomarker Composition of Some Oil Seeps from West Sulawesi, Indonesia

DOI: 10.17014/ijog.5.3.211-220A suite of oil seep samples collected from the Lariang and Karama Basins, West Sulawesi, Indonesia, have been analyzed using GC and GCMS techniques. Their biomarker compositions have been used to reveal the likely source rock that produces oil. These oil seep samples contain a range in both the concentration of hydrocarbons present and certain level of biodegradation experienced. All sterane m/z 217 data display a familiar pattern of steranes with carbon numbers from 27 to 29 together with pregnane and homo-pregnanes, including rearranged steranes. Triterpane (m/z 191) data show a moderate content of tricyclic terpanes (Tri/C30H), medium to high ratio of norhopane/hopane (C29/C30), and medium to high abundant land plan marker such as resin bicadinanes(Bic/C30H) and oleananes (Ol/C30H). The presence of high abundant oleananes in these samples has been interpreted as the evidence for a marine influence during early diagenesis that may occur by marine or via re-deposition of peat organics in marine sediments. Hence, these results state that the organic matter facies for their source rock oil seep samples from the West Sulawesi region are detected as mixed between allochthonous macerals from typical terrestrial higher plants transported into the basin from distal swamps and soils and some marine organic matter.

ANALISIS KETERSEDIAAN FASILITAS UMUM TERHADAP KEPUASAN PENGHUNI KOMPLEK PERUMAHAN BEUTARI PERMAI DESA BAYU KECAMATAN DARUL IMARAH KAB. ACEH BESAR

The Bayu Village is one of the villages located in Darul Imarah Sub-district, Aceh Besar District, the Aceh Province. The abundance of vacant land in Bayu Village, prompting the desire of investors to be converted into the development of a housing residential. Based on the observation, public facilities in Beutari Permai residential are still inadequate, such as mosque, Green Open Space (GOS), and garbage station. Limited public facilities provided by developers could lead to lack of satisfaction from home buyers (users). This study aims to analyze the relationship and influence between the availability of public facilities to the satisfaction of residents of Beutari Permai residential. Further, analyzing the effect of the availability of public facilities on the satisfaction of the residents of Beutari Permai residential is performed. This research uses qualitative method through observation and interview, and quantitative method through questionnaires survey data. Target respondents in this study are residents of housing consist of 51 respondents. Statistical methods used in data processing are validity and reliability test. While data analysis consists of descriptive statistics, simple correlation, and multiple linear regression. The statistical analyses performed by using Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) software. The results show that drainage and road facilities have a very high relationship, drinking water facilities have a sufficient relationship, sanitation facilities have a low relationship, while the electricity network facilities have a very low relationship to the satisfaction of the residents of Beutari Permai residential. The availability of public facilities consisting of roads, sanitation, drainage, drinking water and electricity networks have a positive effect on the satisfaction of residents of the Beutari Permai residential. The availability of public facilities consisting of road facilities, sanitation, drainage, drinking water, and electricity network simultaneously has contributed 82.4% to the satisfaction of residents of the Beutari Permai residential.

Soil quality assessment in Yellow River Delta: Establishing a minimum data set and fuzzy logic model

The Yellow River Delta has abundant land resources, but the land exhibits heavy degeneration because of long-term exposure to harsh natural conditions and improper human activities, and the soil quality is poor in some areas. All these factors have adversely affected agricultural development and ecological protection in the Yellow River Delta. This study selected multiple physical and chemical indicators and used principal component analysis (PCA) to construct a minimum data set (MDS) to determine a comprehensive set of indicators for assessing soil quality in the Yellow River Delta. Moreover, a fuzzy logic model was used to assess soil quality and analyze the spatial distribution of the primary land use types in different soil quality grades. The results indicate that the MDS includes six soil indicators: total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK), soil organic matter (SOM), soil salinity (SS) and pH. According to the spatial distribution maps of the indicators, SS gradually declined from the coast to the inland areas, while TN and AP had opposite characteristics. AK and pH were evenly distributed around the study area, and SOM was highest in the center and gradually declined toward the edge of the study area. The soil quality was higher in inland areas than in coastal areas, and most of the study area was classified as grade III. Most of the farmland, forest, and garden plots were distributed in high-grade soil levels, but some of these plots were distributed in areas classified as grades V or VI. Many areas with high soil quality were unused, which indicated that the land resources of the study area should be planned reasonably.

Does one size fit all? Place-neutral national planning policy in England and its impact on housing land supplies and local development plans in North East England

This article examines the impact of the National Planning Policy Framework’s requirement that all local planning authorities in England should strive to achieve a robust supply of housing land to satisfy demand for housing development for a minimum of five years. Conceptually the paper challenges the orthodox place-neutral view propounded by UK central government (and many major housing developers) that a bottleneck in land supply caused by deficiencies in the local (plan-led) planning system is the central barrier to unblocking housing supply in all parts of the country. Theoretically, we contend that the five-year land supply requirement within the National Planning Policy Framework is an example of a spatially place-neutral policy approach that does not comprehend the place-based nuances in local and regional land and housing markets in England. Empirically, it explores a case study of all 12 local planning authorities in the North East of England, to question whether a uniform ( one size fits all) approach to identifying a five-year supply of land for housing development across England is effectual. Analysis of empirical data validates concerns that in some peripheral localities, other variables constrain housing deliverability more significantly than land supply, issues such as limited mortgage and development finance, an abundance of brownfield land, negative place-based stigma and development viability concern. The research concludes that centrally defined, inflexible, place-neutral planning policy is a significant impairment to some local planning authorities in the North of England achieving up-to-date local plans.