Lampides Boeticus Research Articles

A nappali lepkefauna vizsgálata Székesfehérváron (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera)

The butterfly fauna of Szekesfehervar and the neighbouring plains, Mezőfold has not been wellknown until now, because only few lepidopterologists and collectors worked in the area and the number of publications was low. The author has been observing butterflies and recording data since the late 1980s and together with the data collected by Kalman Szeőke the number of species ever recorded in Szekesfehervar is currently 101, of which 43 are protected by the law. The most significant species are the strictly protected Colias chrysotheme, Maculinea nausithous, which reaches its southeastern area border in Hungary in this area and the very rare mediterranean vagrant species, Lampides boeticus. The present-day occurrences of Parnassius mnemosyne, Zerynthia polyxena, Lycaena dispar rutilus, Maculinea teleius and Spialia orbifer are also worth mentioning.

Identification of resistant cowpea sources for pod borer complex

Eighty one cowpea accessions were screened under field conditions for resistance or tolerance to pod borers i.e., spotted pod borer, Maruca vitrata, gram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera and blue butterfly, Lampides boeticus. The accessions were screened for three seasons i.e., kharif 2013, rabi 2013 and summer 2014. Among these, it was observed that the fifteen accessions showed stable resistance levels to all the pod borers and over all the seasons studied. VCP-09-022 was completely free from H. armigera; and VCP-09-025, VCP-09-028, CGD 195, CGD 15 and CP 2 showed <1% damage. Damage by M.vitrata was less (2%) in VCP-09-023 followed by VCP-09-022, VCP-09-032, CGD 195 and CP 2; and blue butterfly with <1% damage with the entries, VCP-09-022, CGD 195 and CP 2. Mean cumulative pod borer damage was 5% in VCP-09-022 (3%), CGD 195 (4%) and CP 2 (3.7%). The entries with multiple resistance to all the three pod borers were VCP-09-022, CGD 195 and CP 2.

Butterflies (Lepidoptera) of the Republic of the Marshall Islands

Abstract: Five butterfly species are reported from the Republic of the Marshall Islands: Badamia exclamationis, Danaus plexippus, Hypolimnas bolina, Junonia villida, and Lampides boeticus; the last requires corroboration. None is endemic to the Marshalls. All are widely distributed in the Pacific, and some well beyond. Hypolimnas bolina is the most common species in the Marshalls. It was recorded, often in large numbers, on all islands surveyed during the study reported here, and on all islands in the Marshalls where butterflies were previously recorded. Additional surveys of butterflies elsewhere in the Marshall Islands will doubtless result in many new locality records, but few additional species are likely to be added to the current list. Small island size together with limited habitat diversity, limited host-plant availability, and distance from potential source populations contribute to the paucity of species on these remote Pacific islands.

In-Vivo and field evaluation of spinetoram 12 SC against Lampides boeticus on pigeonpea

The young larvae of L. boeticus damage flowers and pods. A new biological insecticide molecule, spinetoram 12 SC was evaluated for acute toxicity on greenhouse environment reared L. boeticus and persistence on pigeonpea pods at laboratory; and effect on L. boeticus on pigeonpea at field conditions during 2012-2013 and 2013-2014. Acute toxicity studies revealed that LC50‘s of spinetoram on third instar larvae after 24, 48 and 72 hours after treatment were 6.71, 2.23 and 1.28 ppm respectively. In persistence studies, spinetoram 12 SC 27 g a.i./ha was upto 11 DAT and 14 DAT for spinetoram 12 SC 36 and 45 g a.i./ha. More than 50 per cent mortality was observed in spinetoram 12 SC at 45 g a.i./ha upto 9 DAT, spinetoram 12 SC at 27 and 36 g a.i./ha, spinosad 45 SC 78 g a.i./ha and emamectin benzoate 5 SG at 11 g a.i./ha upto 7 DAT, monocrotophos 36 SL at 500 g a.i./ha upto 5 DAT, respectively. Results indicated that spinetoram 12 SC was significantly effective at 36 and 45 g a.i./ha when sprayed thrice at 15 days interval and minimized the incidence of L. boeticus on pigeonpea plants and increases the grain yield. All the spinetoram doses did not show any phytotoxic symptoms on pigeonpea plants.

Field evaluation of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) germplasm for resistance against pod borer complex

Field evaluation of 44 mungbean Vigna radiata (L.) germplasm was carried out during kharif and rabi 2012 for screening against resistance to pod borer complex. The population of legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata (Geyer) larva was assessed at flowering stage. The damage in the pods were estimated in the harvested pods for different borer pests viz., M. vitrata, gram pod borer Helicoverpa armigera (Hub.), blue butterfly Lampides boeticus L., pod bug Riptortus sp. Based on cumulative pod damage, Pest Score Index (PSI) was worked out for all the germplasm. The results revealed that population of legume pod borer larva were more during kharif (0.33- 3.75/plant) than rabi (0.13-1.50/plant) season. The damage based scoring, PSI indicated that none of the mungbean germplasm was recorded as resistant. However, five entries were moderately resistant with PSI 3 during kharif. In rabi season two entries were recorded as moderately resistant. Four germplasm viz., KM 2-B, NPM 3-1, VGG 90, VGG 04-016 grouped as moderately resistant in both seasons with consistency in their level of resistance against pod borer complex.

Genetic linkage mapping of loci conferring resistance to Blue butterfly (Lampides boeticus L.) and Plume moth (Exelastis atomosa Wals.) on chromosome 2 (CcLG02) in Pigeonpea

Inheritance of host resistance to blue butterfly (PBB1) and plume moth (PPM1) in interspecific mapping populations (F2, F3 and BC1) derived from a cross involving Cajanus cajan (cv. ICP-26) × Cajanus scarabaeoides (acc. ICPW-94) appeared to be under monogenic control either by a single major gene or a cluster of tightly linked genes. Bulked segregant analysis using 237 [85 simple sequence repeats (SSR), 143 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and nine inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR)] parental polymorphic primers led to the identification of 43 markers that distinguished the resistant and susceptible bulks alike to parents, and which were also segregating among F2 progenies. Linkage analysis of these markers along with interaction phenotype score for both traits generated a linkage group consisting of 11 markers (two SSR, seven RAPD and two ISSR) and two trait loci (PBB1 and PPM1). This linkage group distributed over 133.9 cM with an average marker interval of 10.3 cM. The PBB1 and PPM1 loci were linked to each other by 11.2 cM (rf 0.110), and were flanked by ISSR marker UBC8722000 (15.9 cM), and RAPD marker OPA09910 (15.3 cM), respectively. On the basis of sequence homology of linked marker OPA09910 these two loci were assigned to chromosome 2 (CcLG02). Composite interval mapping led to the detection of two major quantitative trait loci (qPBB2.1 and qPPM2.1) controlling blue butterfly and plume moth resistance, respectively and the quantitative trait locus peaks coinciding with PBB1 and PPM1 loci on the map.

Developmental stages of Lampides boeticus (Lepidoptera : Lycaenidae) and their association with the host plant Lupinus nanus (Fabaceae)

Developmental stages in the life cycle of lycaenid butterfly, Lampides boeticus (Lepidoptera : Lycaenidae) and their association with the host plant (Lupinus nanus) (Fabaceae) were examined both in the laboratory under 29 ± 3ºC temperature with RH 78 ± 2% and field conditions. The oviposition behaviour, incubation and larval‐pupal period of the butterfly and its association with L. nanus were studied. The host plant association and duration of developmental stages were given importance. Duration of life cycle (egg to adult) was 19 ‐ 21 days. Eggs, four larval instars and pupal stages were distinct. Lampides boeticus was found deeply associated with L. nanus to complete its life cycle. This association with host plant was characterized and evidenced by the use of host leaves, flowers, buds and seeds ( pods) both in the larval (11 ‐ 13 days) and pupal (4 ‐ 6 days) stages. The incubation period, different larval instars and pupal stage were found to be associated deeply with the phenological phases of the host plant.&#x0D; Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 24(1): 43-52, 2015 (January)

A preliminary checklist of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhophalocera) of Mendrelgang, Tsirang District, Bhutan

The survey was conducted to prepare a preliminary checklist of butterflies of Mendrelgang, Bhutan. Butterflies were sampled from February 2012 to February 2013 to assess the species richness in a degraded forest patch of a sub-tropical broadleaf forest. This short-term study recorded 125 species of butterflies in 78 genera from five families. Of these, Sordid Emperor Apatura sordida Moore, Black-veined Sergeant Athyma ranga ranga Moore, Sullied Sailor Neptis soma soma Linnaeus, Blue Duke Euthalia durga durga Moore, Pea Blue Lampides boeticus Linnaeus and Chocolate Albatross Appias lyncida Cramer are listed in Schedule II of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act (IWPA) 1972. This study provides the baseline data of butterfly species richness of Mendrelgang.

Lampides Boeticus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) Preys on Cocoons of its Own Specific Parasitoid Cotesia Specularis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

We present observations and experimental evidence for a new type of parasitoid-host interaction. In the Lampides boeticus (Lepidoptera) - Cotesia specularis (Hymenoptera) system, larvae of the former species readily kill and consume the parasitoid cocoons they find. Potential effects at both the individual and population levels are briefly outlined.

IMPACT OF BIOPESTICIDES APPLICATION ON POD BORER COMPLEX IN ORGANICALLY GROWN FIELD BEAN ECOSYSTEM

ABSTRACT The investigation was carried out at the Agriculture Research Station, Balajigapade, Chickaballapura district during kharif season 2009. The evaluated biopesticides were NSKE (5%), HaNPV (250 LE/ha), Bt (1kg/ha), neem oil (2%), Panchagavya (3%), Clerodendron + Cow urine extract (10%) and sequential spray of HaNPV-Bt -NSKE, Bt-NSKE-HaNPV and NSKE-HaNPVBt. FYM (9.5 t ha-1) and bio-digester liquid (6,500 l ha-1) were applied to organic plots. Sequential spray of insecticidal spray (Carbaryl-Endosulfan-Malathion) and recommended dose of FYM (7 tha-1), fertilizer (25:50:25 kg NPK ha-1) were applied to inorganic plot. Pod borers viz., Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), Maruca testulalis Geyer, Exelastis atomosa Walshinghan, Sphenarches caffer Zeller, Etiella zinkenella (Treitschke), Lampides boeticus Linnaeus, Adisura atkinsoni Moore emerged as serious pests during cropping period. Sequential spray of insecticides carbarylendosulfan-malathion applied at 45, 55 and 70 DAG, respectively recorded less insect pests abundance. Among biopesticides, sequential application of NSKE-HaNPV-Bt was effective against insect pests. HaNPV was effective against H. armigera larvae, but ineffective to other pod borers. Panchagavya and clerodendron + cow urine extract were ineffective in reducing the pod borer incidence. Among biopesticides treated plots, sequential application of NSKE-HaNPV-Bt recorded higher grain yield (10.01qha-1) whereas, package of practices followed treatment (inorganic plot) recorded 11.37 qha-1 grain.

Infectivity of Steinernema mushtaqi (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) against insect pests and their mass production

The infectivity of entomopathogenic nematode (EPN), Steinernema mushtaqi was tested against legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata, tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura, blue butterfly, Lampides boeticus, red hairy caterpillar, Amsacta moorei, brown bug, Clavigralla gibbosa, mealy bug, Centrococcus somatics, fruit borer, Earias vittella and green bug, Nezara viridula larvae and in vivo mass production of the above-tested species of EPN have been carried out during 2008. S. mushtaqi was found to be more pathogenic to A. moorei, as it brought about 100% mortality within 48 h, than to S. litura, L. boeticus, N. viriduala and E. vittella, as mortality occurred within 72 h; whereas this level of mortality was recorded in C. somatis, C. gibbosa and M. vitrata within 144 h. No mortality was observed in the control treatment. Multiplication of S. mushtaqi and the yield of infective juveniles (IJs) on these insects was the highest (0.94 × 105 IJs/cadaver) from N. viriduala, followed by S. litura (0.76 × 105 IJs/cadaver), L. boeticus as also C. gibbosa (0.31 × 105 IJs/cadaver) and M. vitrata (0.20 × 105 IJs/cadaver). Very poor populations of IJs were found from A. moorei (0.15 × 105 IJs/cadaver) and C. somatics (0.01 × 105 IJs/cadaver). No multiplication of IJs was found from the cadaver of E. vittella. This opens a new hope of utilising S. mushtaqi in the insect pests management programme.

EFFECT OF BIOINOCULANTS ON SUCKING PESTS AND POD BORER COMPLEX IN URDBEAN

ABSTRACT Pulse crops are damaged by an array of pest complex and yield reduction due to insect pests is one of the major constraints for low productivity. Use of microbial bioinoculants can substitute the conventional pesticide use in short duration crops like urdbean, mungbean and cowpea. In the present study, the bioinoculants such as Beauveria bassiana and Pseudomonasfluorescens talc formulations (10g/kg seed &amp; 2ml/lit) were tested against whitefly Bemisia tabaci, leaf hopper Empoasca kerri, legume pod borer Maruca vitrata and flea beetle Madurasia obscurella. The damage by M.vitrata, gram pod borer Helicoverpa armigera, blue butterfly Lampides boeticus and pod bugs was also recorded. The results of two year experiments revealed that significant effect was observed in the bioinoculants applied plots on the sucking insects and pod borer complex. The P. fluorescens seed treated plots had lower whitefly population compared to B.bassiana treated plots and untreated check. The foliar application of B.bassiana showed good results on the pod borer complex. The damage by M. vitrata, H. armigera, L. boeticus was low in the harvested pods as against the untreated control. The damage by pod bugs was also low in the B.bassiana applied plants. The yield in different treatments was recorded and the highest yield was recorded in chemical treated plots followed by bioinoculants treated plots.

MANAGEMENT OF INSECT PESTS OF VIGNA RADIATA (L.) WILCZEK

Investigation on the evaluation of certain management schedules against major insect pests of Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek, was carried out for two crop seasons (July to October 2001 and 2002) at the Agronomy Farm and the Department of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology of Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture & Technology, Udaipur, India. The efficacy of Azadirachta indica A. Juss oil and malathion, as first application against aphids, jassids and whiteflies was significantly lower under sole crop of V. radiataI than when it was inter-cropped with maize during both years (2001 and 2002). Among the different treatment schedules as third application, endosulfan was most effective against the pod borers (Maruca testulalis Geyer and Lampides boeticus L.) in both sole crop and the intercrop. During the two-year study (2001 and 2002), the maximum yield of maize and green gram in the inter-cropped pattern and that as sole crop of green gram, as well as the maximum rupee equivalent yield value was recorded for the management schedule comprising release of Chrysoperla carnea 25 DAS, spray of A. indica oil 40 DAS and endosulfan 55 DAS. The lowest yield of V. radiata was recorded under the management schedule comprising three release of Chrysoperla carnea Stephen at 25, 40 and 55 DAS irrespective of the cropping pattern.

Phylogeography and genetic diversity of a widespread Old World butterfly, Lampides boeticus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae).

BackgroundEvolutionary genetics provides a rich theoretical framework for empirical studies of phylogeography. Investigations of intraspecific genetic variation can uncover new putative species while allowing inference into the evolutionary origin and history of extant populations. With a distribution on four continents ranging throughout most of the Old World, Lampides boeticus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) is one of the most widely distributed species of butterfly. It is placed in a monotypic genus with no commonly accepted subspecies. Here, we investigate the demographic history and taxonomic status of this widespread species, and screen for the presence or absence of the bacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia.ResultsWe performed phylogenetic, population genetic, and phylogeographic analyses using 1799 bp of mitochondrial sequence data from 57 specimens collected throughout the species' range. Most of the samples (>90%) were nearly genetically identical, with uncorrected pairwise sequence differences of 0 – 0.5% across geographic distances > 9,000 km. However, five samples from central Thailand, Madagascar, northern Australia and the Moluccas formed two divergent clades differing from the majority of samples by uncorrected pairwise distances ranging from 1.79 – 2.21%. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that L. boeticus is almost certainly monophyletic, with all sampled genes coalescing well after the divergence from three closely related taxa included for outgroup comparisons. Analyses of molecular diversity indicate that most L. boeticus individuals in extant populations are descended from one or two relatively recent population bottlenecks.ConclusionThe combined analyses suggest a scenario in which the most recent common ancestor of L. boeticus and its sister taxon lived in the African region approximately 7 Mya; extant lineages of L. boeticus began spreading throughout the Old World at least 1.5 Mya. More recently, expansion after population bottlenecks approximately 1.4 Mya seem to have displaced most of the ancestral polymorphism throughout its range, though at least two early-branching lineages still persist. One of these lineages, in northern Australia and the Moluccas, may have experienced accelerated differentiation due to infection with the bacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia, which affects reproduction. Examination of a haplotype network suggests that Australia has been colonized by the species several times. While there is little evidence for the existence of morphologically cryptic species, these results suggest a complex history affected by repeated dispersal events.

Efficacy of Safer Management Tools against Major Insect Pests of Tomato and Garden Pea in North,vest Himalayas

Safer management tools against major insect pests of tomato and garden pea have been evaluated for the first time in Kumaon hills of northwest Himlilayas. In tomato, four releases of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii @ 50,000 insects/ha/release at an interval of 10 days from flowering initiation stage against fruit borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) and in garden pea, BSKE ( Batain (Chinaberry, Melia azedarach ) Seed Kernel Extract) (10 %) against pod borers, H. armigera and Lampides boeticus were found most promising. Planting a row of marigold after 10 rows of tomato, application of BSKE. azadirachtin (0.03%), Ha NPV @250 LE/ha, Bacillus thuringiensis @ 1 kg/ha endosulfan (0.07%) have also significantly reduced the major insect pests of tomato and garden pea over control.

A report on the migration of butterflies in Aralam Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala

722 Manuscript received 25 August 2001; Revised manuscript received 28 November 2001; Accepted for publication 2 January 2002 Butterflies are known for their migratory flights. Williams (1938) recorded many migratory flights of butterflies from India and Sri Lanka. He recorded 33 species from the Indian region. Wynter Blyth (1957) listed most frequent migrant species from India: the emigrants, Catopsilia spp., The Common Albatross Appias albina (Boisduval), The Common Crow Euploea core (Cramer), The Blue Tiger Tirumala limniace (Cramer), The Common Tiger, Danaus genutia (Linnaeus), The Lime Butterfly Papilio demoleus Linnaeus, The Great Eggfly Hypolimnas bolina (Linnaeus), The Pea Blue Lampides boeticus (Linnaeus) mainly from Palni Hills, Nilgiri Hills and the Himalaya. The most important observations are those made by Evershed (1910) at Kodaikanal in the Palni Hills and of Larsen (1978, 1987a,b) in the Nilgiris. In the present communication we are presenting an observation of migration at Aralam Wildlife Sanctuary (11o53' N to 75o56' E), Kannur District, northern Kerala, located at the Brahmagiri Hill slopes of the southern Western Ghats.

Distribution and larval behaviour of Lampides boeticus in vegetable lablab

The distribution pattern and larval behaviour of the major flower and pod borer Lampides Boeticus on vegetable lablab were studied in Bangalore, India. The distribution of eggs and bored flower buds were found to be contagious. Most of the flower buds with pin hole damage had small larva (first and second instar) inside them. Flower buds with medium damage had medium larva (third instar). The flower buds and pods with large damage very rarely harboured larva. The medium and large larvae migrated and caused damage to flower buds and pods. Use of larval behaviour in developing a suitable pest management programme is indicated.

Lampides boeticus in the northern part of BOSO district (Chiba Pref.) : (4) variation

Lampides boeticus in the northern part of BOSO district (Chiba Pref.) : (4) variation

ウラナミシジミに関する研究 : II. 房総半島における周年経過と移動を中心にして

In 1954〜1956 the authors practised ecological surveys of the Long-tailed blue, Lampides boeticus L., in the B0so Peninsula of Chiba Prefecture, as the supplemental one to the study published in the previous paper (1954). In this paper they chiefly investigated the annual life cycle of the species and the migration of its adults. The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1. In the frostless region of the peninsula, hibernation of the species was recognized chiefly at stages of larvae and adults in the early seeded fields of broad beans, as well as in the fields of early harvest culture used by vernalized seeds. 2. As one of the most important factors controling the annual prevalence of occurrence of the species, the seasonal arrangement of its host plants (Fig. 2) is pointed out. The typical occurrence curve of adults in every district, classified by three kinds of broad bean culture, is considered as shown in Fig. 4 (A : early harvest culture used by vernalized seeds, B : early seeded culture, C : standard culture). 3. As for Iwase's theory with reference to the migration of adults from the hibernaton region to the northern parts in spring or summer, the authors support the theory from the four reasons. 4. It has been recognized that the flowering season of broad beans and damages in autumn and winter given by larvae have a close correlation.