Laminar Type Research Articles

Study on Variability Production Characteristics of Fracturing Fluid Imbibition Displacement for Typical Shale

Abstract CO2 injection is a prominent measurement to enhance the recovery of shale reservoirs. The imbibition of fracturing fluid + CO2 additive is considered important for promoting the enhancement and stabilization of shale oil production to ensure energy supply. The imbibition experiments of fracturing fluid + CO2 additive were carried out in shale reservoirs with a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) test. The imbibition displacement characteristics at different pore scales of shale were quantitatively evaluated. The variability of the imbibition effects in shale reservoirs was clarified in terms of shale type, fracturing fluid type, and CO2 additive (pressure). This finding indicates that the effectiveness of the fracturing fluid + CO2 additive imbibition on shale reservoirs is stronger, and the imbibition displacement efficiency ranges from 33.38 % to 41.56 %. The imbibition contribution rate is considerably higher for small pores than for large pores, and the difference between them is more than 10%. Therefore, the imbibition of fracturing fluid + CO2 additive mainly extracted crude oil from the small pores of shale reservoirs. CNI nano variable-viscous slippery water is more effective for imbibition displacement in laminar type shale. For laminated type shale, EM30+ + guanidine gum mixed water has a better imbibition effect than CNI nano variable-viscous slippery water. Under 16 MPa CO2 + fracturing fluid (miscible states), the imbibition displacement efficiency of the shale is significantly enhanced. The imbibition displacement degree at different pore scales is also increased. For different types of shale reservoirs, the imbibition displacement degree at different pore scales would be improved by methods, including the optimization of the fracturing fluid or the change of imbibition conditions. This study presents a theoretical underpinning for the high-efficiency exploitation in shale reservoirs.

Development characteristics and controlling mechanism of different microfracture combinations in shale reservoir: A case study of silurian longmaxi formation in Weiyuan area

Fractures in organic-rich shale are important reservoir spaces and seepage channels of shale gas, and they are closely related to the gas-bearing properties of shale. The development characteristics and laws of fractures are of great significance in the exploration and development of shale oil and gas. This study examines organic-rich shales of the Wufeng–Longmaxi Formation in the Weiyuan area of the Sichuan Basin. On the basis of two-dimensional large-area multi-scale combination electron microscopy characterization and digital core platform technology, the development degree and distribution of different fractures are quantitatively characterized. The results show the following. (1) The shale of the Wufeng and Longmaxi formations developed a variety of fractures with different occurrences, sizes, and origins. According to the number and combination relationship between fractures of different occurrences, the shale can be divided into four fracture combination types: horizontal bedding fractures; vein fractures; reticular fractures; and ring fractures. Of these, the horizontal bedding fracture group has the largest number of samples and a higher average fracture surface porosity. (2) The degree of fracture development in the shale is affected by many factors, such as the laminar type, mineral composition, mineral particle size, mineral distribution, and total organic carbon, and the controlling mechanisms of different fracture combination types differ. Factors such as horizontal stratification, high clay mineral content, and uneven mineral particle size are conducive to the development of horizontal bedding joints. (3) Differences in the sedimentary environment affect the variation laws of the vertical fracture combination types and density. The total organic carbon and organic quartz content of the Long111 layer with deeper sedimentary water is higher, and the vein fracture formation is more developed than in other small layers, while the clay mineral content of the Long112 and Long114 layers with shallower sedimentary water is higher and the horizontal layer is more developed; the fracture combination type is dominated by the horizontal bedding fracture combination. At the same time, the fractures at the junction of each layer of the Long11 sub-member are the most developed because sea level rise and fall make the mineral particle size heterogeneity most prominent at the junction of the small layer.

Factors for predicting recurrence after burr hole drainage for chronic subdural hematoma: a retrospective study.

Chronic subdural hematoma (SDH) is a common disease in the neurosurgical field, and hematoma drainage through burr hole trephination has been widely considered the optimal treatment for SDH. Despite numerous investigations aimed at predicting recurrence rates and associated factors, studies have demonstrated inconsistent results. In this study, we aimed to comprehensively determine the predictive factors of chronic SDH recurrence in surgically treated patients. We retrospectively evaluated 578 consecutive patients who underwent single burr hole surgery for chronic SDH at our institute between January 2008 and December 2021. Various clinical and radiological factors in patients with and without recurrence were compared using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. A total of 438 patients (531 hemispheres) were analyzed. Fifty-four (10.17%) of the 531 hemispheres had recurrence of chronic SDH within 6months. Male sex (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 3.48; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.42-8.49), bilateral hematomas (aOR = 2.14; 95% CI, 1.05-4.35), laminar hematoma type (aOR = 2.87; 95% CI, 1.23-6.71), > 30-cm3 volume of postoperative residual hematoma (aOR = 2.99; 95% CI, 1.01-8.83), and preoperative blood glucose level of ≥ 150mg/dL (aOR = 2.11; 95% CI, 1.10-4.05) were identified as independent factors associated with recurrence in multivariate logistic regression analysis. The present study revealed that male patients and those who had bilateral hematomas, laminar hematoma type, a large volume of hematoma after surgery, and a high preoperative blood glucose level had a higher probability of experiencing recurrent chronic SDH. We recommend close monitoring of patients 6months postoperatively to detect subsequent chronic SDH recurrence.

Altered Thalamocortical Signaling in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease.

Activation of the primary motor cortex (M1) is important for the execution of skilled movements and motor learning, and its dysfunction contributes to the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). A well-accepted idea in PD research, albeit not tested experimentally, is that the loss of midbrain dopamine leads to decreased activation of M1 by the motor thalamus. Here, we report that midbrain dopamine loss altered motor thalamus input in a laminar- and cell type-specific fashion and induced laminar-specific changes in intracortical synaptic transmission. Frequency-dependent changes in synaptic dynamics were also observed. Our results demonstrate that loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons alters thalamocortical activation of M1 in both male and female mice, and provide novel insights into circuit mechanisms for motor cortex dysfunction in a mouse model of PD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Loss of midbrain dopamine neurons increases inhibition from the basal ganglia to the motor thalamus, suggesting that it may ultimately lead to reduced activation of primary motor cortex (M1). In contrast with this line of thinking, analysis of M1 activity in patients and animal models of Parkinson's disease report hyperactivation of this region. Our results are the first report that midbrain dopamine loss alters the input-output function of M1 through laminar and cell type specific effects. These findings support and expand on the idea that loss of midbrain dopamine reduces motor cortex activation and provide experimental evidence that reconciles reduced thalamocortical input with reports of altered activation of motor cortex in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Non-glaucomatous Optic Disc Cupping: A Brief Review

Although optic disc cupping is mostly seen in glaucoma patients, it can occur in non-glaucomatous optic neuropathies (NGON). The characteristics of NGON are cupping toxic optic neuropathies, optic neuritis, compressive ischemia, and hereditary nature. The basic components of optic disc cupping are prelaminar and laminar. Prelaminar thinning, which seemed to be non-specific, occurs in all types of retinal ganglion cell axon loss; such as compressive, ischemic, and inflammatory events; glaucoma; and aging. This form of cupping is usually shallow, with less excavation of the optic disc. Laminar type of cupping which is a clinically profound type of cupping, may damage peripapillary scleral and lamina cribrosa. Sometimes experienced clinicians cannot clearly distinguish glaucomatous from non-glaucomatous cupping. The non-glaucomatous optic neuropathy has more neuroretinal rim pallor with less excavation of the disc than in glaucoma. It also involves central visual acuity and color vision in primary levels with visual field defects aligned vertically and respecting the midline. Evaluation of the patient’s medical records, disease presentation, ocular function, and examination are also crucial. Secondary examinations, including visual field examination and optical coherence tomography (OCT) or neuroimaging, facilitate the disease’s differentiation. This review presents the methods of examining a patient with an increased cup-to-disc ratio.

The Incidence And Different Risk Factors For The Recurrence Of Chronic Subdural Hematoma: A Retrospective Study

Background and Aim: Chronic subdural hematoma is a neurosurgical condition that represents degradation of liquefied blood collected abnormally beneath the dura that typically forms within three weeks. The recurrent rates of chronic subdural hematoma after surgery varies from 5% to 30%. However, different risk factors that lead to recurrent chronic subdural hematoma remain debatable. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the incidence and different risk factors for recurrent chronic subdural hematoma.
 Methodology: A retrospective study was conducted on 206 chronic subdural hematoma patients admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar Pakistan for the duration from 1st July 2020 to 30th June 2022. Prior to study conduction, ethical approval was taken from the institute ethical committee. Demographic details, trauma history, surgical intervention types, antithrombotic therapy, surgical drain usage, preoperative symptoms, postoperative symptoms, and clinical outcomes were retrieved from the medical record. SPSS version 25 was used for data analysis. 
 Results: Out of 206 chronic subdural hematoma patients, there were 164 (79.6%) males and 42 (20.4%) females. The overall mean age was 62.9±16.2 years. The prevalence of recurrent chronic subdural hematoma was 28 (13.6%). The incidence of previous head trauma was found in 138 (67%) patients. The prevalence of left-side, right-side, and bilateral hematoma was 82 (39.8%), 58 (28.2%), and 66 (32%) respectively. In terms of hematoma density, the incidence of homogeneous hypo-dense, homogenous iso-dense, homogeneous hyperdense type, laminar type, separated type, and trabecular type were seen in 40 (19.4%), 46 (22.3%), 16 (7.8%), 10 (4.9%), 36 (17.4%), and 58 (28.2%) respectively. The overall mean of drainage time after initial intervention was 1.6± 0.8 days. All the patients underwent successful chronic subdural hematoma surgery.
 Conclusion: The present study found that the prevalence of recurrent chronic subdural hematoma was 13.6%. Male patients are more susceptible to chronic subdural hematoma recurrence compared to female patients. Post-surgery subdural drainage duration and homogeneous hyper-dense hematoma were the independent prognosticator of recurrent chronic subdural hematoma. The risk of recurrence was lower in cases where postoperative drainage of the subdural had longer duration.

Influence of multi-pass friction stir processing on the formation of microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V alloy

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an advanced technology for altering the surface microstructure of metals and alloys to improve mechanical and performance properties. Previous research on titanium alloy processing showed that varying the FSP process parameters (such as rotational speed, movement speed and tool contact force) significantly affects the Ti–6Al–4V microstructure evolution and mechanical properties. However, the effect of multipass FSP on the Ti–6Al–4V alloy was not studied. Therefore, this paper studies the effect of four-pass FSP of the Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy on the microstructure evolution, mechanical properties and wear resistance of this alloy. Microstructure analysis showed that the stirring zone forms heterogeneous microstructure with dynamically recrystallized equiaxed α grains, β grains and β areas with α phase of needle and laminar type, which is associated with the stirring zone temperature gradient during FSP. It was found that an increase in the number of FSP passes up to 3 times improves the ultimate tensile strength (up to 1173 MPa) and wear resistance (by 33 %). The improved ultimate tensile strength of samples after 3 FSP passes is caused by grain size reduction in the stirring zone by 88 % compared to the initial Ti–6Al–4V alloy. It was shown that after 4 FSP passes the grain size increases and the ultimate tensile strength decreases to 686 MPa in the stirring zone, which is associated with large defects formed along the contour of metal flows. At the same time the Ti–6Al–4V wear resistance after 4 FSP passes increases by 39 % compared to the raw material.

Effect of Porosity on the Laminar Condensation Type Thin Film on a Vertical Wall in Forced Convection

Effect of Porosity on the Laminar Condensation Type Thin Film on a Vertical Wall in Forced Convection

Reduction of HC and CO in the Exhaust Gas of Minibus Vehicles by Natural Zeolite

Air pollution due to burning fossil fuels is still an environmental problem today. This paper presents the research results; method of reducing HC and CO in the exhaust gas of minibus vehicles. This method uses a pollutant gas trap (PGT) device, which functions as an adsorption medium, and natural zeolite as an absorbent material. The PGT device is designed in such a way that the zeolite can adsorb HC and CO gases flowing in it. The PGT device consists of a hollow body and supporting equipment arranged in it. The cavity of the PGT device is filled with zeolite granules and can be passed through vehicle exhaust gases. The PGT device consists of laminar and turbulent flow types, while the zeolite grains used are 2.54 mm and 1.27 mm. The PGT-zeolite device is installed at the exhaust end of the vehicle, so that polluting gases are absorbed by the zeolite. The adsorption capability of the PGT-zeolite device was measured with an Automotive-Emission-Analyzer, type NHA-406EN. Turbulence type PGT device, capable of reducing pollutant gases HC ≈ 40% and CO ≈ 42% respectively for the zeolite grain size of 2.54 mm. Meanwhile, the laminar flow type PGT device was able to reduce HC ≈ 36% and CO ≈ 42% gas, respectively for the zeolite grain size of 2.54 mm. The results of this study indicate that the PGT-zeolite device has a very good ability to reduce pollutant gases in the exhaust gas of minibus vehicles. Therefore, it is necessary to continue research on the feasibility of using natural zeolite, as an absorber of polluting gases in other types of vehicles.

Graphite Dendrites in Cast Iron and Their Fundamental Role in the Control of Morphology to Obtain Aero-Eutectic Graphite

This work analyzes the growth of graphite in the eutectic system of gray cast iron, focusing on laminar type A and undercooled type D morphology, and a modified morphology, such as vermicular or compact graphite. The objective of the study is to find an optimal graphite structure, from which a new class of lightweight materials results that has been called aero-eutectic graphite (AEG). The method to obtain AEG consists of dissolving the gray iron ferrous matrix by means of a chemical attack. From experiences of unidirectional solidification, it has been found that laminar graphite grows in a non-faceted way, coupled to austenite, while in vermicular the growth is through foliated dendrites. This characteristic allows vermicular graphite to have a higher specific intrinsic surface area. According to the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, the surface of the vermicular was 106.27 m2 g−1, while those corresponding to type A and D were 83.390 m2 g−1 and 89.670 m2 g−1, respectively. AEG with graphite type D was used as a cathode in Li-O2 batteries with satisfactory results, reaching more than 70 charge and discharge cycles, and 150 cycles at this time and still cycling, using Ru(bpy)3(ClO4)2 as redox mediator.

Bilateral evacuation of bilateral non-acute subdural hematomas - evaluation of postoperative outcomes and complications.

Bilateral finding of non-acute subdural hematomas (NASH) is less common compared to unilateral occurrence. The aim of this study was to evaluate results of surgical treatment of bilaterally treated bilateral NASH. Retrospective analysis of patients, who underwent bilateral surgical evacuation of NASH (2014-2020). This study was conducted to determine the association between the incidence of postoperative complications and outcome, hematoma recurrence and selected risk factors (including volumetric parameters). Correlations between variables were assessed by using Spearman's correlation. Chi-squared test, Student's t-test (unpaired and paired) and one-way ANOVA were used for univariate analysis. Our study included 29 patients with bilateral NASH who underwent bilateral surgical hematoma evacuation. The laminar hematoma type was associated with higher hematoma recurrence rate (p=0.032) and worse clinical outcome (p=0.043). Larger PHV was significantly associated with larger PV after surgery and worse neurological outcome. Larger PHV, PHCV and PV were significantly associated with higher incidence of NASH recurrence (p=0.0008, p=0.0007 and p=0.00006). The laminar hematoma type and larger PHV were significant risk factors for the recurrence of bilateral NASH and worse neurological outcome. Larger PHCV and PV were significantly associated with hematoma recurrence (Tab. 7, Fig. 3, Ref. 24).

Identification of chronic subdural hematoma types most responsive to Goreisan, Kampo medicine: A retrospective study

Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) has a reported postoperative recurrence rate of 3–20% and the optimal therapeutic strategy remains controversial. Recently, in Japan, Goreisan (Kampo medicine) was used for preventing postoperative CSDH recurrence. Therefore, this study aimed to explore if Goreisan is effective against specific CSDH types by evaluating its effects on postoperative CSDH recurrence and reoperation rates based on its natural history and internal structure on CT images. This retrospective, single-center, cohort study was conducted at the Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital. After applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria, data from 107 patients (70 men and 37 women; mean age, 77.1 ± 10.9 years), admitted for CSDH from January 2013 to December 2018, were included in the Goreisan group, whereas those of 122 patients (84 men and 38 women; mean age, 73.9 ± 13.3 years), admitted for CSDH from January 2007 to December 2012, were included in the control group. This corresponded to 114 lesions, with 14 reoperation lesions, in the Goreisan group and 108 lesions, with 16 reoperation lesions, in the control group. Lesions were categorized as homogeneous, laminar, separated, or trabecular type, and patients with homogeneous type lesions in the Goreisan group were approximately 50% less likely to undergo reoperation compared with those in the control group (7.3% versus 14%; odds ratio = 0.51; 95% confidence interval = 0.12–2.11). Thus, the homogeneous type CSDH was the most responsive to Goreisan, whereas the separated type was the least responsive. Therefore, selecting treatment strategies for preventing CSDH recurrence on CSDH type may contribute toward reducing reoperation rates.

Study of liquid-liquid two-phase flow in hydrophilic nanochannels by molecular simulations and theoretical modeling

Multiphase flow in nanoporous media is ubiquitous in geophysics, physical chemistry, and bioengineering. The underlying mechanisms of two-phase flow are of great importance in the prediction of water and oil flow in shale nanoporous media. In this work, we use molecular dynamic simulations to investigate a laminar type oil–water two-phase flow (OW2PF) in quartz nanopores. We find that in nanochannels, due to liquid–liquid slip, the enhancement in oil phase flow may not be neglected. As water film thickness and pore size increase, such enhancement decreases gradually. According to MD results, a new hydrodynamic flow model considering fluid distributions, heterogeneous fluid properties, liquid-wall interaction, and liquid–liquid slip is proposed and compared to MD results and other hydrodynamic flow models. While previous hydrodynamic flow models generally underestimate oil phase flow in a laminar type OW2PF in quartz nanopores, our model shows an excellent agreement with MD simulations for a wide range of pore sizes. Our work could shed some lights into flow mechanism of a laminar type OW2PF in nanoporous media and provide insights into flow modeling development in shale oil exploitation.

New tools in percutaneous minimally invasive chronic subdural hematomas evacuation

BackgroundIncidence of chronic subdural hematomas (cSDH) is expected to progressive rise in the next decades. There is no univocal indication of the approach to be used. Furthermore, there is no data about the efficacy of twist drill craniostomy (TDC) in hematomas with membranes. ObjectiveTo describe our modified technique for TDC in patients affected by cSDH with membranes and in treatment with antiplatelets. MethodsWe analyzed a group of 37 patients, affected by cSDH with membrane (type D laminar membrane and type G trabecular membrane according to Nakaguchi classification), treated with mushroom TDC using a modified technique. ResultsAfter surgery the average maximum thickness of the common postoperative liquoral subdural collection decreased from 18.8 to 6.21 mm. We documented one acute subdural hematoma (2.7%), asymptomatic and not treated, and one recurrence of cSDH (2.7%) after 2 months that needed re-intervention with single burr hole. ConclusionsWe presented a modified twist drill technique, characterized by the introduction of an application of a new device that optimizes both surgical results, clinical outcome and surgical procedure time. The presence of membrane type D and G does not affect the efficacy of drainage, that is negatively related to the presence of clots or acute hematoma. This modified technique is safe, fast, effective and represents a valid first line treatment of an unstable and unpredictable pathology such as cSDH. We suggest performing such technique on a larger patients’ cohort to further validate its effectiveness.

Investigation of producer gas biomass gasification on reciprocated internal combustion engine

Biomass is sustainable and a source for renewable energy to overcome the limitation of fossil fuel. The research used woody pellet feedstock with 0.79 g/cm3 of bulk density and 6 mm diameter in the syngas production. Therefore, downdraft gasifier reactor with a stainless steel pipe 500 mm length and 120 mm inner diameter produced syngas as producer gas. Reciprocated Internal Combustion Engine (R-ICE) was used to drive the syngas production from biomass gasification process with 1800 rpm ± 20 rpm in constant engine speed. The Indication of Mean Effective Pressure (IMEP) and Excess Air Rate (EAR) were applied as the parameters for analyzing the system. Kawasaki FD750 with single cylinder was implemented to test the effect of syngas instability. Oxidizer and fuel for the engine were mixed in the venture which typed Heinzmann, GM 50 to make homogenous fuel. The laminar flow meter type of Sokken, LFE-25B was adapted to measure the intake air flow rate, and the digital ignition system of Altronic, CD200D was used to control the ignition timing. In conclusion, the synthetic gas (syngas) as the main fuel will not be enough to replicate drive on R-ICE.

Development of the concept of recurrent metamodeling to create projects of promising designs of mining machines

In the work on the example of a tunnel erector, the concept of recurrent metamodeling is determined which allows engineering new designs of mining machines. In this case, the metamodel of their entire family is associated with the family of models of machine nodes. The effect of various laws of movement of the erector devices is analyzed and it is proved that its minimum time is observed under conditions of compliance with the U-shaped law. A mathematical model of the hydraulic drive of the erector devices has been developed, which allows, taking into account any options for moving the point mass, to determine the law of control of the movement of the spool of the hydraulic directional control valve (DCV) in relation to the laminar and turbulent type of liquid flow. The erector device metamodel was created using the algorithmic language MATLAB Simulink.

Modeling the mechanical behavior of a kaolin ceramic paste owing to the variation in the particle size

The mechanical behavior of mineral pastes is controlled by minerals of clay origin since their laminar type morphology allows a special configuration of the particles, which allows them to dissipate mechanical forces applied by means of high plastic deformations. In this research, a clay used in the ceramics industry was evaluated and two granulometries called MG 270 (53μm) and MG 325 (43μm) were studied. Simple compression tests were performed to evaluate the mechanical performance of each of these materials. The simple compression data allowed to determine the radial flow of the particles within the control volume (specimens evaluated), the random organization of the clayey material demonstrates a rapid energy dissipation, translated into rapid advances from elastic state to plastic states of deformation. Later, the finite element method (FEM) was used to simulate the possible states of stress and deformation that are produced in ceramic pastes constituted by this type of clay. This allowed to obtain a graphic idea of the distribution of stresses and deformations, areas of stress concentration are evidenced, where it is possible that the start of microcracks occurs, which are generally the cause of generalized fracture and sudden faults of the ceramic paste.

Counting efficiency determination from quantitative intercomparison between expansion and laminar flow type condensation particle counter

Heterogeneous nucleation of supersaturated n-butanol vapor on neutral silver particles of different size has been investigated at variable nucleation temperatures using a fast expansion chamber and a commercial continuous flow type condensation particle counter (CPC). In addition, the theoretical supersaturation profile was calculated for the commercial CPC in order to conflate the results with the measured onset saturation ratio of the expansion type size analyzing nuclei counter (SANC). A comparison of the experimental results of the SANC measurements with the Kelvin equation shows that the heterogeneous nucleation starts below the Kelvin curve. By introducing a correction factor for the Kelvin equation based on the SANC measurements, the theoretical detection efficiency for a laminar flow type CPC could be derived. It was the first time that a validation between theoretical saturation ratio profiles and measurements conducted with different methods to generate supersaturation was achieved. We made the observation that reducing the nucleation temperature generally leads to enhanced counting efficiencies. Consequently, the cutoff diameter of regular butanol CPCs can be significantly reduced by simply lowering the condenser temperature.Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

A Study on the Optimum Propeller at Full Scale Condition, Part 1: Effect of the Reynolds Number on the Open Water Characteristics of Propellers with Laminar Flow Blade Section

The Reynolds number effect on the open water characteristics of a propeller with a laminar type blade section has been studied by CFD and compared with the experiment. At a Reynolds number of model tests, the boundary layer flow over the blade is mostly laminar, while it becomes almost fully turbulent at a full scale Reynolds number. Because of this fact, the Reynolds number effect is very complicated. When the Reynolds number is increased from the model scale to the full scale, the open water efficiency first increases, and then start to decrease because of the transition of the boundary layer. As the boundary layer becomes almost fully turbulent, the open water efficiency again increases with increasing Reynolds number. It has been also shown that the transition Reynolds number of a propeller with laminar type blade section is higher than that of a propeller with MAU type blade section.

Shooting method analysis in wire coating withdrawing from a bath of Oldroyd 8-constant fluid with temperature dependent viscosity

Abstract The most important plastic resins used in wire coating are high/low density polyethylene (LDPE/HDPE), plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC), nylon and polysulfone. To provide insulation and mechanical strength, coating is necessary for wires. Simulation of polymer flow during wire coating dragged froma bath of Oldroyd 8-constant fluid incompresible and laminar fluid inside pressure type die is carried out numerically. In wire coating the flow depends on the velocity of the wire, geometry of the die and viscosity of the fluid.The non-dimensional resulting flow and heat transfer differential equations are solved numerically by Ruge-Kutta 4th-order method with shooting technique. Reynolds model and Vogel’s models are encountered for temperature dependent viscosity. The numerical solutions are obtained for velocity field and temperature distribution. The solutions are computed for different physical parameters.It is observed that the non-Newtonian propertis of fluid were favourable, enhancing the velocity in combination with temperature dependent variable. The Brinkman number contributes to increase the temperature for both Reynolds and Vogel’smodels. With the increasing of pressure gradient parameter of both Reynolds and Vogel’s models, the velocity and temperature profile increases significantly in the presence of non-Newtonian parameter. Furthermore, the present result is also compared with published results as a particular case.