Laminar Box Research Articles

Full-scale seismic response test on a shallow foundation embedded in tire-derived aggregate for geotechnical seismic isolation

This paper presents results from full-scale tests aimed at characterizing the seismic response of shallow foundations embedded in tire derived aggregate (TDA) with large particle size. The high shear strength, low shear modulus, and high damping ratio of TDA with large particle sizes make it ideally suited for low-cost Geotechnical Seismic Isolation (GSI) systems. Unidirectional shake table tests were performed on a single-degree-of-freedom superstructure connected to a 0.46 m-deep concrete strip footing embedded within a 1.89 m-thick TDA layer inside a laminar box. The TDA-footing system was subjected to a series of sine sweep motions with varying amplitudes and frequencies between 0.4 and 10 Hz. Substantial nonlinearity was observed in the moment-rocking response of the footing, where the specimen experienced rocking stiffness softening at moment demands slightly below its moment capacity. While the footing exhibited moderate transient settlement and uplift during dynamic oscillation, it demonstrated low residual settlement. The TDA layer offered the footing an effective recentering system with an average residual recentering ratio of 0.991. In addition to being low-cost, abundant, and recycled, the TDA layer had both favorable energy dissipation and recentering, with better seismic resilience than structural hinging and conventional foundation rocking systems in soil.

CLONAL MICROPROPAGATION OF PAULOWNIA IN VITRO

The purpose of the article – to develop technological methods of clonal micropropagation of paulownia in vitro. Methods. Paulownia plants Paulownia Sieb. et Zucc. were the material for the research. In the course of research, generally accepted methods in plant biotechnology were used. Aseptic work was performed in the laminar box KPG-1. Murashige and Skuga (MS) were used as the basic nutrient medium for the cultivation of isolated buds and micropods. The results. The method of clonal micropropagation based on the culture of isolated apical meristems provides a high reproduction rate, maximum genetic stability and recovery of the resulting regenerating plants. The most effective scheme of sterilization of paulownia is stepwise treatment of plant material with 70% ethanol solution and 1% sodium hypochlorite solution. The yield of sterile explants was 92.5–95.0%, viability – 90.0–97.5%. At the stage of introduction into in vitro culture, the optimal nutrient medium is MS, supplemented with kinetin 1.0 mg/l and GA 0.5 mg/l, at which the reproduction rate was the highest and was 8.7–9.2. At the stage of proper micropropagation, the most intensive proliferation of shoots also occurred on the nutrient medium MS, supplemented with kinetin 1.0 mg/l and GA 0.5 mg/l, which provided the highest reproduction rate – 10.3–12.0. At the stage of rooting of micro-shoots the most optimal was the nutrient medium 1/2 MS, supplemented with a IBА of 0.5 mg/l, at which the frequency of rhizogenesis was 95.0% and formed 5.3–7.8 roots with a length of 78.5–95.2 mm. Stepwise adaptation of plants to in vivo conditions for 40 days in climatic chambers and growing in a greenhouse ensured the yield of seedlings at the level of 85.0–95.0%. Conclusions. On the basis of the carried-out experimental researches methods of clonal micropropagation paulownia in vitro, which are expedient to use for mass production of genetically homogeneous healthy planting material.

Evaluation of dynamic soil-structure interaction effects in buildings with underground stories using 1 g physical experimentation in a transparent shear laminar box

This article presents a study of the Dynamic Soil-Structure Interaction (DSSI) using physical reduced–scale models of a building under different configurations of above-ground and underground stories. Each model was tested in a laminar shear box with a transparent front side. This characteristic of the device makes it possible to visualize the soil particles during the test and acquire data from the soil-structure interaction in a direct and spatially continuous way. A shaking table, an array of 3 high–speed and high–resolution cameras and a tactile dynamic pressure sensor were used. Ricker wavelets, with a wide range of frequencies and amplitudes, were used to evaluate the transfer functions in the system and the seismic response of model. Kinematic interaction effects were evaluated using the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique. It is verified that the experimental system allows a detailed tracking of the dynamic interaction between the building and the surrounding soil. The results show the direct relationship between the frequency content of the input wavelet and the dynamic pressure distribution acting on the underground levels, and the increase of the building’s first vibrating period. In addition, it was found that the distribution and magnitude of the lateral soil thrust is dominated by the superstructure vibration, and not the ground movement. This relationship becomes more important as the slenderness of the building increases, i.e., as the rocking mode of vibration becomes more significant. Additionally, in the case of buildings with basements, our results suggest that the combination of the increased confinement, the interaction of the foundation in terms of motion compatibility and the vibrations transferred from the superstructure to the ground produces an invariable reduction in effective base motion, suggesting that neglecting the effects of DSSI would be a conservative assumption.

PROPOSAL FOR OPTIMIZATION OF BIOMEDICAL FILAMENT PRODUCTION

Filament production is a demanding process, which we decided to optimize by designing a laminar box in this scientific study. From a number of designs, we decided to choose a purposeful design for the future construction of the laminar box. The production of filaments takes place on a filament maker, which must be placed in a laminar box. The laminar box then provides ideal conditions in the production process, such as the optimum ambient temperature, which according to standards should be in the range of 18 to 19 degrees Celsius. Furthermore, this laminar box is equipped with a thermometer, hygrometer and control unit. All technical specifications are written in this scientific study. The study contains a number of illustrations for a better idea. The laminar box represents a significant contribution to the production and optimization of the conditions for the production of biomedical filaments. His design is unique and follows from the scientific research of the authors of the scientific study.

Design of a Biaxial Laminar Shear Box for 1g Shaking Table Tests

In this paper, the design of a new laminar shear box at the Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Dynamic Analysis (L.E.D.A.) of the University of Enna “Kore” (Sicily, Italy), is presented. The laminar box has been developed to investigate the liquefaction phenomenon and to validate advanced numerical models and/or the numerical approaches assessed to simulate and prevent related effects. The first part of the paper describes in detail the types of soil containers that have been used in the last three decades around the world. Particular attention is paid to laminar shear box and liquefaction studies. Moreover, the most important factors that affect the performance of a laminar shear box are reported. The last part of the paper describes components, properties, and design advantages of the new laminar shear box for 1g shaking table tests at L.E.D.A. The new laminar box has a rectangular cross section and consists of 16 layers. Each layer is composed of two frames: an inner frame and an outer frame. The inner frame has an internal dimension of 2570 mm by 2310 mm, while the outer frame has an internal dimension of 2700 mm by 2770 mm. Between the layers, there is a 20 mm gap, making the total height 1600 mm.

Analysis of Multilayered Ground Amplification Characteristics by Scaled-Down Model Tests

During an earthquake, seismic waves travel through different media through the source to reach the surface. It is very necessary to study the dynamic characteristics of soil between different layers during earthquake. In order to explore the dynamic characteristics of soil under the action of ground seismic input motion, scaled-down model tests were carried out through 1 g shaking table tests based on a laminar shear box. After creating a dense lower ground with a sample of mixed silica and silty soil, and a loose upper ground with sand, the acceleration was measured by applying seismic loading through the 1 g shaking table test. Through the Peak ground acceleration, Spectral acceleration and Spectral acceleration amplification factors, the magnification variation and differences of each depth of the model and the dynamic characteristics of soil between different layers were displayed. In order to verify the reliability of the experimental data, a one-dimensional ground response analysis was carried out using DEEPSOIL software. The approximate results obtained by comparing each other can provide a basis for the accuracy of the experimental results.

The main stages of pharmaceutical development of emulgel “Probioskin”

The aim. To conduct research on the pharmaceutical development of a complex preparation with probiotic “Probioskin” in the form of an emulgel for the treatment of infectious and inflammatory dermatological diseases.
 Methods. Uniformity was determined by visual inspection of the test samples using an XSP-128 ULAB biological microscope. The study of the rheological properties of the samples was carried out using a Rheolab QC rheovisosimeter (Anton Paar, Austria) using a system of coaxial cylinders C-CC27 / SS. Microbiological studies and biotesting on a biological model of ciliates were carried out in aseptic conditions of a laminar box (biological safety cabinet AC2-4E1 “Esco”, Indonesia) of the Department of Biotechnology of the National University of Pharmacy (completely). Pharmacological studies (determination of the parameters of acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory properties on the model of acute exudative inflammation of the foot in rats caused by zymosan and carrageenan) were carried out on the basis of the Central Research Laboratory of the NUPh.
 Results. On the basis of the complex of the carried out studies, the composition of the complex preparation for skin use “Probioskin” was substantiated. The analysis of the microbiological purity of the developed agent during the proposed shelf life of 12 months showed that the drug meets the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia Monograph for cutaneous application in terms of the level of microbial contamination by foreign microflora. The complex of pharmacological studies carried out indicates that the drug “Probioskin” can be attributed to group 6 of class and classified as a “relatively harmless” agent. The study of the anti-inflammatory effect of the drug indicates that the drug exhibits moderate anti-inflammatory properties. Under the condition of zymosan inflammation, which is associated with the activation of leukotrienes as inflammatory mediators, the average antiexudative activity of the drug is 33 %. The drug has a moderate antiexudative effect under the condition of carrageenan edema, which is evidence of its effect on exudation processes mediated by prostaglandins. The mean AEA of the study drug was 24 %.
 Conclusions. For the development of a soft preparation for skin use for the treatment of infectious and inflammatory dermatological diseases, the following components have been selected: active – lactobacilli, dexpanthenol, lactic acid; auxiliary - propylene glycol, peach oil, polysorbate-80, aristophlex, tocopherol, the concentration of which was substantiated on the basis of a complex of organoleptic, physicochemical, pharmacological, microbiological and biological studies. It has been experimentally established that the “Probioskin” emulgel meets the requirements of the SPhU in terms of the level of microbial contamination by extraneous microflora. Pharmacological studies allow the drug to be classified as “relatively harmless” with anti-inflammatory properties at a level not lower than the reference drug

Geotechnical behaviour of layered paste tailings in shaking table testing

ABSTRACT Interest in the use of paste tailings technology and understanding of the cyclic behaviour of paste tailings has significantly increased in the past years. However, no studies on geotechnical response of paste tailings to cyclic loading by shaking table testing technique has been performed. Thus, a one-dimensional shaking table testing program was performed to assess the behaviour and liquefaction susceptibility of the layered paste tailings under cyclic loading conditions. The paste tailings were deposited subsequently in three thin layers in a flexible laminar shear box mounted on top of the shaking table, and the response of accelerations, displacements and pore water pressures to seismic loading was measured at the middle depth of each layer of the tailings. Results showed that the acceleration for the bottom and middle layers were similar to that of the base of the shaking table; however, this was not the case for the top layer. The studied paste tailings were resistant to liquefaction during the cyclic loadings, but liquefied after the end of the shaking phase. All layers of paste tailings were subjected to contraction and dilation during the shaking.

Effect of Seismic Loading on Variation of Pore Water Pressure During Pile Pull-Out Tests in Sandy Soils

Experimental model was done for pile model of L / D = 25 installed into a laminar shear box contains different saturation soil densities (loose and dense sand) to evaluate the variation of pore water pressure before and after apply seismic loading. Two pore water pressure transducers placed at position near the middle and bottom of pile model to evaluate the pore water pressure during pullout tests. Seismic loading applied by uniaxial shaking table device, while the pullout tests were conducted through pullout device. The results of changing pore water pressure showed that the variation of pore water pressure near the bottom of pile is more than variation near the middle of pile in all tests. The variation of pore water pressure after apply seismic loading is more than the variation before apply seismic loading near the middle of pile and near the bottom of pile and in loose and dense sand. Variation of pore water pressure after apply seismic loading and uplift force is less than the variation after apply seismic loading in loose sand at middle and bottom of pile.

BIOLOGICAL PECULIARITIES OF ADIPOSE TISSUE-DERIVED MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS AT DIFFERENT PASSAGES OF CULTIVATION

The studies were conducted on 2–3-months-old males of C57BL/6 mice weighing 20–24 g. Obtaining and operating with adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) culture was performed in a sterile laminar box under conditions of asepsis and antiseptics. The adipose tissue-derived MSC of the 2, 4, 7 and 12 passages were analyzed. Morphometric analysis was performed using a light microscopy. Morphometric parameters such as cell and nucleus area or nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio were calculated using the Axiovision light microscope (Carl Zeiss, Germany) and Image J 1.45 software. Trypan blue dye used for investigation of the viability of MSC. The morphological characteristics of adipose tissue-derived MSC during the process of cultivation changes: at the first passages of cultivation, the cells are spindle-shaped with two, at least three, long cytoplasmic processes, which are located bipolar. Near the nucleus, the Golgi complex is clearly visible – a sign of active cells. At later passages, cells have a small cytoplasmic processes and the bipolar arrangement of processes changes by stellar arrangement. Golgi complex is also clearly visualized. The indicator of the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio in MSC from adipose tissue is significantly reduced at the 7th passage to 0.2189 ± 0.0122 (P < 0.01), and at the 12th passage to 0.1111 ± 0.0086 (P < 0.001) compared to the 2nd passage. The coefficient of proliferation of adipose tissue-derived MSC is significantly reduced at 12th passage. The viability of MSC from adipose tissue with an increasing of a number of passages significantly reduces and at the 12th passage of cultivation reaches 84.67 ± 1.36 (P < 0.05). The content of apoptotic cells that exhibited sensitivity to serum-free cultivation significantly increased at the 7th and 12th passages and was 21.33 ± 1.36 (P < 0.05) and 23.67 ± 0.97% (P < 0.05), respectively.

Dynamic response of thickened tailings in shaking table testing

In this study, an instrumented thickened tailings deposit model was designed, built and employed to evaluate the behaviour of layered thickened tailings to dynamic loading by using a shaking table equipment. The thickened tailings were deposited subsequently in three thin layers in a flexible laminar shear box mounted on top of the shaking table. Cyclic loading with a peak horizontal acceleration of 0.13 g and a frequency of 1 Hz was applied to the layered tailings deposit. Different types of sensors were placed to monitor the accelerations, displacements, volumetric water content and pore water pressures at the intermediate depth of each layer. Results indicated that the acceleration for the bottom and middle layers were similar to that of the base of the shaking table; but, this was not the case for the top layer. The measurements of vertical displacements indicated that all layers of thickened tailings experienced initially contraction and subsequently dilation during the shaking. The excess pore water pressure ratios were found to exceed unity through all layers of thickened tailings when the shaking ended. In other words, the results showed that the layered thickened tailings are susceptible to liquefaction under the considered testing conditions. It is also found that upward pore water migration to the top layer and downward pore water flow to the bottom layer occurred in the thickened tailings deposit. This water migration generated additional pore water pressure and also impacted the vertical displacement and liquefaction susceptibility of the thickened tailings material. The results of this study give a better understanding of the dynamic behaviour of thickened tailings, which is crucial for the safety of thickened tailings systems as well as sustainable mining.

Continuous characterization of dynamic soil behavior by Digital Image Correlation in a transparent shear laminar box

Continuous characterization of dynamic soil behavior by Digital Image Correlation in a transparent shear laminar box

Experimental study of the seismic response of a structure set amongst closely adjacent structures

AbstractThe influence of soil on the dynamic response of soil‐structure systems is usually studied on a stand‐alone (SA) structure, even though closely adjacent structures form the vast majority of the population, especially in large cities. When structures are closely adjacent to each other, the wavefield in the soil, generated by the vibration of the footings, produces a complex interaction between them. Scant attention, especially by physical experiments, has been paid to this interaction. This work addresses the seismic response of a single degree‐of‐freedom structure (structure of focus) considering the influence of one and two closely adjacent neighbours. Experiments were performed using a large laminar box filled with sand sitting on a shake table. Results from utilising four recorded ground motions from the 2010–2011 Canterbury earthquake sequence are analysed. The effect of adjacent structures on the acceleration and displacement of the top mass of each structure, as well as the uplift of the footings, are discussed. Changes in the fundamental frequency due to the presence of neighbouring structures are identified. The use of the SA system, without consideration of closely adjacent structures, may result in a significant error in the estimation of the response of the structure of focus. In general, acceleration, lateral displacement and uplift reduced in comparison with that of the corresponding SA case. A footing settlement mechanism, resulting from uplift of the system that reflects the influence of adjacent structures, is also revealed.

IMMUNOLOGICAL INDICATORS IN ANIMAL ORGANISMS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF ALLOGENEIC ADIPOSE TISSUE-DERIVED MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS

The studies were conducted on 2-3-months-old males of mice weighing 20-24 g. О ur work was to study the functional state of the organs of the immune system of C57Bl/6 mice after introduction of allogeneic MSCs of adipose tissue origin . Obtaining and cultivating of MSCs were carried out in a sterile laminar box with compliance of conditions of asepsis and antiseptics. C57B l /6 mice adipose tissue cultured in a CO 2 incubator at 37 о C and 5% CO 2 in DMEM with 10-15% of fetal bovine serum, 1% of antibiotic-antimycotic solution (Sigma-Aldrich, USA). The following groups of animals were formed: 1 group – intact (control group); 2 group - animals, to whom 0.5 ml of 0.9% NaCl solution (placebo) were injected into the caudal vein; 3 group – animals, to whom were injected 10 4 of allogen e ic MSCs from adipose tissue in 0.5 ml of phosphate buffer solution into the caudal vein. The weight index , content of lymphoid cells of thymus and spleen in C57Bl/6 mice investigated after the introduction of MSC s on 7, 18 and 25 days . To assess the content of lymphocytes in lymphoid organs, the latter were weighed. Whole thymus and 50 mg of spleen were triturated and filtered through the kapron tissue. After that, the tissue homogenate was applied to the gradient of ficoll-urografin (density 1.077) in a ratio of 3:2. The test tubes were centrifuged at a rate of 1500 rpm for 30-40 minutes. After centrifugation the layer of lymphocytes which was above the gradient was collected by a Pasteur pipette and washed twice with an arbitrary amount of Hanks' solution by centrifugation at a rate of 1500 for 10 minutes. 1 ml of Hanks's solution was added to lymphocytes after washing. Lymphocytes were counted in the Goryaev chamber. Calculation of the cells of lymphoid organs was performed on 1 mg of tissue. The administration of allogenic adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells affects on the central and peripheral organs of the immune system. Administration of allogenic adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells cause a significant increase in the content of lymphoid cells in the thymus at 7, 18 and 25 days by 71, 57 and 53 % respectively ( *- p <0,05 ) compared to the control. Quantity lymphoid cells in the spleen significant increase at the 7 and 18 days of the immune response by 33 and 19 %, respectively (p<0.01, p <0.05) compared to the control under administration of allogenic adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells. On the 25th day, lymphoid cell and spleen index values return to normal. Weight index of the thymus and spleen directly correlates with the content of lymphoid cells in its. Key words: thymus , spleen , lymphoid cells , mice , weight index , allogenic mesenchymal stem cells , adipose tissue

Effect of Pavement Thickness and Width on Liquefaction-Induced Settlements and the Contribution of Sand Ejecta in Total Settlement

This paper investigates the settlement in a pavement due to soil liquefaction. Four 1-g shaking table tests were performed on saturated sand bed-pavement model to understand the factors affecting the liquefaction-induced settlements and their relation to the pavement thickness and width. All the tests were performed with a base acceleration of 320 gal in a laminar box. The shaking table tests revealed that the total settlement reduced with the increase in the pavement thickness. The pavement with the same thickness but different width showed that the total settlement reduced with the increase in the pavement width. The co-seismic settlement and post-seismic settlement depend upon the thickness and width of the pavement, and the maximum contribution of the sand ejecta is around 7.7% in the total settlement.

An alternative empirical function to predict air–water mixture bulk modulus for numerical modeling of liquefaction behavior of induced partially saturated sands

During the past decades, various soil improvement techniques have been developed to mitigate liquefaction hazards. One of the most newfound techniques is induced partial saturation (IPS). The capability of this method in liquefaction mitigation has been demonstrated through experimental and analytical research studies. This technique's main objective is to reduce the degree of saturation to convert fully saturated liquefiable sands into a partially saturated state and consequently reduce the potential of liquefaction occurrence. For numerical modeling of partially saturated sands' liquefaction behavior, the sand's main parameter that should be carefully determined is air–water mixture bulk modulus. A numerical model of a cyclic simple shear liquefaction box (CSSLB) on a shaking table was built to study the liquefaction response of induced partially saturated sands in the presented research. Primarily, a conventional equation was employed to predict air–water mixture bulk modulus of induced partially saturated sands, and the results of numerical liquefaction analysis were not much in accordance with those obtained from shaking table experiments. Then, experimental test results obtained from CSSLB were used to propose an empirical function to predict air–water mixture bulk modulus of induced partially saturated sands. It was shown that the new empirical function could predict the effect of entrapped air in excess pore water pressure generated in induced partially saturated sands during cyclic loading. Finally, this empirical function was validated with experimental results obtained from a laminar box on a shaking table and a centrifuge test. The results showed that the proposed empirical function could be considered as an alternative function in the numerical analysis of liquefaction response of induced partially saturated sands.

Seismic Response of Flat Ground and Slope Models through 1 g Shaking Table Tests and Numerical Analysis

In order to verify the reliability of numerical analysis, a series of 1 g shaking table tests for flat ground and slope were conducted using a laminar shear box subjected to different seismic waves. Firstly, numerical analyses, using the DEEPSOIL and ABAQUS software, were done to compare the results of flat ground experiments. After that, finite element analyses with ABAQUS were conducted to compare the results of slope experiments. For numerical analyses, considering the influence of the boundary, the concept of adjusted elastic modulus was proposed to improve the simulation results. Based on the analyses, it is found that in terms of acceleration-time history and spectral acceleration, the numerical analysis results are in good agreement with the experiment results. This implies that numerical analysis can capture the dynamic behavior of soil under 1 g shaking table test conditions.

Evaluation of the Hydrodynamic Pressure Effect of Cylindrical Liquid Storage Tank on The Granular Soil Behavior Under Seismic Excitation

Many liquid storage tanks around the world have been affected by earthquakes, and the seismic analysis of such tanks is much more complicated due to the Fluid-Structure Interaction. Besides, when the soil properties are taken into the consideration, the analysis with the Fluid-Soil-Structure Interaction becomes very complicated. In this paper, a series of shaking table tests are conducted on a model of the cylindrical water tank rested on dry granular soil and the equivalent load is considered to study the effect of hydrodynamic pressure generated in the storage water tank on the soil behavior. An experimental investigation of (1:100) scale model has been carried out on a shake table that was manufactured with specific mechanical parts and flexible laminar shear box. The preparation of the test included three cases in different relative densities (medium, dense, medium-dense). Three earthquake histories (Kobe, El-Centro and Ali Al-Gharbi) were implemented to study a wide range of the acceleration. The results showed that the acceleration at the bottom-depth of the soil column is slightly higher than at the mid-depth, while at the top portion of the soil column, the acceleration comparatively becomes less than that at the mid-depth. The settlement due to hydrodynamic pressure in the storage base tank is significantly reduced compared with results of nonhydrodynamic pressure in all cases of the acceleration history. In addition, the lateral stress at the surface gives higher than the stress at a depth equal to the diameter of the base tank.

Dynamic response of stand-alone and adjacent footing on saturated sand

This paper presents results from geotechnical centrifuge tests performed at the Japanese Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (JNIOSH) in Tokyo, Japan. A range of shallow footing configurations with different bearing pressures founded on saturated sand in a laminar box on a shake table was studied using harmonic excitations. The free-field condition was also studied as a reference. The study aimed to address the influence of stand-alone and closely adjacent shallow foundations on the dynamic response of the soil-foundation-structure system. A partially drained response of the soil and a minor dilative response for large values of shear strain were observed for the free-field case. In the case with footings, the settlement was found to be largely due to the footing penetrating the supporting sand. A dilative response of the soil beneath the footings was observed for the stand-alone configurations at the beginning of the base motions, this was not observed in the case of adjacent footings. Adjacent footings also tilt inwards consistently while stand-alone footings did not present a clear tilt pattern. In terms of the acceleration recorded in the near-surface soil beneath the footings, a reduction was observed after a few cycles in the free-field case. This reduction was considerably smaller in the case with footings with no significant differences between the response of the stand-alone and that of the closely adjacent footings.

Experimental Study of the Effect of Proximity between Adjacent Buildings on their Dynamic Response

Most of the experimental works on adjacent structures consider a short distance between them to analyze the interaction. Additionally, the majority of these studies focus on changes in the dynamic response of the buildings (e.g. acceleration, lateral displacement, or rocking) assuming that the fundamental frequency and the damping of the structures remain the same as those for the stand-alone case. This work intends to reveal the effect of distance on the interaction between adjacent structures and the effect of neighboring buildings on the dynamic properties of a structure. This was achieved by studying the dynamic response of single degree-of-freedom (SDOF) structures in a laminar box filled with sand sitting on a shake table. This study initially addressed the attenuation of the acceleration through the soil with the distance considering the structures at different distances. The second part of the study considers multiple configurations of adjacent structures to estimate the influence of the number of neighbors on the fundamental frequency and damping ratio of a subject building. An increasing fundamental frequency with an increasing number of participating structures was observed. An equation to estimate the influence of the number of neighboring buildings on the fundamental frequency of the subject structure is proposed. For the damping ratio, a considerable influence of the soil was observed. The lowest damping was obtained for an intermediate number of structures.