Abstract
This paper investigates the settlement in a pavement due to soil liquefaction. Four 1-g shaking table tests were performed on saturated sand bed-pavement model to understand the factors affecting the liquefaction-induced settlements and their relation to the pavement thickness and width. All the tests were performed with a base acceleration of 320 gal in a laminar box. The shaking table tests revealed that the total settlement reduced with the increase in the pavement thickness. The pavement with the same thickness but different width showed that the total settlement reduced with the increase in the pavement width. The co-seismic settlement and post-seismic settlement depend upon the thickness and width of the pavement, and the maximum contribution of the sand ejecta is around 7.7% in the total settlement.
Highlights
Soil liquefaction-induced settlement has caused severe damages to buildings and roads in the Tokyo Bay area during the 2011 off Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake, Japan
Konagai et al (2013) conducted a Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) survey to collect the elevation data before and after the 2011 earthquake, and prepared a liquefaction-induced subsidence map of the west part of the Tokyo Bay area by comparing the Digital Surface Models (DSMs). They observed that the ground subsidence was concentrated more along the residential roads compared to structural roads designed for heavy traffic
A series of 1-g shaking table model tests were conducted in laminar soil box to study the effect of thickness and width of pavement on total settlements, co-seismic settlements and post-seismic settlements
Summary
Soil liquefaction-induced settlement has caused severe damages to buildings and roads in the Tokyo Bay area during the 2011 off Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake, Japan. Konagai et al (2013) conducted a Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) survey to collect the elevation data before and after the 2011 earthquake, and prepared a liquefaction-induced subsidence map of the west part of the Tokyo Bay area by comparing the Digital Surface Models (DSMs). They observed that the ground subsidence was concentrated more along the residential roads compared to structural roads designed for heavy traffic. The observations reported by Kajihara et al (2015) and Suyama et al (2016) suggest that the liquefaction-induced settlement is affected by the dimension of pavement structure (thickness and width). Observation of sand ejecta and its contribution to the total settlement is discussed in this study
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