Lambayeque Region Research Articles

The Implication of the Quality of Care with the Level of Satisfaction of the Administered of a State Entity in the Lambayeque Region

The quality of care provided to the citizens by state entities is a significant factor in organizations because measuring satisfaction levels strengthens trust in governmental institutions. The objective of this article is to establish the relationship between service quality and citizen satisfaction levels within a state entity in the Lambayeque Region. According to the literature reviewed, it was found that there is a significant positive relationship between service quality and user satisfaction in public entities. This means that as service quality improves, user satisfaction levels also increase. Conversely, a decrease in service quality tends to negatively impact user satisfaction. This finding underscores the importance of enhancing and maintaining high standards of service quality provided by state entities to ensure a satisfactory experience for users.

Female and Migrant Entrepreneurship in SOS Children’s Villages in the Lambayeque Region, Peru

This quantitative research analyzes the entrepreneurial competencies of in-migrant women in the Children’s Village of the Lambayeque Region. With a sample of 79 women, 39 Peruvian and 40 Venezuelan, online surveys and observation forms were operated for 18 months (2021–2022). Using a Likert scale of 55 questions and nine dimensions, competencies such as opportunity seeking, risk anticipation, persistence, self-exertion, and more were assessed. Data were analyzed using correlations, ANOVA, logistic regression, and principal component analysis (PCA). The results revealed significant differences between nationalities, with Venezuelan women having higher competencies. The study identified two principal components that explain 57.663% of the total variance, representing initiative and quality, as well as control and responsibility. These findings suggest the need for specific training programs to strengthen the entrepreneurial competencies of these women. The inductive methodology and quantitative analysis provided a clear vision of entrepreneurial competencies, contributing to the improvement of support and training programs.

Happiness in Organizations and its Effect on the Culture of Entrepreneurship in Students of a University, Lambayeque Region, 2022

The title of the thesis Happiness in organizations as a tool in the culture of entrepreneurship in students of the university, Lambayeque region, 2021, has obtained a main objective To determine the effect of Happiness affects in organizations in the culture of entrepreneurship in students of a university, Lambayeque region, 2021. Likewise, this study has been developed in a quantitative approach, of a descriptive - explanatory level and non-experimental design and to test the hypothesis of this study, a survey is conducted. Its population is made up of the students of the university of the Lambayeque region, being these 30 in total, therefore a census sampling is determined in which the population is equal to the sample. A data collection instrument called a questionnaire was applied to these students to measure happiness in organizations and the culture of entrepreneurship and to determine that they are reliable and valid. Similarly, the statistical system called SPSS Vs. 26 was used, which allowed a very detailed analysis of results. Therefore, it is concluded that the independent variable happiness in organizations affects the dependent variable entrepreneurship culture in the university, Lambayeque region, 2021, thanks to the correlation coefficient Rho Spearman = 0.876, independent variable and 0.953 for the dependent variable, which allows giving a strong incidence between both variables, in the same way a significance of less than p value 0.05 was obtained. Received: 23 July 2023 / Accepted: 23 June 2024 / Published: 02 July 2024

Validation of ΓKa for diagnostic radiography in three different hospitals in the Lambayeque region, Peru

Air Kerma was measured and compared with calculated air Kerma aiming to validate the use of air Kerma gamma factors. The air Kerma was measured in radiology departments in three hospitals at the Lambayeque region in Peru. In each department were obtained three times different radiographs, for each radiograph the X-ray operational parameters were recorded such us: voltage, current, and triggering time; the average values of these parameters, and the measured air Kerma were calculated. In addition was recorded the focal spot-to r distance, and the filter thickness. Monte Carlo methods were used to calculate the spectra, air Kerma, and Ambient dose equivalent for an X-ray tube (W target, Al2O3 filter) working to 40, 50, and 60 kV; these values and those previously reported were used to calculate the spectra mean energy, the air Kerma and the Ambient dose equivalent gamma factors in function of voltage. Mean values of measured voltage were used to calculate the gamma factors for air kerma and this with the current, and triggering time mean values, in addition to the focal spot-to-r distance, and the filter thickness were used to calculate the air Kerma. The relative difference between calculated air Kerma and the measured air Kerma varies from −6.84 to 10.82% at the Belen hospital, −2.22 to 9.64% at Las Mercedes hospital and from 0.41% to 6.30% at the Ferreñafe hospital; thus, calculated air Kerma values using the gamma factors were validated with measured air Kerma values. Air Kerma gamma factors can be used for dosimetric purposes using the operational features of the X-ray tube with W target and Al2O3 filter; in addition can be used during the design of primary barriers of radiology hall.

Proposal for a Flipped Classroom Program with Massive Open Online Courses to Improve Access to Information and Information Literacy in Primary School Teachers

The objective of this study was to propose a teacher training program based on the flipped classroom model with MOOCs to strengthen access to information and information literacy among primary education teachers in the Lambayeque region of Peru. The non-experimental design was assumed with a quantitative approach and a propositional, descriptive type. A diagnosis was made using a questionnaire given to 917 primary school teachers. It was discovered that nearly all of the items in the questionnaire revealed a deficiency in the ability to navigate, search, and filter information, data, and digital content; the highest percentages were at the Basic level, with the exception of the item expressing information needs in an organized manner, which was at the Advanced C2 level. The lowest percentage was at the Advanced C1 level, and the majority of the lower percentages were at the Advanced level. In addition, there are competency deficiencies in the evaluation of information, data, and digital content of nearly all the items: the highest percentages were at the Basic level, with the exception of the item involving the processing of information, data, and digital content, where 26.4% were at the Intermediate B1 level and just 2.8% managed to be at the highest level, which is Advanced C2. Furthermore, when it came to storage and retrieval of information, data, and digital content competency, all the high percentages were at the Basic level, and all the low percentages were at the highest level, that is, Advanced. These findings helped us to understand that teachers have only a basic knowledge of information literacy and information competency. As a result, it is necessary to advocate for a teacher training program based on the flipped classroom model with MOOCs. This idea was supported by the opinions of five experts, who stated that its implementation would enable primary teachers of Regular Basic Education in the region of Lambayeque (Peru) to develop their access to information and information literacy competency area.

Factores asociados a ideación suicida en adultos del departamento de Lambayeque-Perú durante la pandemia COVID-19

Objective: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with suicidal ideation in the adult population of the Lambayeque region, Peru, during the COVID-19 pandemic, 2021. Material and methods: Observational, prospective and cross-analytical study; carried out in a sample of 365 adults. Data were collected through Beck's Suicidal Ideation instrument. and a sociodemographic data collection sheet. Results: The sample was characterized by a median age of 26 years (IQR=23-32) and a slight predominance of the female sex (52.2%). The prevalence of suicidal ideation was 28.3%; and was associated with young age (p=0.047), female sex (p<0.001), widowed marital status (p=0.002) and excessive alcohol consumption (p<0.001), and no religion (p <0.001), to the low income (p=0.032) and to the illness (p<0.001) or presence of relatives who died from COVID-19 (p<0.001). Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of suicidal ideation related to the COVID-19 pandemic, so it is suggested to monitor the mental health of the study population.

Primer registro de Bisaltes (Bisaltes) brevicornis Breuning, 1939 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Apomecynini) en Perú, con notas sobre otras especies peruanas de Bisaltes (s. str.) Thomson, 1868

We present the first record of Bisaltes (Bisaltes) brevicornis Breuning, 1939 in Peru, based on one male specimen collected in an urban locality of the Lambayeque region in northwestern Peru. A diagnosis for recognition of the species and differentiate it from other similar taxa are provided. Additionally, notes regarding other species of Bisaltes (Bisaltes) Thomson, 1868 recorded to Peru are given.

Prevalence and factors associated with fear of COVID-19 in military personnel during the second epidemic wave in Peru.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the mounting workload and heightened stress may contribute to exacerbated mental health challenges, including an increased fear of COVID-19, among military personnel. Despite the potential influence of these factors, there remains a scarcity of studies addressing mental health issues, particularly the fear of COVID-19, within this specific population. We aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with fear of COVID-19 among military members. A cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2 and 9, 2021, during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Lambayeque region, Peru. The outcome variable was fear of COVID-19, assessed using the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. The association with resilience (Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, abbreviated as CD-RISC), food insecurity (Household Food Insecurity Access Scale, abbreviated as HFIAS), physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form, abbreviated as IPAQ-S), eating disorder (Eating Attitudes Test-26, abbreviated as EAT-26), and other socio- demographic variables was assessed. Among the 525 participants, the median age was 22, 95.8% were male, and 19.2% experienced fear of COVID-19. A higher prevalence of fear of COVID-19 was associated with age (PR=1.03; 95% CI: 1.01-1.06), religion (PR=2.05; 95% CI: 1.04-4.05), eating disorder (PR=2.95; 95% CI: 1.99-4.36), and having a relative with mental disorder (PR=2.13; 95% CI: 1.09-4.17). Overweight (PR=0.58; 95% CI: 0.37-0.90) and a high level of resilience (PR=0.63; 95% CI: 0.43-0.93) were associated with a lower prevalence of fear of COVID-19. Two out of ten military personnel were afraid of COVID-19. Our results highlight the need for targeted interventions addressing the factors contributing to fear of COVID-19 among military personnel, emphasizing the significance of mental health support and preventive measures within this specific population.

Psychometric evidence of the Wong-Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS) in university students from Lambayeque-Peru

Introduction: Emotional intelligence (EI) is a key skill for the personal and academic development of university students. Therefore, it is appropriate to have relevant instruments to measure this construct. Objective: This study aims to analyze the evidence of validity and reliability of the Wong-Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS) in university students in the region of Lambayeque, Peru. Method: Our study has an instrumental design. We applied a virtual questionnaire distributed in social networks to 317 university students (124 males and 193 females) from different professional careers, aged between 18 and 30 years (M=20.3; SD=2.7). Confirmatory factor analysis was performed (WLSMV estimator), and internal consistency was assessed. Result: We found four correlated factors, higher order, and bifactor, the first being the one with the best-fit indices: X2(98) = 262.63, p < .001, CFI = .97, TLI = .96, RMSEA = .07 [CI 90%; .06 - .08], SRMR = .04 and WRMR = .91. Internal consistency results using the omega coefficient are ωSEA = .81, ωOEA= .79, ωUOE= .84 and ωROE = .85. Conclusion: The WLEIS in university students in the Lambayeque region of Peru has sufficient evidence of validity and reliability to guarantee the relevance of its application.

Water Stress Index and Stomatal Conductance under Different Irrigation Regimes with Thermal Sensors in Rice Fields on the Northern Coast of Peru

In the face of the climate change crisis, the increase in air temperature negatively impacts rice crop productivity due to stress from water scarcity. The objective of this study was to determine the rice crop water stress index (CWSI) and stomatal conductance (Gs) under different irrigation regimes, specifically continuous flood irrigation treatments (CF) and irrigations with alternating wetting and drying (AWD) at water levels of 5 cm, 10 cm, and 20 cm below the soil surface (AWD5, AWD10, and AWD20) in an experimental area of INIA-Vista Florida and in six commercial areas of the Lambayeque region using thermal images captured with thermal sensors. The results indicated that AWD irrigation generated more water stress, with CWSI values between 0.4 and 1.0. Despite this, the yields were similar in CF and AWD20. In the commercial areas, CWSI values between 0.38 and 0.51 were obtained, with Santa Julia having the highest values. Furthermore, a strong Pearson correlation (R) of 0.91 was established between the CWSI and Gs, representing a reference scale based on Gs values for evaluating water stress levels.

Genomic and Phylogenetic Characterisation of SARS-CoV-2 Genomes Isolated in Patients from Lambayeque Region, Peru.

this study aims to identify and characterise genomic and phylogenetically isolated SARS-CoV-2 viral isolates in patients from Lambayeque, Peru. Nasopharyngeal swabs were taken from patients from the Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo Hospital, Chiclayo, Lambayeque, Peru, which had been considered mild, moderate, and severe cases of COVID-19. Patients had to have tested positive for COVID-19, using a positive RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2. Subsequently, the SARS-CoV-2 complete viral genome sequencing was carried out using Illumina MiSeq®. The sequences obtained from the sequence were analysed in Nextclade V1.10.0 to assign the corresponding clades, identify mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genes and perform quality control of the sequences obtained. All sequences were aligned using MAFFT v7.471. The SARS-CoV-2 isolate Wuhan NC 045512.2 was used as a reference sequence to analyse mutations at the amino acid level. The construction of the phylogenetic tree model was achieved with IQ-TREE v1.6.12. It was determined that during the period from December 2020 to January 2021, the lineages s C.14, C.33, B.1.1.485, B.1.1, B.1.1.1, and B.1.111 circulated, with lineage C.14 being the most predominant at 76.7% (n = 23/30). These lineages were classified in clade 20D mainly and also within clades 20B and 20A. On the contrary, the variants found in the second batch of samples of the period from September to October 2021 were Delta (72.7%), Gamma (13.6%), Mu (4.6%), and Lambda (9.1%), distributed between clades 20J, 21G, 21H, 21J, and 21I. This study reveals updated information on the viral genomics of SARS-CoV-2 in the Lambayeque region, Peru, which is crucial to understanding the origins and dispersion of the virus and provides information on viral pathogenicity, transmission and epidemiology.

Effect of Alternate Wetting and Drying on the Emission of Greenhouse Gases from Rice Fields on the Northern Coast of Peru

The cultivation of rice is one of the main sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions due to continuously flooded irrigation (CF), which demands large volumes of water. As an alternative solution, alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation has been developed as a water-saving strategy. This study was conducted at the Experimental Agricultural Station (EEA) in Vista, Florida, in the Lambayeque region located on the northern coast of Peru. Thus, it was analyzed the effect of AWD irrigation at different depths (5, 10, and less than 20 cm below the surface) compared to CF control on methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and rice grain yield. AWD treatments reduced CH4 emissions by 84% to 99% but increased N2O emissions by 66% to 273%. In terms of Global Warming Potential (GWP), the AWD10 treatment demonstrated a 77% reduction and a Water Use Efficiency (WUE) of 0.96, affecting only a 2% decrease in rice grain yield, which ranged between 11.85 and 14.01 t ha−1. Likewise, this study provides sufficient evidence for the adoption of AWD irrigation as a strategy for the efficient use of water resources and the mitigation of GHG emissions in rice cultivation in the study area, compared to continuous flooded irrigation.

The Lord of Ucupe mask from Moche culture (Peru). A multianalytical study of the materials from the metals to the adhesive

The aim of this paper is to characterize materials belonging to one of the masks coming from the Lord of Ucupe's tomb in the region of Lambayeque in Peru. The mask belongs to the Moche culture which lived in the north of Peru since 100 CE. Along with the study of the extraordinary metal alloy technique using X-ray fluorescence (ED XRF) integrated with the Monte Carlo simulation, this paper investigates the blackish material used as an adhesive for its inlaid eyes. This material was analysed through the ATR FT-IR and characterized through Py-GC/MS and GC/MS for the organic components and SEM-EDS for the inorganic components. The chemical characterization of the adhesive material coming from this type of artefact, based on our knowledge of current literature, is the first on this material and allows us to take a further step into the understanding of the constituents used for this purpose.

Resilience and Burnout Syndrome as Perceived by University Faculty in Lambayeque, Peru

Overcoming classroom challenges is not always straightforward. It is well-known that educators face stress due to various reasons, such as familiar problems, overwork, multiple activities of the teacher, student problems, new methodologies and teaching tools, etc. As a university professor we perceive innumerable situations where students cannot control and / or solve their own conflicts, therefore, they allow these problems to affect their personal, social, physical and even mental health. This research aimed to explore how university educators in the Lambayeque region perceive the relationship between resilience and Burnout Syndrome. The sample comprised 300 faculty members from accredited institutions in Lambayeque. This study used a quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive correlational design. Questionnaires on resilience and Burnout Syndrome were employed since they have proven to be valid, reliable, and supported by substantial evidence. The results demonstrated a statistically significant association between the two variables, with a moderate negative correlation (sig. 0.05), lending credibility to the alternative hypothesis. Among the surveyed professors, 61.7% expressed intentions to focus on becoming more resilient, while 36.37% stated they exhibited external symptoms of the aforementioned condition. According to the findings, the risk of educators developing this condition decreases as they enhance their resilience. 
 
 Received: 1 September 2023 / Accepted: 19 October 2023 / Published: 5 November 2023

Opportunities for the development of the microfranchise model in family wineries in the Lambayeque Region, during the period 2020 -2023

Opportunities for the development of the microfranchise model in family wineries in the Lambayeque Region, during the period 2020 -2023

Primer registro de Cyphonotida rostrata rostrata (Bates, 1872) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lepturinae: Lepturini) en Perú

We present the first record of Cyphonotida rostrata rostrata from Peru, based on a female specimen collected in a disturbed locality of a seasonally dry forest of the Lambayeque region in northwestern Peru. A diagnosis for recognition of the subspecies and data about its distribution and ecology are provided.

Una nueva especie de Chrysobothris (s. str.) Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) de la región Lambayeque, Perú

Chrysobothris requensis sp. nov. is described and illustrated from specimens collected in a seasonally dry forest locality of the Lambayeque region in northwestern Peru. The new species is similar to several Chrysobothris species with green spots on the elytra from which it can be distinguished by the color of the body, shape, and arrangement of green fasciae on the elytra and the male genitalia. Comments on its ecology and distribution in the country are provided.

Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Anisakid Nematode Larvae (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in the Black Cusk eel Genypterus maculatus from the Southeastern Pacific Ocean off Peru

The back cusk eel, Genypterus maculatus (Tschudi, 1846), (Ophiidiformes: Ophiididae) is one of the benthic-demersal fish usually consumed in northern Peru. Here, we identified the third stage (L3) Anisakidae sampled from 29 specimens of G. maculatus captured off the south American Pacific coast, Lambayeque Region, Peru. A total of 20 anisakid nematode larvae were collected on the visceral surface and divided morphologically into three types (Type I–III). These larvae were identified by mtDNA Cox2 sequences analysis, which indicated that corresponded to Anisakis pegreffii Campana-Rouget and Biocca, 1955, Skrjabinisakis physeteris (Baylis, 1923) and S. brevispiculata (Dollfus, 1966) Safonova, Voronova, and Vainutis, 2021, respectively. This is the first record of S. brevispiculata in Peru. The results obtained in this study provide knowledge on the diversity and distribution of Anisakis Dujardin, 1845 and Skrjabinisakis Mozgovoi, 1951, species in the south American Pacific waters and their relevance for public health. In addition, we suggest that combined use of molecular and morphological approaches is needed to characterize L3 anisakid larvae.

Shared soundscapes: The (re)activation of an institutional and individual archive of Peruvian music and dance

Abstract“Shared soundscapes” is a key concept that allows us to identify the multiplicity of agencies involved in historical sound recordings and their reactivation today. We use the notion to compare two very different Peruvian case studies concerning Asháninka and Nomatsiguenga peoples of the Central Rainforest and Muchik, Quechua, and mestizo peoples in the Lambayeque region, along with their respective music traditions. Part of their sonic legacy is stored in archives; one was created by an individual anthropologist, and the other is an institutional ethnomusicological archive. The comparison of historical and current soundscapes brings to the fore anthropological issues regarding how a web of actors—among them sonic activists from academia and these communities—have shaped these archives as a process and practice. It raises questions about collaborative approaches to decolonize repositories, which implies handing over rights to individuals and communities so that they can make decisions about their sonic legacies.

Factors associated with mortality in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 admitted to a tertiary hospital in Lambayeque, Peru, during the first wave of the pandemic.

COVID-19 caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread worldwide, becoming a long-term pandemic. To analyze the factors associated with mortality in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in a tertiary hospital in the Lambayeque region of Peru. A retrospective cohort study of patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19, hospitalized in a hospital in northern Peru, was conducted from March to September 2020. Of the 297 patients studied, 69% were women, the mean age was 63.99 years (SD = ±15.33 years). Hypertension was the most frequent comorbidity (36.67%), followed by diabetes mellitus (24.67%) and obesity (8.33%). The probability of survival at 3 days of ICU stay was 65.3%, at 7 days 24.2%, and 0% on day 14. Risk factors associated with mortality in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 are age, male sex, tachypnea, low systolic blood pressure, low peripheral oxygen saturation, impaired renal function, elevated IL-6 and elevated D-dimer. Mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 was 51.18 per 100 persons, Mortality was found to be associated with hypertension, type of infiltrating, and sepsis.