Lake Water Quality Monitoring Research Articles

Development of Spatial Similarity-Based Modeling to Support Integrated Lake Water Quality Management: Recreational Lakes in Klang Valley, Malaysia1

Due to recent climate factors which lead to long dry spells and affect normal water distribution from the reservoir, there is a high potential for tapping water from recreational lakes as a resource alternative for high population density states in Malaysia such as Selangor and Kuala Lumpur. The challenges, however, are due to severe data limitations, no formation of a regular water quality monitoring programme and segregated catchment planning. This paper intends to discuss the application of similarity-based modeling as the alternative technique for integrated lake water quality management under the circumstances of severe data limitation issues and a limited programme of continuous lake water quality sampling and monitoring. The developed spatial model applies a similarity-based technique, with a distance of 1km buffer radius set as model database. LakePutrajaya has been chosen as similarity assessment control point due to its comprehensive data availability and long-term monitoring. Findings showed th...

PEMANTAUAN KUALITAS AIR DANAU SEMAYANG DAN DANAU MELINTANG DI KABUPATEN KUTAI KARTANEGARA MENGGUNAKAN SISTEM ONLINE MONITORING

Semayang Lake and Melintang Lake in Kutai Kartanegara district, East Kalimantan is one of the biggest lake in Indonesia. Both lakes are located in the Mahakam River Basin and has an important role for economic and ecological activities in the Province of East Kalimantan. In addition to being a source of livelihood for fishermen around the lake, is also as habitat for freshwater mammals Pesut Mahakam that are endangered. Illegal logging in the forest around the lake, causing floods when it rains and water pollution will increase with sediment flowing into the lake. In some areas also get the impact of transportation activities of coal mining industry around the Mahakam River. All this causes silting almost the entire surface of the lake, lead to a reduction of existing fishery potential and cause extinction of Pesut Mahakam. To control pollution in the lake, local government of Kutai Kartanegara has implemented an online monitoring technology to monitor the water quality of the lake in four point location. Monitoring results are used to support local goverment in taking pollution control policies in both lakes. Keywords: Water quality online monitoring system, lake water quality monitoring system, GSM and SMS technology, multiprobe sensor, telemtry system.

Developing a Revision to the Lake Elsinore Nutrient TMDL after 15 years of Project Implementation and Continuous Watershed and Lake Water Quality Monitoring using a Reference Watershed Approach

Developing a Revision to the Lake Elsinore Nutrient TMDL after 15 years of Project Implementation and Continuous Watershed and Lake Water Quality Monitoring using a Reference Watershed Approach

Water Quality Monitoring of Magadi Hill Range Lakes and Reservoirs of India

Water flows from Magadi hills to Bangalore for about 60 Km, regulates the water quality phenomena through exchange of water. This is the main source of water to caterers drinking, domestic and irrigation purposes of Bangalore City and its sub unbans. Due to improper maintenance and increase papulations of Bangalore City, discharge of sewage water to the Vrishabhavathi river and further this water is flowing back and contaminate the main water bodies which may lead to alter the drinking water quality of Magadi hill range water bodies. Information about water quality monitoring reports and the future project monitoring for these Magadi hill range lakes and reservoirs with special reference to developing countries and its necessary methods/ devices will be reviewed and discussed.

Measurement of Surfactant Concentration Using Light Scattering Method

A method for measuring the concentration of surfactant in water was developed. In this technique, microbubbles were used as light scatterers. The polarization change of light scattered by microbubbles was analyzed by Mueller matrix analysis. M₁₁, one of the Mueller matrix elements, was found to be a key parameter inferring the surfactant concentration within the concentration range of 0 ppm to 60 ppm. The best results for this measurement were obtained when the scattering angle was 150° and the extinction ratio was 56.2. This experimental result shows that the EPLS can be effectively used as a real time inspection method for water quality monitoring in lakes or rivers. Key words: Light Scattering, Micro-Bubble, Polarization, Mueller Matrix, Surfactant Concentration

程海水质参数季节变化特征与空间异质性

本文以2015年10月、2016年3月、2016年5月和2016年7月对程海的四次垂直剖面实测数据为基础，通过分析探讨温度、叶绿素、pH值和溶解氧等参数的变化特征，发现冬春季程海处于混合期，水质稳定，但在夏秋季水温发生分层后，叶绿素含量和pH值随着温跃层的上下移动而发生明显变化，尤其是随温度升高，溶解氧分层位置高于温跃层，导致溶解氧含量极低的水体厚度增加，加剧了底层沉积物中的营养盐释放，造成水体富营养化加剧和蓝藻水华爆发，对水安全造成威胁。由于程海整个湖盆北深南浅并受风浪扰动影响，使得南部湖区全年表层水温均低于北部湖区，导致整个湖区水生植物量自北向南逐渐降低。程海南部湖区水质优于北部湖区，表现出了明显的空间异质性。建议加强水质监测、掌握其变化规律及影响因素，搞清营养物质成分来源及湖泊自循环过程，采取科学措施，防止水质持续恶化。 Based on the monitoring data of four vertical cross-section in October 2015, March 2016, May 2016 and July 2016, the variation characteristics of water quality parameters, which include tem-perature, chlorophyll-a, pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) in Lake Cheng or Chenghai were analyzed. The results indicated that the lake water was well mixed in the winter and spring; during the pe-riod the water quality is stable. But when the water temperature stratified in summer and autumn, the content of chlorophyll and the value of pH changed substantially along with the vertical movement of thermocline. Especially, with the temperature rising, the position of stratified DO layer became higher than thermocline, leading to a thickening of water body with low DO content. This process induced the release of nutrients from the lake sediments and promoted eutrophication and cyanobacteria blooming. Moreover, as Lake Cheng is deeper in north while shallower in south, together with stronger wind-wave disturbance in the south, the surface water temperature in south was lower than that in the north all the year round. This situation resulted in the amount of aquatic plant in the lake reduced from north to south gradually. The water quality in south lake is better than that in north, showing an obvious spatial heterogeneity. We recommend that the lake water quality monitoring should be strengthened in order to have a full understanding of the lake water quality and take measurements to prevent further deterioration of the lake water quality.

Satellite-based water quality monitoring in Lake Vänern, Sweden

ABSTRACTLake Vänern, Sweden, is one of Europe’s largest lakes and has a historical, cultural, ecological as well as economic importance. Lake water quality monitoring is required by national and international legislations and directives, but present programmes are insufficient to meet the requirements. To complement in situ based monitoring, the possibility to obtain reliable information about spatial and temporal water quality trends in Lake Vänern from the ENVISAT mission’s MERIS instrument was evaluated. The complete archive (2002–2012) of MERIS (Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer) full resolution data was processed using the water processor developed by Free University Berlin (FUB) to derive aerosol optical thickness (AOT), remote-sensing reflectance (Rrs) and water quality parameters: chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentration, coloured dissolved organic matter absorption at 443 nm (CDOM), and total suspended matter (TSM) concentration. The objective was to investigate if, either, FUB reflectance products in combination with potential lake-specific band ratio algorithms for water quality estimation, or directly, FUB water quality products, could complement the existing monitoring programme.Application of lake-specific band ratio algorithms requires high-quality reflectance products based on correctly estimated AOT. The FUB reflectance and AOT products were evaluated using Aerosol Robotic Network – Ocean Color (AERONET-OC) match-up data measured at station Pålgrunden in Lake Vänern. The mean absolute percentage differences (MAPDs) of the final reflectance retrievals at 413, 443, 490, 555, and 665 nm were 510%, 48%, 33%, 34%, and 33%, respectively, corresponding to a large positive bias in 413 nm, positive bias in 443–555 nm, and a negative bias in 665 nm. AOT was strongly overestimated in all bands.The FUB water quality products were evaluated using match-up in situ data of chl-a, filtered absorbance (AbsF(420)) and turbidity as AbsF(420) is related to CDOM and turbidity is strongly related to TSM. The in situ data was collected within the Swedish national and regional monitoring programmes. In order to widen the range of water constituents and add more data to the analysis, data from four large Swedish lakes (Vänern, Vättern, Mälaren, and Hjälmaren) was included in the analysis. High correlation (r ≥ 0.85) between in situ data and MERIS FUB derived water quality estimates were obtained, but the absolute levels were over- (chl-a) or under- (CDOM) estimated. TSM was retrieved without bias.Calibration algorithms were established for chl-a and CDOM based on the match-up data from all four lakes. After calibration of the MERIS FUB data, realistic time series could be derived that were well in line with in situ measurements. The MAPDs of the final retrievals of chl-a, AbsF(420) and Turbidity in Lake Vänern were 37%, 15%, and 35%, respectively, corresponding to mean absolute differences (MADs) of 0.9 µg l−1, 0.17 m−1, and 0.32 mg l−1 in absolute values.The partly inaccurate reflectance estimations in combination with both positive and negative bias imply that successful application of band ratio algorithms is unlikely. The high correlation between MERIS FUB water quality products and in situ data, on the other hand, shows a potential to complement present water quality monitoring programmes and improve the understanding and representability of the temporally and spatially sparse in situ observations. The monitoring potential shown in this study is applicable to the Sentinel-3 mission’s OLCI (Ocean Land Colour Instrument), which was launched by the European Space Agency (ESA) in February 2016 as a part of the EC Copernicus programme.

A Wireless Sensor Network-Based Approach with Decision Support for Monitoring Lake Water Quality.

Online monitoring and water quality analysis of lakes are urgently needed. A feasible and effective approach is to use a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). Lake water environments, like other real world environments, present many changing and unpredictable situations. To ensure flexibility in such an environment, the WSN node has to be prepared to deal with varying situations. This paper presents a WSN self-configuration approach for lake water quality monitoring. The approach is based on the integration of a semantic framework, where a reasoner can make decisions on the configuration of WSN services. We present a WSN ontology and the relevant water quality monitoring context information, which considers its suitability in a pervasive computing environment. We also propose a rule-based reasoning engine that is used to conduct decision support through reasoning techniques and context-awareness. To evaluate the approach, we conduct usability experiments and performance benchmarks.

Improving Inland Water Quality Monitoring through Remote Sensing Techniques

Chlorophyll-a (chl-a) levels in lake water could indicate the presence of cyanobacteria, which can be a concern for public health due to their potential to produce toxins. Monitoring of chl-a has been an important practice in aquatic systems, especially in those used for human services, as they imply an increased risk of exposure. Remote sensing technology is being increasingly used to monitor water quality, although its application in cases of small urban lakes is limited by the spatial resolution of the sensors. Lake Thonotosassa, FL, USA, a 3.45-km2 suburban lake with several uses for the local population, is being monitored monthly by traditional methods. We developed an empirical bio-optical algorithm for the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) daily surface reflectance product to monitor daily chl-a. We applied the same algorithm to four different periods of the year using 11 years of water quality data. Normalized root mean squared errors were lower during the first (0.27) and second (0.34) trimester and increased during the third (0.54) and fourth (1.85) trimesters of the year. Overall results showed that Earth-observing technologies and, particularly, MODIS products can also be applied to improve environmental health management through water quality monitoring of small lakes.

Enabling the Use of Earth Observation Data for Integrated Water Resource Management in Africa with the Water Observation and Information System

The Water Observation and Information System (WOIS) is an open source software tool for monitoring, assessing and inventorying water resources in a cost-effective manner using Earth Observation (EO) data. The WOIS has been developed by, among others, the authors of this paper under the TIGER-NET project, which is a major component of the TIGER initiative of the European Space Agency (ESA) and whose main goal is to support the African Earth Observation Capacity for Water Resource Monitoring. TIGER-NET aims to support the satellite-based assessment and monitoring of water resources from watershed to cross-border basin levels through the provision of a free and powerful software package, with associated capacity building, to African authorities. More than 28 EO data processing solutions for water resource management tasks have been developed, in correspondence with the requirements of the participating key African water authorities, and demonstrated with dedicated case studies utilizing the software in operational scenarios. They cover a wide range of themes and information products, including basin-wide characterization of land and water resources, lake water quality monitoring, hydrological modeling and flood forecasting and mapping. For each monitoring task, step-by-step workflows were developed, which can either be adjusted by the user or largely automatized to feed into existing data streams and reporting schemes. The WOIS enables African water authorities to fully exploit the increasing EO capacity offered by current and upcoming generations of satellites, including the Sentinel missions.

Applied-Information Technology in Research of Security Processing Based on IOT Data

Internet of things (IOT) has become an important trend in the development of information technology. How to deal with huge amounts of internet data is becoming more and more important. In this paper, we have a further research in the technology of applied-information about mass content of network data security processing model. This model is mainly composed of massive internet of data acquisition, data storage, based on the rules of mass data processing and data security management, etc. The model can be applied to all kinds of massive internet data monitoring system based on rules, such as: the lake water quality monitoring system based on Internet of things, PM2.5 monitoring system, and so on.

Remote sensing based water quality monitoring in Chivero and Manyame lakes of Zimbabwe

Lakes Chivero and Manyame are amongst Zimbabwe’s most polluted inland water bodies. MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometry level 1b full resolution imagery for 2011 and 2012 were used to derive chlorophyll-a (chl_a) and phycocyanin (blue-green algae) concentrations using a semi-empirical band ratio model; total suspended matter (TSM) concentrations were derived from the MERIS processor. In-situ measured chl_a was used to validate the remotely sensed values. Results indicate that remote sensing measurements are comparable with in situ measurements. A strong positive correlation (R2=0.91; MAE=2.75mg/m3 (8.5%)) and p<0.01 (highly significant)) between measured and modeled chl_a concentrations was obtained. Relationships between optically active water constituents were assessed. Measured chl_a correlated well with MERIS modeled phycocyanin (PC) concentration (R2=0.9458; p<0.01 (highly significant)) whilst chl_a and TSM gave (R2=0.7344; p<0.05 (significant)). Modeled TSM and PC concentrations manifested a good relationship with each other (R2=9047; p<0.001 (very highly significant)). We conclude that remote sensing data allow simultaneous retrieval of different water quality parameters as well as providing near real time and space results that can be used by water managers and policy makers to monitor water bodies.

A geostatistical approach to optimize water quality monitoring networks in large lakes: Application to Lake Winnipeg

Water quality monitoring in lakes is often done by regularly sampling water quality variables of interest at fixed stations. Station location is a critical component of monitoring network design. Geostatistical methods were used to quantify redundancy in an intentionally dense network of lake stations on Lake Winnipeg, Canada. Water isotope samples (δ2H, δ18O) were collected approximately every 1–2km during research cruises in September–October 2009, for a total of 240 lakewide stations. Two statistical approaches were used to assess redundancy: 1) kriging, a spatial interpolation technique, was performed in a reduced multivariate space and kriging variance was used to assess the suitability of the sampled network configuration; and 2) Local Moran's I values were calculated. Moran's I identified clusters of stations that were similar or different.Good kriging models were developed for both δ2H and δ18O. When assessed individually, a large number of stations were identified as redundant but redundancy was based on the premise that all other stations remained in the network. When the analysis was performed on clusters of stations, within each cluster, up to four stations could be removed without significant loss of information. Relationships of redundancy were confirmed by Local Moran's I values. In combination, these techniques identified stations that were statistically important or redundant. This study emphasizes the importance of completing the evaluation of information provided by an individual station with information from clusters of stations within a network.

Water quality and water-use conflicts in Lake Taabo (Ivory Coast)

The Lake Taabo (Ivory Coast, Africa) results of the construction of the Taabo dam on the Bandama River. The changes in the water level of the 69-km2 lake depend on 1) the rainfall linked to alternating dry/wet seasons; 2) the extraction of water for human uses; 3) the discharge of water from the upstream dam and the volumes turbined by the Kossou dam; 4) the various anthropic effects (discharge of untreated waste water from towns and industries, and leaching from agricultural land). The average concentrations of nutrients (NH4-N: 1.1 mg/L, NO3-N: 1.62 mg/L, PO4-P: 10 mg/L, SiO2: 15 mg/L) and chlo- rophyll a (from 4.8 to 16.5 μg/L, average 11.4 μg/L) indicates some degree of eutrophication. The cumulated effects that threaten the ecosystem (degradation of water quality and eutrophication) are such that they are likely to interfere with various water uses. In a context of growing health and environmental concerns in Africa, this study demonstrates conflicts between different uses of this water resource and the urgent need for an appropriate policy including specific monitoring of lake water quality, wastewater control, and a programme to reduce agricultural fertilizers.

Suitability assessment of lake water quality monitoring on waterbody images acquired by HJ-1A hyperspectral imager:a case study of Lake Chaohu

环境一号星座的A星(HJ-1A)上搭载了超光谱成像仪(HSI), 它是具有高光谱分辨率的全新国产遥感数据源, 为水质遥感特别是内陆水质遥感提供了新的高光谱数据.但HSI影像的处理方法尚不完善, 在广泛应用于水质遥感前对其进行质量研究和评价非常必要.本文针对HSI数据在巢湖水质监测应用方面的适宜性, 对信噪比和数据真实性、倾斜条纹去除方法、大气校正方法等方面分别进行了评价.结果表明, HSI水体图像在530-900nm波段范围内数据质量较为真实可靠;6S与FLAASH方法均能有效去除大气效应, 在530-830nm范围内效果较好。;The hyperspectral imager(HSI) is loaded on the HJ-1A satellite, which is a new source of home-made data with high spectral resolution and provides new remote sensing data for water quality, especially for lake water quality monitoring.Because the processing method of HSI images is underdeveloped, the quality evaluation and research for HSI images are necessary before it is extensively used in water-quality remote sensing.Suitability of lake water quality monitoring in Lake Chaohu by HSI image is as-sessed via data verifying, signal-to-noise computing, stripes removing and atmospheric correcting.The results show that HSI data of waterbody is reliable between wave bands 530-900 nm.Both 6S and FLAASH algorithm works well in atmospheric correction of HSI data, and the best range is at the 530-830 nm.

Estimation of waste outputs by a rainbow trout cage farm using a nutritional approach and monitoring of lake water quality

Nutrients released by cage fish farms to the aquatic environment are an issue of concern since these can result in deleterious environmental changes. In the present study, a mass balance model was used to calculate nutrient loadings from an experimental rainbow trout cage farm located in a freshwater, oligotrophic lake. Detection of these nutrient loadings using water quality monitoring was then investigated.The loading of total solids of faecal and feed origin (TS), solid phosphorus (SP) and nitrogen (SN), and dissolved P (DP) and N (DN) wastes from the farmed fish were estimated over two production cycles. Waste outputs were estimated using the Fish-PrFEQ feed requirement and waste output model using measured inputs including diet composition, nutrient digestibility, intake and retention by the fish, and water temperature. Nutrient loading predictions were compared with measured nutrient concentrations of lake water.In 2003, TS, SN and SP and DN and DP waste outputs were 236.0, 12.8, 5.3, 41.3, and 3.4kgtonne−1 of fish produced, respectively. In 2004, the TS, SN and SP and DN and DP waste outputs were 220.0, 12.2, 5.3, 38.0, and 3.4kgtonne−1 of fish produced, respectively. Over 60% of the P waste output from the cage was predicted to be solid for both years while over 65% of the total N waste from the cage farm was predicted to be excreted as ammonia. Concentrations of ammonia and of dissolved and particulate phosphorus were not reflective of waste loading of cage origin, suggesting efficient removal through uptake by biota and/or in the case of ammonia by nitrification.Fish-PrFEQ model is a valuable cage management tool that allows realistic estimation of waste outputs for cage farms and can be used to examine effect of management and feeding practices on waste outputs. However, the model is of limited use as a lake management tool, as it does not consider effects and fate of wastes released by fish. Similarly, reliance on periodic water quality monitoring at stations near cage farms may not be protective of the environment, as our results demonstrate that rapid diffusion, uptake, transformation and removal of nutrients resulted in water quality measures that were relatively insensitive to cage loading. Combining the Fish-PrFEQ model with a consideration of assimilative capacity of the system in addition to the monitoring of chemical and biological variables of the lake is recommended for environmental impact assessment of cage culture operations.

New Developments in Real-Time Kinematic Water Quality Monitoring of Lakes and River Basins

The kinematic approach to water monitoring of rivers and lakes was by Archimedes Logica under the EU initiatives (LIFE1996) for the monitoring of the Lagoon of Venice. These systems were limited to the measurement of typical basic parameters: pH, Eh, salinity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, temperature and immersion depth. However, this earlier system was unable to help against pollution from hydrocarbons. In this paper, the authors present a new kinematic monitoring system named AQUARIUS, which integrates a new generation of automatic chemical and biological analyzers. Automatic sampling and measurement equipment for micro-organism discrimination and counting are present, especially for detecting dangerous species like toxic algae. This article describes the wide spectrum of applications of the new AQUARIUS system: safety control of freshwater reservoirs, detection of urban and agriculture impacts on inland waters and early warning detection of man-made accidents, which are aided by the adoption of new mobile measurement equipment and broadband data channels offered by the modern 3G network.

Efficient Informative Sensing using Multiple Robots

The need for efficient monitoring of spatio-temporal dynamics in large environmental applications, such as the water quality monitoring in rivers and lakes, motivates the use of robotic sensors in order to achieve sufficient spatial coverage. Typically, these robots have bounded resources, such as limited battery or limited amounts of time to obtain measurements. Thus, careful coordination of their paths is required in order to maximize the amount of information collected, while respecting the resource constraints. In this paper, we present an efficient approach for near-optimally solving the NP-hard optimization problem of planning such informative paths. In particular, we first develop eSIP (efficient Single-robot Informative Path planning), an approximation algorithm for optimizing the path of a single robot. Hereby, we use a Gaussian Process to model the underlying phenomenon, and use the mutual information between the visited locations and remainder of the space to quantify the amount of information collected. We prove that the mutual information collected using paths obtained by using eSIP is close to the information obtained by an optimal solution. We then provide a general technique, sequential allocation, which can be used to extend any single robot planning algorithm, such as eSIP, for the multi-robot problem. This procedure approximately generalizes any guarantees for the single-robot problem to the multi-robot case. We extensively evaluate the effectiveness of our approach on several experiments performed in-field for two important environmental sensing applications, lake and river monitoring, and simulation experiments performed using several real world sensor network data sets.

Efficient informative sensing using multiple robots

The need for efficient monitoring of spatio-temporal dynamics in large environmental applications, such as the water quality monitoring in rivers and lakes, motivates the use of robotic sensors in ...

Selection of appropriate sampling stations in a lake through mapping

Much valuable information is obtained from water quality measurements and monitoring of lakes around the world. A powerful tool is the use of mapping techniques, as it offers potential use in water quality research. Both remote sensing techniques and traditional water quality monitoring are required to collect data at sampling stations. This study suggests another approach to determine the most appropriate distribution of sampling stations in water reservoirs that will be mapped for water quality parameters. Tests were conducted for the proposed approach for Secchi disc depth (SDD), chlorophyll-a, turbidity and suspended solids parameters in Lake Beysehir, Turkey. Results of analysis are available for a total of 30 sampling stations in August 2006. Ten sampling stations were used to model Lake Beysehir while the others were used for validation of the model. Sampling stations that offered the best representation of the lake for each parameter were determined. Then, the best representative sampling stations for all parameters in the study were determined. Moreover, in order to confirm the accuracy of these re-determined sampling stations, modelling was performed on the results of the analysis of June 2006, and it was found that the values obtained from the re-determined sampling stations were acceptable.