Lake Glubokoe Research Articles

Труды ВНИРО. Т. 184. С. 149–158 149 Видеосистема для мониторинга зоопланктона и частиц взвеси

At present, the measurement of the vertical structure of the distribution of particulate matter is performed using labor-intensive methods using sampling with plankton nets or bathometers, followed by visual microscopic examination of samples in a laboratory. For real-time monitoring of water areas (ecological and fishery tasks), video recording of plankton and other particulate matter with real-time image transmission to the operator is relevant. Colored in situ images obtained from a ship using a probe on a carrying cable make it possible to quickly estimate the concentration of particles at the horizons, and visually select zoo and phytoplankton. An analysis of the currently existing equipment for recording plankton images is given, its shortcomings are indicated, and our own experience in the development and test results of the original video recording equipment created in this case is described. The design of a high-resolution submersible camera (2048x1436 pixels) with an original lighting system with rod lamps based on powerful white LEDs, an instantly recorded volume of 150 cubic centimeters, is described. Examples of registration of images of cultured freshwater daphnia in laboratory conditions are shown. The results of work with the camera in October 2019 at the Hydrobiological Station of A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution (Lake Glubokoe, Ruzsky District of the Moscow Region) with obtaining color images of suspended matter to a depth of 30 m with simultaneous measurement of the temperature and concentration of oxygen dissolved in water are presented. By subsequent visual processing of the images obtained at different depths, an estimated profile of the distribution of zooplankton in depth was obtained. The result of research, laboratory and field tests was the creation of an operational monitoring video recording system that allows visual studies of plankton in situ; ways to improve the characteristics of the system are shown.

Copepod Cyclops bohater (Crustacea, Copepoda) in the European Part of Russia

In 2008–2014, two new habitats of Cyclops bohater Kozminsky, 1933 were found in the European part of Russia, Lake Ferapontovskoe (Vologda oblast) and the Rybinsk Reservoir (Upper Volga River). The findings of this species were also confirmed for Lake Glubokoe (Moscow oblast). The morphological features and living conditions of C. bohater populations in different water bodies are described. C. bohater reproduces in the studied lakes in winter and summer (dicyclic) and, in the Rybinsk Reservoir, only in winter (monocyclic). The features that distinguish C. bohater from morphologically related species C. lacustris Sars, 1863 and C. abyssorum Sars, 1863 are discussed.

Finding of the Thermophilic Harpacticoid Species Elaphoidella bidens (Schmeil 1893) in the Vychegda River (Northern Dvina, White Sea Basin)

A harpacticoid copepod (Copepoda: Harpacticoida) species, Elaphoidella bidens, which was new for the North-East of European Russia, was found in the Vychegda River in July 2018. The species was identified in the area where heated wastewater is discharged from the wood-processing plant. The species was found in the extreme north of its range (61°48′ N). The present study compares the morphological, biological and ecological properties of this species with those of another native representative of the genus – E. gracilis. Comparison of morphology of the Vychegda E. bidens and individuals from tropical populations (New Zealand, Borneo, Vietnam) and populations of the temperate zone (Romania, Lake Glubokoe in Moscow region) showed that the structures of their antennae, body somites, swimming and rudimentary legs, and the caudal rami were similar in representatives of all populations. The fact that a thermophilic species was found for the first time in the northern region is indicative of potential changes in fauna diversity caused by thermal pollution or warming

Day-night differences in crustacean zooplankton in Lake Glubokoe and Mozhaysk Reservoir (European Russia)

We present the first results of our research on day-night differences of crustacean zooplankton in Lake Glubokoe and Mozhaysk Reservoir. We found increases in pelagic crustacean zooplankton density and biomass at night in both lakes. Changes in quantity and species composition were more prominent and statistically significant in Mozhaysk Reservoir than in Lake Glubokoe. We observed only a slight increase in zooplankton density and biomass and a shift between dominant species distribution in Lake Glubokoe. The changes we observed appear to be caused by horizontal zooplankton migration.

Appearance of the Siberian Flying Squirrel, Pteromys volans L., 1785 (Sciuridae, Mammalia), in the Lake Glubokoe Nature Reserve, Moscow Region

Журнал принимает на русском и английском языках статьи, представляющие результаты научных исследований в различных областях теоретической и прикладной экологии. Приоритет отдается научным статьям, основанным на явно сформулированных гипотезах.

Nutrient and organic matter dynamics in Lake Glubokoe

In this paper we present the results of field observations carried out at Lake Glubokoe (Moscow Region) in 2017–2019. Basic characteristics of the vertical distribution of main nutrient elements (phosphorus, nitrogen, and silicon) and organic matter (COD and chlorophyll-a) content are shown, along with their seasonal ranges. Due to the lack of surface runoff into the lake, the concentrations of total phosphorus and nitrogen are generally low throughout the year, with almost total depletion of inorganic phosphorus in the epilimnion during the growing season. Sufficient microbial activity allows most of the inorganic nitrogen to be presented in the nitrate form, except for late summer and fall, when plankton death rate exceeds bacterial nitrification capacity. During the period of hypolimnetic anoxia, significant amounts of mineral phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen are released from the bottom sediments. COD value shows a correlation with the intensity of both phyto- and zooplankton growth, which also affect the nutrient content.

Ecological state evaluation for Lake Glubokoe in Moscow region

This study aims to assess the trophic state of a small lake in modern climatic conditions using a one-dimensional model called MyLake, developed at the Norwegian Institute for Water Research. This temperate Lake Glubokoe, situated in the western part of Moscow region, Russia, is chosen as the study object. It is a small but deep dimictic lake, classified in publications as mesotrophic. Its hydrological and water quality observations were mostly conducted in the first half of the 20th century and are only occasional in later years. The model is calibrated on extensive hydrological observation data collected during the growing season of 2017. It is validated on observation data of 1991–2015. After the model is adapted via an automatic optimization, it is able to accurately describe the lake’s thermal regime and dynamics of the parameters needed for the trophic state evaluation – the mineral phosphorus and chlorophyll concentrations. The Lake Glubokoe trophic state dynamics, based on the average summer chlorophyll concentration in the surface layer, is reviewed from a model simulation of its hydro-ecological regime over 1991–2015. The mean trophic state over this period is determined as β-mesotrophic, reaching an α-eutrophic state in periods of intensive algal growth. These estimates correlate well with the observations of the zooplankton dynamics in the lake.

Migrations of Fish in Lake Glubokoе

Daily and seasonal cyclicity, directivity, and area of the fish migration in the main ecological zones of Lake Glubokoe have been revealed with the help of hydroacoustic complexes. Mass appearance of fish in the epipelagial and profundal of the water body is observed at dusk and at night, and they return to the littoral and sublittoral with the dawn. In the summer, vertical migrations of fish occur mainly in the near-surface layers of the water column, and the fish also occupy the profundal in late autumn.

Comparative morphological and genetic analysis of populations and species of the genus Daphnia O.F. Müller, 1785 (Crustacea; Daphniidae) from Lake Glubokoe and Lake Chany

The results of analysis of the variability of body shape of different Daphnia galeata morphs from geographically distinct populations—Lake Glubokoe (Moscow oblast) and Lake Chany (Novosibirsk oblast) are given. The morphological analysis was combined with the analysis of the variability of fragments of the 16S and 12S genes of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) of the nuclear DNA. A reconstruction of the phylogenetic relationships between species of the genus Daphnia has been performed using a combined fragment of the 16S and 12S genes of the mtDNA. An inconsistency in the distribution of the 12S- and ITS2-haplotypes for the species D. galeata has been revealed, which indicates the introgression of mtDNA in the Lake Chany population.

New data on alien species of parasites and hosts in the ecosystem of Lake Glubokoe (Moscow oblast, Russia)

Lake Glubokoe (Moscow oblast, Russia) is one of the most investigated water bodies of Europe. We detected new parasite species for the ecosystem of the lake (alien for territory of Europe): coccidian Goussia obstinata (in invasive alien fish Perccottus glenii) and copepod Neoergasilus japonicus (on aboriginal ruff Gymnocephalus cernuus). The given coccidian is host-specific for P. glenii and was introduced in the lake together with its host. Participation of P. glenii in circulation of recorded heteroxenous helminthes (Isthmiophora melis, Azygia lucii, and Raphidascaris acus) was revealed. This is confirmed by the data on trophic links of their obligatory definitive hosts (American mink Neovison vison and northern pike Esox lucius) with P. glenii in Lake Glubokoe.

Assessing the adverse load in two artificial water bodies of the Dubna C.: Diatom analysis

Diatom complexes from two ponds and one lake were compared and analyzed. The samples were taken from modern bottom sediments. All water bodies are situated in Moscow oblast. The ponds in the boundaries of Dubna C. are of artificial origin, while Lake Glubokoe is a natural water body. The degree of adverse changes in the structure of diatom complexes does not depend on the origin of the water body but is determined by the overall level of anthropogenic load. The study suggests the conclusion that the results of studies of diatom complexes from natural lakes and artificial ponds can be combined.

Sellaphora smirnovii (Bacillariophyta, Sellaphoraceae), a new small-celled species from Lake Glubokoe, European Russia, together with transfer of Navicula pseudoventralis to the genus Sellaphora

A new small-celled species of the genus Sellaphora is described from Lake Glubokoe (Moscow Region, European Russia). For another taxon (also small-celled), a new combination in the same genus is proposed. Both species were studied with light and scanning electron microscopy. Analysis of valve morphology supported assignment to the genus Sellaphora. Sellaphora smirnovii sp. nov. is morphologically most similar to S. pulchra, however it differs from the latter in shape of valve apices, striation pattern and absence of a marginal fold. This taxon is also compared to other morphologically similar species. Navicula pseudoventralis is transferred to the genus Sellaphora as Sellaphora pseudoventralis comb. nov. Observations on S. pseudoventralis showed the presence of biseriate striae, similar to those found in S. seminulum and S. barae.

Life under ice in the perennial ice‐covered Lake Glubokoe in Summer (East Antarctica)

AbstractThis study focuses on hydrological and biotic variables in Lake Glubokoe, which is located in Thala Hills of Enderby Land (East Antarctica). Water and sediment samples and physical measurements were collected once a week in the austral summer (19 December 2010 – 6 February 2011). This lake exhibits perennial ice cover that reached a thickness of 2.5–2.7 m during the study period. A very low concentration of planktonic chlorophyll‐a (0.06–0.45 μg L−1) was measured in the lake, indicating its ultra‐oligotrophic status. The water was poorly populated by algae and metazoans, especially in upper waters below ice cover to a depth of 2 m. Small planktonic organisms (2–5 μm) were observed throughout the study period, but larger organisms (>8 μm) such as the cyanobacteria Planktolyngbya limnetica occurred only during the warmest period (January). Only few individuals of metazoans (rotifers) were found in planktonic samples. Due to deep light penetration (10–15% of incoming active solar radiation reached the depth of 30 m), thick cyanobacterial mats (30 cm) cover all the bottom surface (grey silts) in the lake. Abundant benthic biota associated with these mats was found (up to 1000 ind. m−2). Among the benthic metazoans, bdelloid rotifers and tardigrades were the dominating taxa. The results of this study suggest a typical ecological feature of most subglacial lakes in East Antarctica is that metazoans are very poor in the pelagic zone, preferring instead to occupy an area near the lake bottom because of a favourable constant temperature of 4 °C, good level of dissolved oxygen and available food resources as the bacterial detritus.

Summer and autumn distribution of fish in Lake Glubokoe

Seasonal (summer and autumn) and diurnal (day and night) distribution of fish in Lake Glubokoe (Moscow oblast) was analyzed using vertical and horizontal scanning research hydroacoustic systems. At the beginning of summer the distribution of the fish in lake is broad and homogeneous whereas in autumn it is more compact. Pelagic aggregations of the fish are aggregated mostly in the central part of this lake both in summer and autumn during the day. However, at night they scattered throughout its whole area. The pattern of the fish distribution depends on the cycles of the abiotic conditions and the concomitant pattern of trophic and defensive relationships.

Химический состав и биологическая активность сапропеля оз. Глубокое (Татарстан)

Detailed information about qualitative and quantitative composition of individual components of the group sapropel from the lake Glubokoe (Tatarstan), as well as on the biological activity of different sapropel preparations were obtained by means of the methods Fourier spectroscopy, UV/Vis, NMR spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, preparative Thin-layer chro-matography (TLC) with witnesses, elemental and functional analysis. Sequential scheme of extraction, acid-alkaline hydrolysis, preparative TLC source of sapropel and individual components of organic matter was developed. Amino acids, sugars, carboxylic acids, alcohols, ketones, flavonida, n-, ISO - and cycloalkanes, vitamins, derivatives of phenol, naftalan, chlorophyll, carotenoids, quinones, anthocyanins, metalloporphyrins were identified. Most of them have close genetic relationship with the source material, which is involved in sapropel formation, having a high biological activity. Biological testing of different sapropel preparations using bacteria St. Aureus, E. Coli, C. Diphythriac gravis, the fungi of the Candida albicans type were made. Significant bactericidal effect of sapropel preparations was established and it is comparable to those for synthetic antibiotics type hydro-cortisone, prednisolone.

A study of Bacillariophyta flora in water bodies and water courses of the Messoyakha River (Gydansky Peninsula)

A total of 236 species and intraspecific taxa of Bacillariophyta diatoms from 55 genera, including 15 new ones for Russian flora, were found in an SEM study of phytoplankton in Lake Glubokoe and large tributaries (Nizhnyaya Messoyakha, Purparod, Erparod, Paravanga, and Nyakhataparod) in the basin of the lower reaches of the Messoyakha River. The maximum species diversity was recorded in the tributaries Nizhnyaya Messoyakha (117), Nyakhataparod (109), and Lake Glubokoe (97). The following species are the most widespread in the studied water bodies: Asterionella formosa, Aulacoseira subarctica, Navicula cryptocephala, Nitzschia gracilis, and Tabellaria flocculosa.

Long-term transformation of diatom assemblages in Lakes Boroe and Glubokoe

A method of graphical analysis of the diatom assemblages’ taxonomic structure allows revealing two main scenarios of their transformations. The first scenario is determined by the external abiotic influence during which the internal ecosystem parameters remain stable. The second scenario is determined by the change in the internal ecosystem parameters and corresponds to the transitional periods in the ecosystem development. The diatom assemblages of the bottom sediments from Lake Boroe (Novgorod oblast) and Lake Glubokoe (Moscow oblast) have been studied. Throughout the entire studied period (the last 500–550 years), only the first scenario was typical of the Lake Boroe ecosystem. As for Lake Glubokoe, we have revealed two periods during which the second scenario occurred and two transitional periods when the second scenario dominated. Thus, the ecosystem of Lake Boroe remained stable during the last 500 years, whereas the ecosystem of Lake Glubokoe underwent serious modifications.

Detection of the emerging amphibian pathogens Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and ranavirus in Russia.

In a population of the European common toad Bufo bufo from a rural pond in the region of Lake Glubokoe Regional Reserve in Moscow province, Russia, unexplained mass mortality events involving larvae and metamorphs have been observed over a monitoring period of >20 yr. We tested toads from this and a nearby site for the emerging amphibian pathogens Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) and ranavirus (Rv). Both pathogens were detected, and at the rural pond site, with the above-noted losses and decline in toad breeding success, 40% of B. bufo metamorphs were Bd positive, 46% were Rv positive and 20% were co-infected with both pathogens. Toad metamorphs from a neighbouring water body were also Bd and Rv positive (25 and 55%, respectively). This is the first confirmation of these pathogens in Russia. Questions remain as to the origins of these pathogens in Russia and their roles in documented mass mortality events.

Морфология панциря видов рода Staurosira sensu stricto (Bacillariophyceae) из озера Глубокого (Московская область)

Frustule morphology of 9 species from the araphid diatom genus Staurosira Ehrenberg found in Lake Glubokoe (Moscow Region, Russia) was studied both with light and scanning electron microscopy. On the basis of morphological data new combination Staurosira neoproducta (Lange-Bertalot) Chudaev et Gololobova comb. nov. is proposed. Importance of some features for species delimitation in the genus Staurosira is discussed. It was shown that S. venter (Ehrenberg) Cleve et Moller represents a comlex of weakly distinguishable entities.

PUNCTASTRIATA GLUBOKOENSIS SPEC. NOV., A NEW SPECIES OF ‘FRAGILARIOID’ DIATOM FROM LAKE GLUBOKOE, RUSSIA

A new species of ‘fragilarioid’ diatom belonging to the genus Punctastriata Williams & Round is described from Lake Glubokoe (Moscow Area, Russia). P. glubokoensis sp. nov. shares particular features of the genus Punctastriata: multiseriate striae, lack of rimo-portulae, presence of a single apical pore field and a single apical depression. It has widely elliptical, slightly heteropolar valves, with rounded apices; lanceolate central sternum and radiate striae. Spines are located on the costae, and the base of each spine bears two small flat projections, oriented along sternum. The epicingulum consists of three elements: a wide, open valvocopula and two narrower copulae. Relationships of P. glubokoensis sp. nov. to other species In Punctastriata are discussed.