Lagoa Seca Research Articles

COMPOSITION, BODY-SIZE STRUCTURE AND BIOMASS OF ZOOPLANKTON IN A HIGH-ELEVATION TEMPORARY POND (MINAS GERAIS, BRAZIL)

Small ponds are vital inland water bodies, recognized as small repositories of freshwater biodiversity, but neglected in terms of conservation. Although high-elevation ponds are difficult to sample and monitor, it is important to extend their study, in view of their importance to aquatic biodiversity. The aim of this study was to analyze the composition, size structure biomass and diversity of zooplankton community in a temporary pond (Lagoa Seca) of a low-alpine area in the southern part of Serra do Espinhaco mountain in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Three ecological aspects were analyzed: (I) the taxonomic composition of the zooplankton assemblage, (II) the size structure and biomass of the main groups in the zooplankton community and (III) whether the morphometric characteristics and biomass of the zooplankton result from the dominance of the microzooplankton, as expected in habitats subjected to frequent and strong disturbances, such as temporary ponds. Zooplankton samples were taken during the rainy period (Oc­tober 2010 to January 2011) in different mesohabitats, from the shallowest areas covered by emergent macrophytes to the open water area covered mainly by submerged macrophytes. The zooplankton community consisted of a small number of taxa (29). Rotifera showed the highest richness, with 21 taxa recorded, of which the most constant species were the cosmopolitan Lecane lunaris , L. obtusa and Lepadella patella . Among the Cladocera, Bosmina freyi and Moina minuta were the pelagic species recorded. The other cladoceran species observed are associated with littoral vegetation, and represented mainly by Alona ossiani , Chydorus pubescens , Ephemeroporus tridentatus and Ilyocryptus spinifer . The zooplankton biomass was very low (the maximum dry weight, observed at the peak of the rainy period in January was 62 ? g.m -3 ). The zooplankton community was dominated by the microzooplankton, with the maximum body length below 900 ? m. This assemblage was very changeable in the short term, both in numerical density and size structure, probably because of the highly variable hydrological regime of the pond. The results from zooplankton composition, including the first record of the rotifer Microcodon clavus to Minas Gerais state and the second in Brazil, highlighted the important role that high-elevation temporary ponds can play as aquatic biodiversity reserves. These unique ecosystems deserve greater efforts of research and monitoring, including studies of their hydrological pat­terns, biological diversity, and adaptive mechanisms of the zooplankton community. Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE

Produção de Helianthus annuus L. submetido à adubação orgânica com manipueira

Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) is an annual plant native to the Americas. Is a grain-producing species with a high oil content, which can be used as a source of biodiesel as well as fodder. The cassava is a liquid derived from the cassava flour production. This organic waste can be used in agriculture due to its high content of nutrients such as, K, N, P, Ca, Mg and S and also avoiding harm the environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the productivity of sunflower using organic fertilization with cassava. The experiment was conducted under field conditions at Lagoa Seca, PB State, and were analyzed the total production (PS), dry mass of the inflorescence (FCA), dry mass of seeds and inflorescence (FSC) and total dry biomass (FT). The highest yield (934.52 kg ha -1 ) was obtained with no applied cassava. The dosage of 250 mL of cassava yielded maximum values for dry mass of the inflorescence (2,380 kg ha -1 ) and dry matter of the seeds and inflorescence (3,432 kg ha -1 ), promoting a increase of 32.03% and 132.55% respectively when compared to the control treatment. The higher value of total biomass was 28,017 kg ha -1 when applied 375 mL of manipueria. The cassava as a source of organic fertilizer favors the dry matter accumulation of sunflower without raising the grain yield.

INDICADORES DE QUALIDADE DO SOLO SOB DIFERENTES SISTEMAS DE USO NA MESORREGIÃO DO AGRESTE PARAIBANO

RESUMO: Os sistemas de cultivo modificam os atributos do solo, podendo alterar sua qualidade. O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as alterações nos atributos físicos, químicos e biológicos de solos sob sistemas de cultivo orgânico (solos cultivados organicamente há mais de sete anos), em conversão para orgânico e convencional, tendo como referência o solo sob mata, assim como identificar os atributos a serem utilizados como indicadores de qualidade do solo. Foram selecionadas três áreas de propriedades agrícolas, localizadas nos municípios de Areia, Remígio e Lagoa Seca, Paraíba, para a coleta de amostras de solo deformadas, nas camadas de 0-10 e 10-20 cm. Os dados foram submetidos à ANOVA, Teste de Tukey e Análise de Componentes Principais. Houve redução da densidade do solo (Ds) e aumento da porosidade total (PT) no sistema de cultivo orgânico comparado aos sistemas de cultivo em conversão para orgânico e convencional. Os teores de fósforo e de carbono orgânico (CO), a soma de bases (SB), a capacidade de troca catiônica (CTC), a matéria orgânica particulada leve (MOPL), o carbono da matéria orgânica particulada leve (CMOPL), a respiração edáfica (RE) e o pH dos solos sob cultivo orgânico foram superiores aos obtidos nos solos sob cultivo convencional. O cultivo em bases orgânicas proporcionou a manutenção da qualidade do solo em condições semelhantes e/ou melhores que a condição de mata e para as condições deste trabalho os indicadores mais adequados para analisar o cultivo em bases orgânicas foram Ds, PT, CO, MOPL, CMOPL, pH, SB, CTC e RE.

First record of Ceratium furcoides (Dinophyta), an invasive species, in a temporary high-altitude lake in the Iron Quadrangle (MG, Southeast Brazil).

Dinoflagellates of the genus Ceratium are generally marine organisms, but rare occurrences in freshwater have been observed in Brazil. In this paper we are recording for the first time the presence of Ceratium furcoides, an invasive species, in a shallow, natural intermittent pool formed at a high-altitude at the southern end of the Iron Quadrangle, an iron-mining district of Minas Gerais State (Southeast Brazil). Samples were collected in October and November of 2010 (rainy period). The population density of this organism observed in Lagoa Seca ("Dry Pool") was very low, at most 4 ind L-1. Mountain lakes are extremely vulnerable to atmospheric deposition of organisms, making them valuable witnesses both of the many forms of impact arising from human activities and of the extended global connections that facilitate the dispersion and introduction of new species over great distances. Studies on the population dynamics of C. furcoides in natural tropical systems are still rare and very recent to the brazilian scenario and hence the monitoring of its dynamics and the potential impact on aquatic communities of its becoming established are essential to an understanding of the process of bioinvasion by this species.

Drip irrigated sunflower intercropping

One of the difficulties in the implementation of agroenergy’s cropping is the growing area competition with subsistence crops. Few studies have been conducted to show the efficiency of intercropping between plants of energy’s potential with cultures of economic sustainability. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of intercropping sunflower cultivars with corn and beans, in the initial growth under localized irrigation. The experiment was conducted at the end of the year 2012, in an area of 950 m2, located in the Campus II-UEPB, Lagoa Seca, Paraiba. The irrigation system was managed based on the Reference Evapotranspiration (ETo), calculated by the Penmann-Monteith Method with data obtained locally. The experimental design was a randomized blocks factorial (2 × 4) × 3, with treatments combining two varieties of sunflower in four plantation systems: single or isolated, intercropped with maize, with bean and with caupi. Each plot consisted of four rows of sunflowers in spacing 0.3 × 0.7 m and length of 5 m, interspersed with rows of beans or corn, except in the isolated system. The central rows of sunflowers were used to measure the following growth characteristics: plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves and leaf area. Data were subjected to analysis of variance by F test and the means compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. The diversification of sunflower varieties promoted differences in initial growth, regardless of the cropping system. There was significant effect at 15 DAS, where the sunflower variety “Advanta CF101” had higher plants than the variety “Helio 253” at 40 DAS; the variety “Helio 253” had a stem diameter greater than the “Advanta CF101”.

Efeito da água disponível do solo no desenvolvimento de dois cultivares de mamona, nos primeiro e segundo ciclos

A mamoneira é uma oleaginosa de relevante importância econômica e social, de grande relevância para a economia da região Nordeste, por fixar mão de obra, evitando a evasão de divisas. Foram estudados diferentes aspectos do manejo da cultura da mamona, visando à otimização do uso da água e do rendimento da mamona, no primeiro e segundo ciclos de produção, sendo este último obtido após uma drástica poda da planta no final do primeiro ciclo. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida no campo em Lagoa Seca-PB. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 2 x 4, constituído com duas cultivares de mamona (BRS 149 - Nordestina e o BRS 188 - Paraguaçu) e quatro níveis de água disponível no solo (40; 60; 80 e 100%), distribuídos em três blocos. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância F. A altura da planta, o diâmetro do caule, a área foliar e a fitomassa da parte aérea foram avaliados. O acréscimo da disponibilidade hídrica no solo aumentou todos os índices de crescimento e/ou desenvolvimento das plantas. O segundo ciclo da cultura apresentou comportamento semelhante ao do primeiro ciclo, demonstrando a viabilidade técnica de condução a um segundo ciclo da mamona.

Analysis of nursing professional practices under the perspective of the integrality of assistance to the woman

This study aimed at reviewing the nursing professional practices under the perspective of the integrality of assistance to the woman. It is a descriptive and exploratory, qualitative study made in the county of Lagoa Seca, PB, Brazil, from October 2013 to February 2014. The techniques of participant observation, document analysis and semi-structured interviews were used. Practices of three nurses were evaluated, through interviews, analysis of medical records, observation in the waiting rooms and clinical assistance, using semi-structured script. From the technique of thematic content analysis, it was found that health promotion was contemplated only on an individual basis, the assistance is based on attendance restricted to complaints, and the care neglects various laws on health. It is considered that the professionals have the potential to develop integral assistance, however there is no commitment. The study indicates the need for changes in care practices in order to corroborate improvement concerning care.

Spatial distribution and esterase activity in populations of Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Culicidae) resistant to temephos

The need for studies that describe the resistance patterns in populations of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) in function of their region of origin justified this research, which aimed to characterize the resistance to temephos and to obtain information on esterase activity in populations of Aedes aegypti collected in municipalities of the State of Paraíba. Resistance to temephos was evaluated and characterized from the diagnostic dose of 0.352mg i.a./L and multiple concentrations that caused mortalities between 5% and 99%. Electrophoresis of isoenzymes was used to verify the patterns of esterase activity among populations of the vector. All populations of Aedes aegypti were resistant to temephos, presenting a resistance rate (RR) greater than 20. The greatest lethal dose 50% of the sample (CL50) was found for the municipality of Lagoa Seca, approximately forty-one times the value of CL50 for the Rockefeller population. The populations characterized as resistant showed two to six regions of α and β-esterase, called EST-1 to EST-6, while the susceptible population was only seen in one region of activity. Aedes aegypti is widely distributed and shows a high degree of resistance to temephos in all municipalities studied. In all cases, esterases are involved in the metabolism and, consequently, in the resistance to temephos.

Mineral Potential Mapping for Orogenic Gold Deposits in the Rio Maria Granite Greenstone Terrane, Southeastern Para State, Brazil

The Rio Maria granite-greenstone terrain is characterized by extensive surficial cover and a lack of outcrop. Therefore, airborne geophysical measurements play a major role in mineral exploration in this region. A high-resolution airborne survey was used to build a prospectivity model for gold targeting employing a fuzzy logic technique. Within the Rio Maria granite-greenstone terrain, a total of 57 new potential orogenic gold targets were identified. The ability of this processing technique to identify favorable targets with potential for economic gold mineralization was verified by comparing the new predicted targets with known gold occurrences (e.g., Mamao Mine and Lagoa Seca deposits). Geographic Information System (GIS)-based automated processing methods employing fuzzy logic techniques were used to derive spatial models for generating orogenic gold exploration targets. Two metallogenic approaches were used. The first approach considers orogenic gold deposits hosted at the contact between mafic and felsic rocks. The second approach considers shear zone-hosted veins associated with mafic rocks and iron formations in the greenstone terrain. Detailed models were constructed for different blocks of the study area. A subset of these targets, i.e., Marcinho, Resende, and Votuporanga, were subsequently assessed using field evaluations that consisted of geological mapping and geochemical sampling. A follow-up drilling program is currently in progress and will be used to assess the main target areas where grid soil and rock sampling have indicated anomalous trends. The remaining predicted targets warrant further investigation. Data integration using GIS modeling and interpretation resulted in the following main conclusions with respect to the orogenic gold exploration potential of the Rio Maria Province: (1) as shown using GIS-based prospectivity analysis, there is considerable potential for orogenic gold deposits along the Andorinhas greenstone belt, and several prospective areas are associated with mafic and iron formation units; (2) several deposits within the Rio Maria and Identidade greenstone belt are associated with felsic units, as demonstrated by the fuzzy logic models; (3) many of the previously known targets that have been re-identified should be reevaluated to identify those the most promising targets for the discovery of a gold deposit; (4) the final prospectivity model shows that many of the most important gold deposits known are located within areas of high favorability, and several other new potential gold-bearing targets were selected; and (5) the proposed method identifies 57 geologically consistent targets and led to the discovery of the Marcinho deposit.

AVALIAÇÃO DO USO DE EFLUENTE DE CASAS DE FARINHA COMO FERTILIZANTE FOLIAR NA CULTURA DO MILHO (Zea mays L.)

O milho (Zea mays L.) é um produto agrícola bastante cultivado no mundo, sendo que no Brasil é de grande importância para o agronegócio nacional, além de ser base de sustentação para a pequena propriedade. A aplicação de manipueira como fertilizante pode ser via foliar ou solo, sendo que a foliar é a mais viável, porque além de ser fonte suplementar de nutrientes pode servir como defensivo agrícola, ou seja, pode apresentar duplo efeito. A presente pesquisa objetivou analisar o uso da manipueira como fertilizante foliar na cultura do milho. O experimento foi conduzido em condições de campo, entre os meses de junho e agosto de 2010, no município de Lagoa Seca, PB. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi blocos causalizados, composto por cinco tratamentos, distribuídos em quatro blocos. Após 90 dias do plantio foram avaliadas as variáveis, altura da planta, altura de inserção da 1ª espiga, diâmetro do caule, comprimento do caule, número de folhas e área foliar. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância e da regressão polinomial, sendo utilizado o teste F para verificar a significância dos efeitos. Os resultados indicaram que, a aplicação da manipueira em suas diferentes dosagens proporcionou ganhos de fitomassa em todas variáveis estudadas, havendo diferença estatística (p < 0,01) entre os tratamentos utilizados. A manipueira mostrou-se eficaz na adubação, via foliar, da cultura do milho, pois, todas as variáveis analisadas apresentaram valores superiores à testemunha absoluta.

Floristic Composition, Species Richness and Diversity of Campo Rupestre Vegetation from the Itacolomi State Park, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Nevertheless campos rupestres are considered species rich and diverse vegetation formations, phytosociological surveys from the Itacolomi State Park, Minas Gerais, Brazil, are lacking in scientific literature. To close this gap, we compared floristic composition, species richness and diversity from two sites, Lagoa Seca and Calais, both situated within the park. Calais is moderately impacted by extensive pasture, fire, and settling activities. Both surveys contained 15 plots of 10 x 10 m, cardinality of each species was estimated. Beside species richness, the indexes of Shannon-Wiener, Fisher’s ?, the community richness estimator Jackknife 1 and the numbers of endemic, endangered and invasive species were compared. With 107 species, the moderately impacted Calais showed higher species richness than Lagoa Seca (76 species). The indices of Shannon-Wiener and Fisher’s ?, the community richness estimator, as well as point diversity and spatial turnover derived from the species-area relationship (SAR) indicated higher diversity for Calais. From Lagoa Seca, 30% of all species are endemic to the Atlantic Rainforest or to Cerrado, and four species are endangered, not any species found in Lagoa Seca is described as an invasive one. On the other hand, 23 species found in Calais are invasive species, only one from all 107 species is endangered. Only 19% of all species found in Calais are endemic. Nevertheless species richness and diversity differ between both study sites, they are exceptionally high compared to similar vegetation formations from further regions. This justifies the declaration of the park as a local hotspot of biodiversity. Furthermore, our results show that species richness or diversity measures are inappropriate criteria to evaluate the intactness of campo rupestre vegetation. More weight should be put on criteria like numbers of invasive, endemic or endangered species.

Avaliação da produção de batata-doce em função de níveis de adubação orgânica

The present study evaluated the effect of organic fertilization in the total production of sweet potato. The experiment was performed in the period between July and November 2007, at the Lagoa Seca Experimental Station, Paraiba, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks with five treatments (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 t ha -1 ), in four replications. The plot consisted of four 3.6 m long ridges, spaced of 0.80 m between ridges and 0.30 m between plants; the two central ridges were harvested. The variables studied were: total yield, large and small sweet potato roots. The production of large and small roots, total yield per plant (14.20, 3.84 and 18.03 t ha -1 ) of sweet potato, responded positively in a linear fashion to increasing doses of poultry litter. The fertilization with poultry litter increased the yield of large, small and total roots of sweet potato.

Yield of sweet potato fertilized with cattle manure and biofertilizer

In Northeastern Brazil, the sweet potato is cultivated in small farms, in a family farming systems, constituting themselves an alternative way for the generation of food, employment and income. This study aimed to assess the effect of cattle manure levels and biofertilizer concentrations on the sweet potato cultivar White Queen productivity. The experiment was carried out from March to September 2007 at the EMEPA Experimental Station in Lagoa Seca, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in split split plot 6 x 4 x 2 + 1 scheme, with four replications. The plots consisted of cattle manure levels (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 t ha-1), the subplot of biofertilizer concentrations (0, 15, 30 and 45%) and the sub subplots consisted of methods of biofertilizer application, to the soil or leaves. Also, there was an additional control treatment using N, P and K mineral fertilizer. Commercial and total root productivity was evaluated. The levels of 30.8 and 31.2 t ha-1 of cattle manure were responsible for the highest commercial and total sweet potato root productivity (17.4 and 13.1 t ha-1, respectively). Biofertilizer concentrations of 29 and 28%, applied to soil and to leaves provided, respectively, the greatest productivities of total roots (15.4 and 13.1 t ha-1), whereas concentrations of 30 and 27%, also applied to soil and leaves were responsible, respectively, for the highest commercial root productivity (11 and 9.7 t ha-1).

CARACTERIZAÇÃO DO CONSUMIDOR E DO MERCADO DA CARNE SUÍNA NA MICRORREGIÃO DE CAMPINA GRANDE, ESTADO DA PARAÍBA

The aim of the present study was to characterize con-sumer profile and pork and pork-derived products market in the microregion of the Campina Grande - PB. Interviews were carried out with residents of the cities of Campina Grande, Queimadas, Puxinana, Boa Vista, Serra Redonda, Massaranduba, Lagoa Seca e Fagundes. The questionnaire comprised 43 questions and was applied to a sample of 400 people. A direct interview form with closed questions was chosen and interviewers would make the questions and take note of the answers. To guarantee sample repre-sentation, a questionnaire application control plan was set up, which aimed at obtaining a homogeneous distribution of population regarding parameters of social layer, gender, and age. Collected data were processed using the Microsoft Excel software program. Among interviewees, 78.25% consume pork and 21,75% do not. Of these, 40.23% for being vegetarian, 21.68% find it, 12.00% greasy judge it loaded, 11.90% for medical restriction, 10.00% for health questions and 4.60% allege that they do not consume it for making regimen. He was clearly that the consumers of the microregion of Campina Grande who prevent to feed of pork and its derivatives not make it for the lack of information how much to the origin of this meat and how much to the nutricional quality of the same one. KEY-WORDS: Consumer, market, pork, profile.

Management of plant species for controlling pests, by peasant farmers at Lagoa Seca, Paraíba state, Brazil: an ethnoecological approach

Ethnoecological knowledge may be understood as spontaneous knowledge, culturally referenced of any society's members, learned and transmitted through social interactions and that are targeted at resolution of daily routine situations. The traditional knowledge in small scale economy societies as well as the non-academic knowledge in urban-industrial societies might be included in this concept. An ethnoecological approach study was performed here on people living at the communities of Alvinho, Almeida, Chã do Marinho, Floriano, and Chã de Oiti, all located in the municipality of Lagoa Seca, Paraíba state, Northeast Brazil. The general objective pursued here was to study the knowledge that peasant farmers have on management of plant species utilized for pest control. For this, the methodological instruments employed here to investigate the ethnoecological knowledge were: direct observation, structured and semi-structured interviews, and tours conducted by local peasant farmers. We analyzed the data obtained under an emic/etic view and also by comparing the local knowledge with those obtained from the literature. The results showed that people in those communities utilize management alternatives for controlling pests, which are mainly: (i) fallowing; (ii) crop rotation; (iii) destruction of crop remains and fruits attacked by pests; (iv) alternations of crops with repellent plants; and/or (v) mixed cropping; (vi) insect's larvae covered with soil; (vii) crops irrigated abundantly; and (viii) soil preparation. The recovery and comprehension we get about this knowledge as well as the farmers' savoir faire, are extremely important to the revival of ancient agricultural practices, which have been forgotten due to advances in modern agriculture. The data obtained here showed that a huge body of knowledge the farmers have on many forms or strategies of management are generally compatible with scientific knowledge.

Mineralogical and field aspects of magma fragmentation deposits in a carbonate–phosphate magma chamber: evidence from the Catalão I complex, Brazil

The Catalão I carbonatite complex, central Brazil consists of ultramafic silicate rocks with subordinate carbonatite and associated phoscorite, nelsonite, and monazitite. In the Lagoa Seca area, lacustrine sediments discordantly overlie a 15-m thick unit of horizontally layered alkaline rocks that consist of a basal apatitite/nelsonite overlain by monazitite. The unit contains cylindrical to conic pipes filled with breccia, limited at the top by a discordance and at the bottom by phoscorites and carbonatites. X-ray diffraction and microprobe studies show that the pipes are filled dominantly by gorceixite and ilmenite, with subordinate apatite, calcite, pyrochlore, baryte, anatase, vivianite, and quartz and rare perovskite. This assemblage has possible primary phases and common alteration products of late-stage phoscorite-series rocks, such as carbonate nelsonites. The lower and intermediate portions of some pipes are fine grained, with cross- and coarsening-upward bedding. These structures are typical of diluted particulate flows (e.g. surges), which suggests that magma fragmentation occurred inside the chamber. The rocks and structures described here seem to represent an extreme case in which surge-like deposits formed within a conduit or even inside the magma chamber, implying that surge processes may develop at higher-than-atmospheric pressures.

Time Constraints for the Formation of the Archean Rio Maria Crust, Southeastern Amazonian Craton, Brazil

The Rio Maria area (southeastern Carajas metallogenic province, Brazil) consists of a typical Archean Au-bearing granite-greenstone association intruded by Paleoproterozoic anorogenic granites. U-Pb analyses were performed on single zircon grains from the main Archean units of this area in order to elucidate the history of formation and evolution of the continental crust in this part of the southeastern Amazonian Craton. The Arco Verde metatonalite yielded one of the oldest U-Pb zircon ages from the Amazonian Craton (2957 +25/−21 Ma). Zircons from a meta-rhyodacite from the greenstone belt of the Lagoa Seca Group (Andorinhas Supergroup) are dated at 2904 +29/−21 Ma. This sequence is crosscut by Archean granitoids, such as the Rio Maria granodiorite, emplaced at 2874 +9/−10 Ma. These results suggest a short time interval (∼100 Ma) for crustal evolution of the Rio Maria area.