Lafayette County Research Articles

Composition and some biological activities of the essential oil of Callicarpa americana (L.).

The essential oil profile of Callicarpa americana was examined. Samples were collected from Lafayette county in north central Mississippi, and GC-MS data and retention indices were used to identify 67 oil components. Humulene epoxide II (13.9%), alpha-humulene (10.0%), 7-epi-alpha-eudesmol (9.4%), beta-pinene (8.8%), and 1-octen-3-ol (8.5%) were the major components of the steam-distilled oil. The oil was selectively toxic toward the cyanobacterium Oscillatoria perornata compared to Oscillatoria agardhii and the green alga Selenastrum capricornutum, with complete growth inhibition at 28.5 microgram/mL. The oil was only mildly phytotoxic and antifungal.

Faulkner's World The Photographs of Martin J. Dain (review)

Faulkner's World The Photographs of Martin J. Dain Edited by Tom Rankin University of Mississippi Press, 1997 112 pp. Cloth, $40.00 Faulkner's World is a book to admire. It begins with a nostalgic foreward by novelist Larry Brown, a genre piece about the changing appearance of Oxford, Mississippi, and Lafayette County. Tom Rankin follows with Evoking William Faulkner, an account of Martin Dain's fascination with Faulkner's writings and how Dain, in the course of his career as a photographer, came to Mississippi to record the world Faulkner knew, to evoke the writer through more than two hundred black-and-white photographs accompanied by occasional text from Faulkner's writing. Despite the book's merits, this combination of images and quotations is unsatisfying. Some thirty years later, the place having changed as Brown eloquently reminds us, the photographs do not evoke so much as document the local world that Faulkner saw and recreated in his imagination. Furthermore, the pictures seem to be about Dain as much as Faulkner -- what Dain selected, how he shot it, how he printed it. Dain photographed residents and business people, the courthouse square, children at school, scenes of rural life, church, and jail, as well as activities such as sorghum-making and deer hunting. Although Faulkner limited Dain's access to him, the photographer still managed to take those memorable pictures of the author wearing his tattered jacket, entering or closing the small door of his barn, hand-hewn timbers rising above and evidencing an enduring past. Dain's camera is respectful not only of the writer, but of almost everyone else. He stands close enough to picture people going about their work, does not intrude on their private moments, records his subjects with dignity and fairness. His images of blacks, of which there are many, reveal Dain's sympathy for their struggles. In one photograph, a woman in sneakers and a thin dress draws a pail of water from a well, an American flag draped on a fence behind her. Certainly the image comments on America, but it also allows the woman to be herself. The picture does not place her in a manipulated context, and she does not exist in the picture to serve an idea. In short, the photographer does not appropriate her. Mrs. Bond, a smiling black woman, watches her children in front of the remains of an antebellum house (the now-demolished Jones-Miller home). They appear comfortable with Dain's presence and perhaps even enjoy his being there. …

Talking about William Faulkner: interviews with Jimmy Faulkner and others

In 1970s and 1980s, Sally Wolff and Floyd C. Watkins, both of Emory University, took students of southern literature to Lafayette County, Mississippi, to explore region where William Faulkner lived. They visited Faulkner's home, Rowan Oak, in Oxford, Mississippi; trekked around countryside; and met people who were prototypes for some of his characters. During these excursions, they discovered firsthand how profoundly Faulkner's family, community, and region imprinted themselves on his imagination and then both shaped and enriched his work. Their primary guide was Jimmy Faulkner, who was once described by his famous uncle as the only person who likes me for what I am. Like his uncle, Jimmy is a born storyteller, and his recollections provide profound as well as intimate details about Faulkner as author, father, member of unusual Faulkner clan, and resident of model for what may be most famous county in American literature. In these interviews, and in forty-three splendid black-and-white photographs that accompany them, we move through Faulkner's home territory and encounter sources of his sense of place and its past: antebellum Rowan Oak, with its scuppernong vines and outside kitchen; old plantation homes and dogtrot houses; narrow one-lane bridges and creeks with Indian names; country churches and cemeteries. Jimmy's comments often link specific sites with particular episodes or settings in Faulkner's works, and his humorous stories sometimes mingle fact with fiction. Two colourful local personalities who knew Faulkner, Pearle Galloway, proprietor of a general store near Oxford for over thirty years, and Motee Daniel, owner of various enterprises, including a roadhouse, a general store, and a bootlegging operation, also tell tales about him. Galloway and Daniel provide, in turn, fascinating glimpses of kind of people who intrigued Faulkner and about whom he wrote. While his work was most certainly influenced by his surroundings, Faulkner, through his stories and novels, likewise transformed memories, perceptions, and interpretations of his family, his community, and his readers. Talking About William Faulkner deepens our knowledge of Faulkner's everyday life and our understanding of world in which he lived and of which he wrote.

Pore Geometry: Control on Reservoir Properties, Walker Creek Field, Columbia and Lafayette Counties, Arkansas

Walker Creek field in southern Arkansas produces hydrocarbons from oolitic packstones and grainstones of the Jurassic Smackover Formation. The relationships between pore geometry and reservoir quality in these rocks were evaluated using petrographic methods and mercury injection capillary pressure analyses. Results indicate that reservoir quality is controlled by pore geometry, which, in turn, is determined by depositional and diagenetic processes. Reservoir rocks at Walker Creek were deposited as prograding grainstone shoals in a shallow-water, high-energy environment. Diagenetic processes, including early marine cementation, compaction, and deeper burial pressure solution and calcite cementation, modified the original pore system. Primary interparticle porosity is the dominant effective pore type and is most important in terms of reservoir performance. Secondary microporosity is also abundant, comprising a significant percentage of total porosity (locally up to 100%), but is generally ineffective. The rocks were subdivided into lithofacies based on their depositional and diagenetic origin. Within each lithofacies, reservoir, marginal reservoir, and nonreservoir rock types are identified based on their pore geometry and characteristic capillary pressure curve. The reservoir rock types are less cemented oolitic and oolitic-skeletal grainstones with steeply sloping capillary pressure curves and flat plateaus indicating relatively homogeneous pore sizes that are well interconnected by large pore throats. The marginal to nonreservoir rock types include mudstones, wackestones, muddy packstones, and cemented grainstones with generally small interparticle and moldic pores. Gently sloping capillary pressure curves with poorly defined or no plateaus indicate variable pore and pore-throat sizes. A close correlation is found among parts of the capillary pressure curve shape, such as slopes, plateaus, and displacement pressure, and aspects of pore geometry such as pore-throat size, pore-throat size distribution, and pore interconnectivity. In addition, capillary pressure analyses provide guidance in evaluating overall reservoir quality by rock type, as well as answer specific questions regarding net pay criteria as a function of height above free-water level.

Control of Loopers, 1988

Abstract The experiment was located in Lafayette County, AR, with plants at growth stage R5 and 75-100% canopy closure. Plot size was 2 rows by 50 ft with a 40 inch row spacing. A cotton field was located immediately south of the test field. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replicates. All treatments were applied 31 Aug with a Solo backpack sprayer equipped with an adjustable hollow cone nozzle delivering 15.5 gal/acre at 40 psi. Looper larval numbers were determined by taking 3, 3 row-ft drop cloth samples/plot immediately before and 1 and 8 DAT.

Anomalous Base and Precious Metals at Oil-Water Contact in #1 Teague Well, Smackover Formation, Southwest Arkansas: ABSTRACT

A core sample containing visible sulfide concentrations in an ooid grainstone unit of the Smackover Formation was collected from 8373 ft in the 1 Teague well, outpost McKamie field, Lafayette County, Arkansas. The sulfides are concentrated beneath a well-developed, high-amplitude stylolite that appears to have acted as a permeability barrier limiting sulfide development in the upper carbonate. Examination of the electric and descriptive log information for the interval revealed that: (1) the top of the sulfide zone corresponds to the existing oil-water contact, (2) scattered sulfides occur over an 84-ft interval beginning at 8373 ft, (3) an interval of greater than 10% porosity roughly coincides with the sulfide interval, and (4) an interval of hydrogen sulfide begins about 30 ft below the top of the sulfide interval and extends well below the last described sulfides. Assay results from a 1-ft composite sample showed that the core contains 36% zinc, 12% lead, and 888 ppm silver. The silver value equals about 26 oz/ton which is a high-grade ore in a mineable setting. The Zn/(Zn + Pb) ratio of 0.75 is typical of Gulf Coast salt dome hosted mineralization with ratios of 0.68 to 0.90. The Fe/(Fe + Zn) ratio on themore » other hand is 0.02 which is far below the 0.87 to 0.97 range of salt dome hosted sulfides. Petrographic examination indicates complex replacement and pore-filling mineralization. Minerals forming the late-stage mineralization assemblage include fine-grained replacement sphalerite-galena-acanthite-chalcopyrite-pyrite/marcasite-dolomite-coarse-grained sphalerite-calcite.« less

NOTES ON BLOW FLY (DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE) SUCCESSION ON CARRION IN NORTHERN MISSISSIPPI

Blow fly succession on carrion was investigated in Lafayette County, Mississippi. Phaenicia caeruleiviridis, Phormia regina and Cochliomyia macellaria were dominant species from April through September and Cynomyopsis cadaverina, P. regina and Calliphora livida dominated during the cooler months (October through March). Although both fish and mammalian carrion were used, and baits were placed in different habitats, no differences between types of bait and types of habitat were observed. The use of P. caeruleiviridis and C. cadaverina as postmortum indicators is discussed.

Echinococcus multilocularis in Wisconsin

The known geographic range of Echinococcus multilocularis is extended to include southern Wisconsin. E. multilocularis was reported from the arctic fox, Alopex lagopus L., on the mainland of Alaska by Rausch (1956, Am. J. trop. Med. Hyg. 5: 1086-1092) as the etiological agent of Alveolar Hydatid Disease on the North American Continent. Various workers (as reviewed by Ballard and Vande Vusse, 1983, J. Parasit. 69: 790-791) have reported this cestode from Canada and the contiguous United States. Previous reports have shown this cestode in Iowa, Illinois, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota and Wyoming. The finding of E. multilocularis in Illinois and Nebraska (Ballard and Vande Vusse, 1983, loc. cit.) and the proximity to regions of high human population, prompted investigation of southern Wisconsin. One hundred and three red and gray foxes from 11 counties were obtained from fur buyers and trappers during the winter of 1982-83. Foxes were collected from Crawford, Dane, Grant, Green, Iowa, La Crosse, La Fayette, Richland, Rock, Sauk and Vernon counties. The small intestines were examined for parasites. Six of 72 (8.3%) red and 0 of 31 gray foxes were infected with E. multilocularis. Two males and 0 females of 8 red foxes from Green County, 1 female and 0 males of 7 red foxes from Iowa County, 2 females and 0 males of 8 red foxes from La Fayette County, and 1 male and 0 females of 4 red foxes from Vernon County were found to be infected with E. multilocularis. For those counties having foxes positive for E. multilocularis, the prevalence was 6 of 27 (22%). Infection of 3 of 38 and 3 of 34 males and females respectively would demonstrate no significant difference in prevalence between host sexes. Excluding 1 fox with a worm burden of 1,860, the average intensity of infection was 20 (range 10-1,860). There was no significant difference in intensity between host sexes. Fixed, gravid worms ranged in size from 1.3 to 3.4 mm (x = 2.06) in length. The number of testes ranged from 13 to 25 (x = 20) and most were posterior to the genital pore; the latter was located in the anterior one-half of the proglottid. The uterus was typically sacculate. A voucher specimen has been deposited in the USNM Helminthological Collection, accession number 78163. Boundaries of this potential health hazard to man have been fairly well delineated to include the prairie areas of Iowa, Illinois, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming and now Wisconsin. Geographical expansion of this cestode's range is certainly a possibility and must be monitored in Illinois, Missouri and Nebraska. The assistance of Dr. Terry Amundson of the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources in obtaining names of fur buyers and trappers is gratefully acknowledged. This investigation was supported in part by funds from a Faculty Research Grant from Mankato State University.

Petrology and Depositional Environment of Mitchell Member, Rodessa Formation (Lower Cretaceous), West Bradley Field, Lafayette County, Arkansas: ABSTRACT

Previous studies of the Lower Cretaceous Rodessa Formation in southern Arkansas have interpreted it as nearshore, transitional marine. Many of the Rodessa members are hydrocarbon productive. Cores from the Sun Whittington wells and Lake Ronel Oil Co. wells in and near the West Bradley field, Lafayette County, Arkansas, were studied to identify a model for deposition of the oil-productive Mitchell sand interval. The Mitchell is sandwiched between the upper and lower Gloyd members of the Rodessa Formation. These two limestone members are productive in other areas of the Arklatex. A thorough investigation of the sands, using core samples, geophysical log correlation, drilling reports, thin sections, scanning electron microscopy, and x-ray diffraction yields data necessary for establishing the nature of deposition. This information will promote interest and further development of the hydrocarbon potential of the Mitchell member in the Arklatex. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1213------------

Computerized Particle Size Analyzer--An Exploration Technique, Saint Mary Field, Lafayette County, Arkansas: ABSTRACT

Grain size frequency and cumulative weight percentages, mean grain size, standard deviation, and skewness provide the geologist with information necessary for studies assessing rock complexity and heterogeneity, and in some cases, depositional environment. Although grain size distribution data are important to the exploration geologist, they are not normally available in sufficient quantity or on a timely basis. The new computerized Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) enables the explorationist to obtain grain size distribution information rapidly and economically on sidewall and conventional cores. The porosity and the measured grain size distribution, which includes silt and clay sizes, are used to index the quality of the reservoir rock. This quality grading or indexing is then used to evaluate changes in formation water saturation and/or electric log resistivity, thereby better identifying hydrocarbon productive intervals and oil-water contacts. Data generated from conventional core samples in the Mitchell sand of the Rodessa Formation in Saint Mary field, Lafayette County, Arkansas, illustrate the use of particle size data for improved well evaluation. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1212------------

Distribution of Bean Pod Mottle Virus in Arkansas Soybean as Related to the Bean Leaf Beetle, Cerotoma trifurcata , (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Population 1

Population densities of the bean leaf beetle (BLB), Cerotoma trifurcata (Forster), and the portion of the BLB population transmitting bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) were monitored in a soybean field in Lafayette County, Ark., in 1980 and 1981. The spatial and temporal distribution of BPMV-infected soybean plants in two plots within the field also was examined. A peak in the BLB's ability to transmit BPMV occurred between the second and third population density peaks and ca. 12 weeks after planting. The largest increase of BPMV infection level within the plots occurred after the second BLB density peak in the field. Distribution of BPMV-infected plants within the plots was random at infection levels of 40%.

Basement Structure in Northwest Peninsular Florida: ABSTRACT

Results of a recently completed gravity investigation suggest that basement offsets produced by normal faulting are the sources of observed gravity and magnetic anomalies in northwest peninsular Florida (Lafayette, Dixie, Gilchrist, and Levy Counties). A series of parallel fault-block basins and uplifts is proposed as the dominant basement structure. These basins and uplifts and the Southwest Georgia Embayment developed in response to the same regional stress field in early Mesozoic time. Two-hundred sixteen gravity stations have been established and correlated with the International Gravity Standardization Net. Bouguer anomaly values have been derived for each station and regional gravity components analyzed, using trend-surface analyses. Geologic cross sections have been made on the basis of available stratigraphic information. The gravity effect for each section was calculated, using the method of polygons. Basement structural interpretations were iteratively adjusted within geologic constraints until close agreement was achieved between calculated and observed gravity profiles. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1428------------

Faulkner's Yoknapatawpha County: A Place in the American South

ATTEMPTS to interpret William Faulkner's fictional Yoknapatawpha County as an entity with symbolic geographical meaning are varied. They range from that of the student in freshman English class, who upon encountering Faulkner for the first time must struggle to find any, to that of Gabriel Vahanian, who has termed Faulkner's world a historical map of the Christian tradition and a spiritual geography of Christendom.' One interpretation of geographical symbolism of Faulkner's county is paramount that Yoknapatawpha is really microcosm of the American South.2 But much evidence refutes the idea that Faulkner looked upon and presented Yoknapatawpha as the South in miniature and, rather, supports the contention that he regarded his county as place within the South. Outstanding among the evidences that Yoknapatawpha is not the South in miniature are the geographical parallels between the real Lafayette County and Oxford, Mississippi, and the fictional Yoknapatawpha County and Jefferson.' In Reivers and in Big Woods, Faulkner tells us that the locations of Sutpen's one-hundred-square-mile plantation and the wilderness where young Ike McCaslin, Boon Hogganbeck, and Lion hunted the bear, Old Ben, have disappeared beneath the waters of lake, thirty feet below the surface of government-built flood-control reservoir whose bottom[is] rising gradually and inexorably each year on another layer of beer cans and bottle tops and lost bass plugs.4 There is somewhat of sense of awe to look across Sardis Reservoir on the Tallahatchie River in northern Lafayette County and contemplate that in Faulkner's mind here once existed fictional places, that Sutpen's Hundred occupied much of the expanse, that the hulks of dead cypress jutting above the water are all that remain of the wilderness, and that Old Ben was slain at spot somewhere near the center of the north bank. The large-scale geography of Yoknapatawpha County is essentially the largescale geography of Lafayette County. Here, however, I do not wish to attempt to refute the notion that Yoknapatawpha is the South in miniature by scrutinizing the geographical parallels between Yoknapatawpha and Lafayette counties. Rather, I wish to demonstrate that Yoknapatawpha is place within the South by examining

Petrography of Some Subsurface Igneous Rocks of Mississippi: ABSTRACT

Cuttings and cores from test wells in 13 Mississippi counties were examined for igneous material. Samples appearing to be igneous were studied in 41 thin sections. Rocks were classified as intrusive dikes, extrusive volcanics, and basement granite. Alteration of rock types is moderate to severe. Intrusive dike rocks and extrusive volcanic rocks are present at depths from 3,562 ft (1,085 m) to 10,010 ft (3,043 m). The basement granite observed is present at 11,010 ft (3,347 m) in Lafayette County in north Mississippi and 18,826 ft (5,738 m) in Jackson County in the coastal area. Basement granite of Precambrian age represents the oldest stratigraphic interval recognized. Volcanic extrusive rocks and plutonic intrusive rocks have been interpreted to be present in sediments of Paleozoic through Cretaceous ages. Available age dates of the volcanic material indicate Jurassic to Late Cretaceous activity. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1602------------

Walker Creek Field, Arkansas--Smackover Case History: ABSTRACT

Walker Creek field is a stratigraphic trap containing 100 million bbl of oil and 100 Bcf of gas. The field lies End_Page 544------------------------------ 4 mi north of the Arkansas-Louisiana border in Columbia and Lafayette Counties, Arkansas. The trap is provided by the northern limit of a Smackover oolite facies which changes to equivalent Buckner shales and fine-grained limestones. The geologic model proposes that additional bar units, of slightly older geologic age, could be developed farther updip. A new 7-mi (11 km) seismic line was recorded north-south across the field. Two displays of conventionally processed seismic data define a subtle amplitude feature at the apparent Walker Creek field limits. One seismic display contains data with a 10-55-Hz filter, and a broader band section, containing 0-110-Hz data, certainly adds to the trap definition. Seislog (trademark of Teknika) inversion of these seismic data and detailed correlation of sonic logs to the Seislog line provide further definition of the facies geometry creating the amplitude feature. Definition of the updip limit of the 100 ft (30 m) of producing Smackover oolite is offered on the inverted seismic traces from 10, 800 ft (3,292 m; 2.1 sec). End_of_Article - Last_Page 545------------

Faulkner's Yoknapatawpha County: Geographical Fact into Fiction

Wt TILLIAM FAULKNER (1897-i962), an outstanding twentieth-century American author, was a prolific writer who explored unique styles and literary devices. He set the best of his novels and short stories in Yoknapatawpha County, Mississippi, which has become one of the famous fictional places in literature. Beginning with Sartoris in 1929 and ending with The Reivers in 1962,2 bit by bit, Faulkner unfolded so much concerning the people, the history, and the geography of Yoknapatawpha with such consistency that to many readers it seems to be an actual county. Robert Penn Warren has observed that geography is scrupulously though effortlessly presented in Faulkner's work, and its significance for his work is very great.3 Faulkner's prominence has resulted in a voluminous outpouring of criticism, none of which has been produced by geographers despite a growing awareness by them that fiction profoundly influences the images that people hold concerning places. This lack of evaluation is even more curious in light of the author's overt sense of geography. But lack of criticism of Faulkner's works by geographers has not resulted in lack of geographical evaluation. For more than two decades literary critics have written about the parallels between fictional Yoknapatawpha and real Lafayette County, Mississippi, and they have produced some material concerning Faulkner's geography.4 Many aspects, however, have not previously been considered, and the process

Knud Knudsen and His America Book

by BEULAH FOLKEDAHL 5 Knud Knudsen and His America Book1 We vinced have that everything we will we find had what longed we for, are looking and are for," convinced that we will find what we are looking for," wrote Knud Knudsen, concluding the description of his journey from Drammen, Norway, to Buffalo, New York, in 1839. Thus he expressed his faith in America. Knudsen was born September 29, 1810, presumably in Numedal, and emigrated to America with the group conducted by Ansten Nattestad. When the party reached Chicago, some remained there and others continued with Nattestad to Jefferson Prairie, Rock County, Wisconsin, about ninety miles northwest of Chicago, where Ansten's brother Ole had settled two years earlier. Ansten Nattestad seemed reluctant to encourage more Norwegians to settle there, much of the land having already been taken, so Knudsen and Clement Stabaek traveled on foot to Rock Run, Stephenson County, Illinois, about thirty miles southwest of Jefferson Prairie. After surveying the area, they returned to Chicago for their families and goods and, with some of the others who had remained there, went to Rock Run to establish their homes.2 1 Knudsen 's original account, Beretning om en reise fra Drammen i Norge til New-York i N or d- America, appeared in Drammen, Norway, in 1840. A facsimile reissue was published by O. M. Norlie (Decorah, Iowa, 1926) . A copy of the latter is in the archives of the Norwegian- American Historical Association at St. Olaf College, Northfield. 2 Theodore C. Biegen, Norwegian Migration to America , 1825-1860 , 115 108 KNUD KNUDSEN'S BOOK Within a short time Knudsen migrated north again, this time to Wiota, then in Iowa County, Wisconsin. The exact date of this move is not known but he seems to have been well established there by 1843. His conviction that "we will find what we are looking for" apparently was justified. Probably the lead mines in Iowa County attracted him to that region . Hamilton Diggings or Settlement (named for William S. Hamilton, son of Alexander Hamilton and founder of the mines) offered him an opportunity to work as a smith, making various types of articles, not only for farms and households, but also for the mine. And so he set up shop in the settlement, became owner of a 160-acre homestead, and purchased land in the village of Wiota.3 The Norwegian immigrant leader, Johan R. Reiersen, wrote about Knudsen on December 12, 1843, in a letter to Hans Gasmann, who had recently settled near Pine Lake, Waukesha County, Wisconsin: "Several of the Norwegians here in Wisconsin have by their outstanding ability and enterprise during their few years' residence already attained the acknowledged respect of Americans. Among them I believe I should mention Knudsen, a smith from Drammen, who has a large farm in Hamilton Settlement, thirty miles southeast of Mineral Point, and plies his trade besides, employing several men." 4 Knudsen expressed his continued faith in America in a letter written for publication in the Norwegian press, dated at Wiota December 20, 1843: "I have recently become acquainted with one Mr. Reiersen from Kristiansand, Norway, who alleges he has come to look over the country and the con- (Northfield, 1931) ; Ministerial Records, Wiota Lutheran Church, Wiota, Wisconsin , NAHA Archives; Ansten Nattestad to Peter Valeur, November 6, 1839, in Theodore C. Biegen, ed., Land oj Their Choice: The Immigrants Write Home , 65 (Minneapolis, 1955) ; S. G. M[ogan], "Clemet Tostensen Stabeck og Rock Runsettlementet," in Numedalslagets Aarbok , no. 11, p. 49-53 (1925) . 3 Johan R. Reiersen to Hans Gasmann, December 12, 1843, quoted in Reiersen, V eiviser for norske emigranter til de Forenede N ord-Amerikanske Stater og Texas , xi (Christiania, 1844) . In 1846 Iowa County was partitioned into Iowa and Lafayette counties, and Wiota became part of the latter. 4 Reiersen to Gasmann, December 12, 1843, quoted in Reiersen, V eiviser for norske emigranter , xi. 109 Beuláh Folkedahl ditions here in behalf of several Norwegian families who are thinking of emigrating. The aforesaid Reiersen showed me a letter dated Galena, December 12, addressed to Mr. Gasmann, in which he gave his opinion of the conditions which he had thus far...

The Spotted Alfalfa Aphid In Wisconsin

The first discovery of a population of the spotted alfalfa aphid, Therioaphis maculata (Buckton), in Wisconsin was made by R. L. Pienkowski in Rock County on October 13, 1956 (Plant Pest Control Div. 1956). Later that year (Nov. 7 and 8), specimens were collected from scattered locations in the southern part of the State. Fields in Rock, Green, Lafayette, Grant, Iowa, Sauk, Dane, Crawford, Vernon, LaCrosse, Trempealeau, and Buffalo Counties were infested. Miss Louise M. Russell of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, confirmed the identifications and noted that the specimens of T. maculata contained no sexual forms. Specimens of the sweetclover aphid, Therioaphis rhiemi (Borner), and the yellow clover aphid, Therioaphis trifolii (Monell), collected on the same date from sweet and red clover, respectively, and submitted to the U. S. National Museum contained oviparous females. Attempts to recover the spotted alfalfa aphid the following year were fruitless, and it was concluded that establishment in Wisconsin had failed.

Faulkner's Geography and Topography

In most criticism of Faulkner it has been taken for granted that his Yoknapatawpha County is really Lafayette (accented on fay) County, Mississippi, and that his Jefferson, the county seat, is really Oxford. Little evidence on the matter has been given beyond a few very general resemblances, and little has been demanded. Recently, however, the assumption has been questioned, with a considerable marshaling of arguments and statistics. It seems proper, therefore, to go into the question in some detail, particularly since a good deal of the evidence is already beyond the reach of the literary researcher and much of the rest will probably disappear within the next few years. Local changes have already been sufficient to lead to some literary misinterpretations.

Fractional Balance Evaluation of Pressure Maintenance, Smackover Lime Gas Condensate Reservoir, McKamie-Patton Field, Arkansas

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 210, 1957, pages 108–113. Abstract During the initial nine-year depletion of the McKamie-Patton pool gas-condensate reservoir, the pressure behavior and fluid analyses indicated pressure maintenance by gas injection would be attractive relative to continued pressure depletion. As a result, a gas cycling program was inaugurated in Aug., 1949, which has since maintained reservoir pressure. In order to evaluate the benefits of this program, the recoveries for natural depletion and for cycling followed by blowdown were determined by calculating the fractional balance of the molar quantities of vapor and liquid remaining in the reservoir and produced at the surface for various stages of depletion. The results of the investigation show theoretical ultimate recovery due to the cycling program will be 42 per cent greater than would be realized under pressure depletion type operation. Introduction The benefits of gas injection pressure maintenance programs in condensate reservoirs have been recognized and qualitatively described in several papers during the past 15 years. Some of these papers also describe methods for calculating the increased recovery realized from cycling; however, as a rule, hypothetical reservoirs were used as examples. This paper presents an evaluation of the pressure maintenance program for the McKamie-Patton condensate reservoir and includes a description of the fractional balance method employed to determine the benefits. Reservoir Development and Characteristics The McKamie-Patton pool, Lafayette County, Ark., was opened in June, 1940, with production obtained from the oolitic Smackover lime at a depth of approximately 9,300 ft. The structure is an anticline 8 miles long by 1 to 2 miles wide, and is one of many productive Smackover structures in Southern Arkansas. Of predominant importance is the condensate-bearing gas cap portion of the reservoir, which covers approximately 4,000 acres, attains a maximum thickness of some 200 ft, and has an average thickness of 90 ft. Development of the cap was accomplished with 21 wells drilled on 160 acre spacing. An isopach map of the cap is shown in Fig. 1.