Lafayette College Research Articles

Workshop of the World: A Selective Guide to the Industrial Archeology of Philadelphia by the Oliver Evans Chapter of the Society for Industrial Archeology

technology and culture Book Reviews 159 human picture of the individual and offers a great deal of insight into the period in which he lived. George H. Daniels Dr. Daniels is professor of history and chairman of the Department of History at the University of South Alabama. He has published articles on Alabama business history and has in progress a study of an early Alabama industrialist. Workshop of the World: A Selective Guide to the Industrial Archeology of Philadelphia. By the Oliver Evans Chapter of the Society for Indus­ trial Archeology. Wallingford, Pa.: Oliver Evans Press, 1990. Pp· 300; illustrations, notes, bibliography, site index. $25.00 (paper). In concert with its annual conferences, the Society for Industrial Archeology usually produces a useful inventory of historic engineer­ ing and industrial sites within the host city or region. For the 1990 meeting in Philadelphia, the society’s local chapter assembled a lengthy list of historic sites covering most, but certainly not all, of the self-proclaimed “workshop of the world.” Working as a decentralized team under the overall leadership of John Bowie, about twenty members took responsibility for an inventory of separate districts and neighborhoods. With widely disparate backgrounds, the individual team members necessarily brought their own interests and skills to the project, and, unfortunately, this meant that coverage within the inventory would not be of uniform quality or depth. Given the size of Philadelphia and the richness of its industrial heritage, almost inevi­ tably an inventory of this type must be more of a “sampler” than an all-inclusive listing. In fact, Bowie acknowledges this with the caveat: “No effort was made for this study to be comprehensive. Instead the publication is intended to be a guidebook to some of Philadelphia’s industrial sites and neighborhoods for those people interested in exploring and seeing them” (p. i-4). For historians who may not be interested in arranging field trips and site visits, the inventory still has much to offer. In particular, Philip Scranton’s “Context and Overview” provides a succinct yet scholarly introduction to the city’s industrial history which explains how “from roughly 1880 through 1920, Philadelphia’s industrial districts supported an array of mills and plants whose diversity has scarcely been matched anywhere in the history of manufacturing” (p. ii-2). Drawing from a perspective akin to that developed in his book Proprietary Capitalism (Cambridge, 1983), Scranton explains how the city supported a few major factories such as the Baldwin Loco­ motive Works but was “far better known as an incubator for small enterprises,” with almost seven hundred separate companies operat­ ing in the textile industry alone at the turn of the 20th century. In providing a context for why and how Philadelphia nurtured such a 160 Book Reviews TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE small-scale, entrepreneurial industrial culture, Scranton’s introduc­ tion lends greater meaning to the several-score site descriptions that constitute the bulk of the inventory. In sum, this is not a perfect publication, and criticisms can be made concerning both site selection and the volume’s format. But as an initial attempt to delineate the industrial archeology of one of the world’s premier early-20th-century manufacturing centers, it de­ serves recognition. And given the relative lack of knowledge concern­ ing Philadelphia as a cauldron of industrial development, Workshop Of the World warrants praise in helping to further our understanding of American technology. Donald C. Jackson Dr. Jackson is assistant professor of history at Lafayette College and book review editor of IA: The Journal of the Society for Industrial Archeology. Cradle to Grave: Life, Work, and Death at the Lake Superior Copper Mines. By Larry Lankton. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991. Pp. xi + 319; illustrations, notes, bibliography, index. $39.95. In Cradle to Grave, Larry Lankton has written a history of copper mining on the Keweenaw Peninsula of northern Michigan. He exam­ ines the origins and growth of copper mining between roughly 1840 and 1920 and to a lesser extent the decline of the industry in the years since 1920. He aims at a ‘“social history of technology’—one that works that particular space where machine and man meet, and where industry and society connect...

Campus‐wide Information Systems

Does a Campus Network Have to Provide Everything to Everyone?. At Lafayette College's recent Using Computer Networks on Campus conference, the keynote speaker, John Witherspoon (senior networking consultant at Digital Equipment Corporation), expressed his views on campus networking. His chief challenge to colleges was this: in order for campus networks to work, they must work the way each individual expects them to work, on their system of choice, with the interface to which they are accustomed.

Science, technology and society education for engineers

The value of exposing engineering students to social issues raised by science and technology is discussed. A required engineering course at Lafayette College, 'Engineering Professionalism and Ethics', which is designed to provide all engineering majors with an introduction to science, technology, and society topics, is described. Experience with the course is evaluated. >

Grand Plans: Business Progressivism and Social Change in Ohio’s Miami Valley, 1890–1929 by Judith Sealander

1064 Book Reviews TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE Hoover’s reelection in 1932 by the authorities who controlled condi­ tions at Boulder City and the dam site, Roosevelt overwhelmingly carried the workers’ vote at the encampment (see pp. 171-73). A final note on style: For much of the book Stevens provides a straightforward, readable account of activities at the dam site, and he eschews needless description. But the beginnings of most chapters are bogged down with overblown prose that is more suitable for feature articles in Sunday newspapers than for serious history. For example, in breathless tone he dramatizes an important early meeting of the contractors that formed Six Companies Inc. with descriptions such as: “The groan that slipped from his chalky lips went unheard” and “Only his eyes, bright blue and sparkling, seemed truly alive” (p. 5). Readers are advised to accept such descriptive flights with a grain of salt and a dose of tolerance. The bulk of the book is good history that warrants serious attention and scholarly interest. Donald C. Jackson Dr. Jackson is assistant professor of history at Lafayette College. His book Great American Bridges and Dams was recently published by Preservation Press. Grand Plans: Business Progressivism and Social Change in Ohio’s Miami Valley, 1890—1929. By Judith Sealander. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1988. Pp. viii + 263; illustrations, notes, bibliog­ raphy, index. $26.00. Grand Plans is a fine case study of the Progressive movement as it evolved in southwestern Ohio’s Miami Valley in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Judith Sealander’s principal objective is illuminating the precise connections between area business leadership and the varieties of reform in the nine-county region. This she accomplishes through a careful examination of four avowedly Progressive projects conducted therein: an innovative program of extensive employee benefits at the National Cash Register Company, eventually the region’s largest employer; the creation, through the Miami Conser­ vancy District, of a massive and successful flood prevention system; the establishment of a pioneering business-oriented city-manager form of government in Dayton, the valley’s one major city; and businesslike experimental approaches to education at all levels in the region’s public and private schools. Collectively, the four projects brought the valley a national reputation for reform. Sealander is fully familiar with the persistent and still unresolved historical debates over whether the business community sincerely supported any Progressive measures in the areas of greater democ­ racy and greater social justice, from expanding the franchise to TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE Book Reviews 1065 electing U.S. senators directly to regulating child labor hours, wages, and working conditions; and over whether big business endorsed only those crusades it could likely manipulate for its own ends, such as nonpartisan city managers and city commissions, government regu­ latory agencies, and revamped educational administrations. To her credit, Sealander refuses to get bogged down in lengthy historio­ graphical reviews but instead concentrates on her four projects, letting their histories govern her conclusions. Also to her credit, she refuses to categorize the business leaders behind those projects—and, especially important to historians of technology, their engineering and managerial associates—as either heroes or villains. As Sealander persuasively shows, these reformers had multiple motivations, altruistic as well as selfish. Their “grand plans” incorpo­ rated scientibc management, moral uplift, and—of special relevance here—massive civil engineering. Under the inspired leadership of engineer Arthur Morgan, later president of Antioch College and then brst chairman of the Tennessee Valley Authority’s board of directors, the Miami Conservancy District proved the most successful of the four projects. Using unconventional methods, including the construc­ tion of several enormous earthen reservoirs and a literal reshaping of the valley’s topography, Morgan’s system not only made the region “forever floodproof” (p. 54) at remarkably low cost but also provided many acres of public parkland together with much improved farm­ land. Given the size and complexity of the project, one exceeded only by the Panama Canal, it was perhaps inevitable that a new public legal entity, with exceptional powers of eminent domain, would be created. These engineering and administrative feats, along with Morgan’s scheme to better the lot of ordinary workers hired...

Oscar Huntington Allis

Oscar Allis was born September 9, 1836, in Holley, New York, a direct descendant of a Puritan settler with the First Salem, Massachusetts, colony. He attended Lafayette College and received a Master of Arts degree in 1864. He graduated from Jefferson Medical College in 1866. Following an internship at the Philadelphia General Hospital, he ultimately became one of the original surgeons of the Presbyterian Hospital in Philadelphia. Allis developed a particular interest in orthopedic surgery, and was a recognized authority on fractures and dislocations. In 1895 he received the Gross prize of $1000 for his monograph on reduction of hip dislocations. Relaxation of the fascia between the iliac crest and the greater trochanter, a sign of fracture of the neck of the femur, is Allis' sign. Among his many valuable contributions to surgery were his dissector, the ether inhaler, and the splint—all were named for him. Today, the Allis forceps continues to be one of the standard instruments in any general surgical kit. The paper through which this instrument was introduced is reproduced here. Like so many articles that contribute to our heritage in this Classics series, the subject is anastomotic technique as it developed in those early days. Allis died May 16, 1921, of a cerebral hemorrhage at the age of 84.

Haldan Keffer Hartline, 22 December 1903 - 18 March 1983

Haldan Keffer Hartline was of genuine ‘Pennsylvania Dutch’ stock. His grandfather, James A. Hartline, a cabinet maker and also a farmer was from Reading, Pennsylvania. With his wife Hettie (Esther Ann) Schollenberger he lived as a farmer in Berks county, a Pennsylvania Dutch settlement (Dutch = Deutsch = German). One of the children of this couple was Daniel Schollenberger Hartline (b. 1866). This farmer boy rose in education to become a teacher in the natural sciences at Bloomsburg State Normal School. Clearly a man of considerable gifts he had taken a Master’s degree at Lafayette College and afterwards had spent some time (1901-1902) studying at the universities of Bonn and Heidelberg. In 1897 he married Harriet Franklin Keffer (b. 1864), daughter of Washington Henry Keffer, a violinist and orchestra leader in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, and his wife Elizabeth Ann Moss of a New England colonial-time family. Harriet Keffer taught English at Bloomsburg State Normal School and played the violin in the school orchestra. She was a skilful amateur gardener and botanist and something of a connoisseur of ferns. The son of the two Bloomsburg teachers, Haldan Keffer (b. 1903) became the visual physiologist, known to his friends as Keffer. He grew up in an English-speaking family but his father had still spoken the Pennsylvanian German dialect at home and learned English in school.

Freedom of Expression in Comparative Perspective: Japan's Quiet Revolution

Of late, Japan has captured the fancy of both Americans and Europeans who hope to emulate Japanese business success by imitating Japanese management techniques. At the same time, Japan has reportedly become one of the freest nations in the world, equaling the United States and Switzerland, and surpassing France, Germany, and Italy.' Both of these developments are examples of Japan's historic success at incorporating foreign ideas into Japanese culture, and creating a different, frequently better product. To date the accounts of Japan's success story have appeared primarily in mass market paperbacks touting the superior ways of Japanese-style management.2 Now, however, Lawrence W. Beer, a political scientist who is the Fred Morgan Kirby Professor of Civil Rights at Lafayette College, has produced a volume that describes Japanese freedom of expression.3 Beer's study paints a de-

Book Review: HAZARDOUS AND TOXIC WASTES: TECHNOLOGY, MANAGEMENT AND HEALTH EFFECTS. Edited by J. Majumdar and E. W. Miller. Pennsylvania Academy of Science, c/o J. Majumdar, Department of Biology, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania 18042, U.S.A. (1984) 442 pp. $35. Reviewed by R. B. Dean

Book Review: HAZARDOUS AND TOXIC WASTES: TECHNOLOGY, MANAGEMENT AND HEALTH EFFECTS. Edited by J. Majumdar and E. W. Miller. Pennsylvania Academy of Science, c/o J. Majumdar, Department of Biology, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania 18042, U.S.A. (1984) 442 pp. $35. Reviewed by R. B. Dean

The Thematics of Interpretation: James's Artist Tales

The Thematics of Interpretation: James's Artist Tales by Hana Wirth-Nesher, Tel Aviv University and Lafayette College James's literary stature has never been as easy a matter to determine as that of Tolstoy or Balzac, and discussions of his fiction inevitably focus on the connection between aesthetics and morality. Some critics have judged his writing to be overly refined and precious and his subjects to be indifferent to the major concerns of man. For them James is an aesthete, and his works are doomed to be minor. For others, James is a moralist, taking a firm stand against aestheticism in his novels and exploring complex human issues without the didacticism of his predecessors. Indeed, response to James's work becomes a kind of cultural barometer. This controversy about James's reputation and how it reflects our sensibilities is sharply evident in a significant critical reversal by Philip Rahv. In 1943 he wrote, "This tension between the impulse to plunge into 'experience' and the impulse to renounce it is the chief source of the internal yet astonishingly abundant Jamesian emotion" ("Attitudes to Henry James" 223). He added that his contradictions constitute his greatness. In an article in 1972, however , Rahv denied that James is a major writer on an international scale, and he said that many readers are "put off by the tension in him between the impulse to consent to experience and the impulse to withdraw from it" ("The Henry James Cult" 20). His renunciations, he decided, are "cerebrally calculated and too contrived to carry conviction ," while he lapses into "obsessive refinement , a veritable delirium of refinement ." What has happened? Writing during the height of the Vietnam War, Rahv concluded that James was hopelessly dated, that his views about Old World corruption and New World innocence made Rahv cringe. "This idea strikes us today as preposterous—a transient historical fantasy generated by an exaggerated sense of national security and a buoyant self-interpretive grandiosity from which at this late date one recoils with bewilderment." What is bewildering is that Rahv, writing at a time when America was discovering the evil within, could read James so literally, could condemn James for ever having thought America innocent. In the aftermath of that painful discovery for America, we can look at James afresh and realize that he conveyed in his novels what it has taken America, at least according to Rahv, a long time to discover: namely, that frequently acting means inflicting pain, that involvement entails corruption, that evil is not partisan, but the product of history, from the personal to the global scale. That James's commitment to form and to the theme of art was not contrary to moral concerns was best expressed by R. P. Blackmur in 1943: "James made of the theme of the artist a focus for the ultimate theme of human integrity, how it is conceived , how it is destroyed, and how, ideally, it may be regained" (191). Indeed, Lionel Trilling claimed that James's "imagination of disaster" was what "cut James off from his contemporaries and it is what recommends him to us now" (57). Echoing Blackmur, he concludes: "James even goes so far as to imply that the man of art may be close to the secret center of things when the man of action is quite apart from it" (76). James's emphasis on art, then, would not make him an "aesthete," but a writer engaged in the central problem of man. The difficulty critics encounter in trying to determine where James stands occurs because the controversy about him is the very stuff of the novels. James continually sets up, or has his characters set up, seemingly ideal forms of life or of love, only later to undercut those ideals or to demonstrate their danger. Yet he does not allow for an escape from establishing the patterns. In a James novel, man, by possessing an imagination , is fated to use it, to fantasize and to act upon those fantasies, to fight chaos with order and then to fall victim to that very order. Beneath much of James's fiction runs the dictum of Freud—that great Volume V 117 The Henry James...

Herbert L. Matthews and the Cuban Revolution

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsRichard E. WelchThe author is Professor of History at Lafayette College.

Northampton Street Bridge

The historical background and the design and construction of the Northampton Street Bridge are documented. This structure is a well preserved example of an unusual steel cantilever bridge of the 1890s. It spans the Delaware River at Easton, Pennsylvania, and was built to replace Timothy Palmer’s wooden covered bridge of 1806. Its designer, James Madison Porter 3rd, was a prominent citizen of Easton and a professor of civil engineering at Lafayette College. Keenly aware of the townspeople’s desire for a handsome structure, Porter selected a bridge configuration and proportions well suited for the surrounding area. The substructure and superstructure and the construction sequence are described, on the basis of information given in the contract documents and in the design and detail drawings, and in construction photographs. Traffic and maintenance over the years, and damage caused by Hurricane Diane in 1955 and subsequent repairs, are reviewed. The bridge remains in service and is readily accessible for informal inspection. The most important documentation records are available in the nearby Lafayette College library and in the Easton Public Library.

The Business of Writing: An Interview With David Bradley

David Bradley is the author of two novels. South Street, published in 1975, was written while he was still an undergraduate at the University of Pennsylvania. Bradley's second novel, The Chaneysville Incident was an immediate critical success. A Book-of-the-Month alternate selection and the winner of the 1982 PEN/ Faulkner Award as the best work of fiction by an American writer, The Chaneysville Incident was acclaimed as one of the best books of 1981. Born in 1950, David Bradley grew up in Bedford, Pennsylvania, the setting for The Chaneysville Incident. After graduating from the University of Pennsylvania in 1972, he spent a year of post-graduate study at the Institute for United States Studies at King's College of the University of London. Formerly an assistant editor at the J.B. Lippincott Company, Bradley is an Associate Professor of English at Temple University. The following interview was conducted during David Bradley's weeklong visit as Writer-in-Residence at Lafayette College in April, 1983.

Carl Schurz: A Biography

Journal Article Carl Schurz: A Biography. By Hans L. Trefousse. (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1982. xiii + 386 pp. Illustrations, notes, bibliography, and index. $29.50.) Get access Richard E. Welch, Jr. Richard E. Welch, Jr. Lafayette College Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 69, Issue 4, March 1983, Pages 990–991, https://doi.org/10.2307/1901242 Published: 01 March 1983

The Presidency of William McKinley

Journal Article The Presidency of William McKinley. By Lewis L. Gould. (Lawrence: Regents Press of Kansas, 1980. xiii + 294 pp. Notes, bibliographical essay, and index. $15.00.) Get access Richard E. Welch, Jr. Richard E. Welch, Jr. Lafayette College Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 68, Issue 2, September 1981, Pages 416–417, https://doi.org/10.2307/1890040 Published: 01 September 1981

Model Influence on Career Choices of College Students

Vocational Guidance QuarterlyVolume 27, Issue 3 p. 239-243 Model Influence on Career Choices of College Students SUSAN A. BASOW, SUSAN A. BASOW This article was written while the authors were at Trenton State College, New Jersey. Portions were presented at the meeting of the Eastern Psychological Association, Boston, April 1977. The first author is now affiliated with the Psychology Department of Lafayette College, Easton, PA 18042.Search for more papers by this authorKAREN GLASSER HOWE, KAREN GLASSER HOWE This article was written while the authors were at Trenton State College, New Jersey. Portions were presented at the meeting of the Eastern Psychological Association, Boston, April 1977. The first author is now affiliated with the Psychology Department of Lafayette College, Easton, PA 18042.Search for more papers by this author SUSAN A. BASOW, SUSAN A. BASOW This article was written while the authors were at Trenton State College, New Jersey. Portions were presented at the meeting of the Eastern Psychological Association, Boston, April 1977. The first author is now affiliated with the Psychology Department of Lafayette College, Easton, PA 18042.Search for more papers by this authorKAREN GLASSER HOWE, KAREN GLASSER HOWE This article was written while the authors were at Trenton State College, New Jersey. Portions were presented at the meeting of the Eastern Psychological Association, Boston, April 1977. The first author is now affiliated with the Psychology Department of Lafayette College, Easton, PA 18042.Search for more papers by this author First published: March 1979 https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2164-585X.1979.tb00991.xCitations: 24 AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume27, Issue3March 1979Pages 239-243 RelatedInformation

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Mutagenicity of dieldrin in the Salmonella–microsome test

Dieldrin was assayed in vitro for its mutagenic activity in several strains of S. typhimurium with and without Aroclor 1254 treated mouse liver homogenate (S-9M). The mutagenicity of the insecticide was expressed maximally in all strains in the presence of liver S-9M and less so in three strains without liver microsomes.

John H. Langbein. <italic>Prosecuting Crime in the Renaissance: England, Germany, France</italic>. (Studies in Legal History.) Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. 1974. Pp. ix, 321. $14.95

John H. Langbein. Prosecuting Crime in the Renaissance: England, Germany, France. (Studies in Legal History.) Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. 1974. Pp. ix, 321. $14.95 Get access Langbein John H.. Prosecuting Crime in the Renaissance: England, Germany, France. (Studies in Legal History.) Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. 1974. Pp. ix, 321. $14.95. Richard R. Benert Richard R. Benert Lafayette College Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 80, Issue 4, October 1975, Pages 960–961, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/80.4.960-a Published: 01 October 1975

Analytical Methods for Pesticides and Plant Growth Regulators. Vol. VII: Thin Layer and Liquid Chromatography and Analysis of Pesticides of International Importance J. Sherma (Dept. of Chemistry, Lafayette College, Easton, PA) and G. Zweig (Life Sciences Division, Syracuse Univ. Research Corp., Syracuse, NY).

Analytical Methods for Pesticides and Plant Growth Regulators. Vol. VII: Thin Layer and Liquid Chromatography and Analysis of Pesticides of International Importance J. Sherma (Dept. of Chemistry, Lafayette College, Easton, PA) and G. Zweig (Life Sciences Division, Syracuse Univ. Research Corp., Syracuse, NY). Get access Journal of Chromatographic Science, Volume 13, Issue 2, February 1975, Page 33A, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/13.2.33A-a Published: 01 February 1975

Handbook of Chromatography, Volume II G. Zweig (Syracuse Univ. Research Corp., Syracuse, NY) and J. Sherma (Lafayette College, Easton, PA) Editors. C.R.C. Press, Cleveland, 1972. 343 pp. $21.50

Handbook of Chromatography, Volume II G. Zweig (Syracuse Univ. Research Corp., Syracuse, NY) and J. Sherma (Lafayette College, Easton, PA) Editors. C.R.C. Press, Cleveland, 1972. 343 pp. $21.50