Lactobacillus Plantarum Strains Research Articles

Co-fermentation of peanut milk by selected lactic acid bacteria on its protein structure, Ara h 1's immunoreactivity, physical-chemical properties and sensory attributes

The commercialization of peanut products is presently limited by the absence of a reliable method of degrading the allergen while yielding acceptable flavor. We examined the effect of co-fermentation of peanut milk by Lactobacillus plantarum strain P1 and Lactobacillus pentosus strain Y6 (FPM-LE) on its protein structure, Ara h 1's immunoreactivity, physicochemical properties and flavor. Protein analysis showed that protein folding, and degradation occurred during the fermentation and significantly degraded peanut proteins greater than 20 kDa. The immunoreactivity of FPM-LE of Ara h 1 was most reduced by 74.65% compared to sterilized peanut milk. We found that FPM-LE had higher acidity, water holding capacity, viscosity. The flavor of FPM-LE was significantly improved compared to peanut milk fermented by L. plantarum P1 or L. pentosus Y6 alone. The characteristic flavor metabolites (CFM) of FPM-LE were 1-hexanol. Overall, FPM-LE as a product has strong potential to become a hypoallergenic, peanut milk drink with excellent taste and flavor.

Prodrug-conjugated tumor-seeking commensals for targeted cancer therapy

Prodrugs have been explored as an alternative to conventional chemotherapy; however, their target specificity remains limited. The tumor microenvironment harbors a range of microorganisms that potentially serve as tumor-targeting vectors for delivering prodrugs. In this study, we harness bacteria-cancer interactions native to the tumor microbiome to achieve high target specificity for prodrug delivery. We identify an oral commensal strain of Lactobacillus plantarum with an intrinsic cancer-binding mechanism and engineer the strain to enable the surface loading of anticancer prodrugs, with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) as a model cancer. The engineered commensals show specific binding to NPC via OppA-mediated recognition of surface heparan sulfate, and the loaded prodrugs are activated by tumor-associated biosignals to release SN-38, a chemotherapy compound, near NPC. In vitro experiments demonstrate that the prodrug-loaded microbes significantly increase the potency of SN-38 against NPC cell lines, up to 10-fold. In a mouse xenograft model, intravenous injection of the engineered L. plantarum leads to bacterial colonization in NPC tumors and a 67% inhibition in tumor growth, enhancing the efficacy of SN-38 by 54%.

Exploring the Potential Role of Lactobacillus plantarum in the Reversal of Induced Cognitive Long-term Memory Impairment

Long-term Memory (LTM) is formed by sequential changes in the different brain regions due to synaptic plasticity changes. This synaptic plasticity changes formed in the brain due to the acquittance of unexposed information and its retrieval due to learning and memory formation (LMF). In a normal condition, LMF uses RNA and protein synthesis machinery to form LTM, which lasts till the end of an organism's lifetime. Formed LTM shows sequential changes happening in the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons. Stated sequential changes are initiated when the released neurotransmitter binds with the postsynaptic neuronal receptors and activates the brain's ERK - CREB neuronal signaling pathway. Based on the previous findings, the present study was designed to study the interrelationship between cognitive impairment and oral/gut dysbiosis with the help of a probiotic strain (Lactobacillus plantarum). Two phases of behavioural analysis (first and second phase) were used to identify the effect of oral microbial infusions on impaired LTM formation and its reversal using restoration of dysbiosed gut/oral microbiota. The first phase of behavioural analysis (FPBA) reported that oral microbial infusion plays a major role in developing oral/gut dysbiosis, which results in impaired cognitive functions. Further, formed oral/gut microbiota dysbiosis was reversed with the help of probiotic strain in the second phase of behavioural analysis (SPBA). Thus, a comparative two-phase behavioural analysis revealed that probiotics may play a significant role in reversing induced cognitive decline. The outcome of the present study also proved that probiotic treatment might play a major role in the reversal of dysbiosed microbiota in the oral cavity and the gut.

PSIII-14 Effect of a combined supplementation of Bacillus spp. and lactic acid bacteria probiotics on growth performance and fecal score in nursery pigs

Abstract This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of a combined supplementation of Bacillus spp. and lactic acid bacteria probiotics on growth performance and fecal score in nursery pigs. Bacillus spp. probiotics have been shown to improve the proliferation of lactic acid bacteria in the gut of piglets. A total of 45 newly weaned piglets (initial body weight = 8.37 ± 1.38 kg; weaning age = 27.2 ± 1.05 d) were allotted to 3 treatments in 3 replicates with 5 pigs per pen based on body weight, gender, and breed for a 28-d feeding trial. Treatments were: 1) Control: no probiotic supplementation, 2) PB: Bacillus spp. probiotic supplementation, and 3) PBL: Bacillus spp. and lactic acid bacteria probiotic supplementation. The Bacillus spp. probiotic consisted of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis and was supplemented to the PB and PBL diets at the recommended level (3.2 × 109 CFU/kg diet). The lactic acid bacteria probiotic consisted of Lactobacillus acidophilus, plantarum, casei, and Enterococcus faecium strains and was supplemented to the diets at the recommended level (4 and 2 × 107 CFU/kg diet for Phase 1 and 2, respectively). Corn-soybean meal-based diets were used for d 0-15 (Phase 1) and d 15-28 (Phase 2) postweaning. Growth performance and fecal score (1 = normal, 4 = severe diarrhea) were measured in each phase. In the Phase 1 (d 0-15 postweaning), average daily gain tended to be greater in the PBL treatment compared with the Control treatment (P = 0.13; 0.268 and 0.210 kg/d, respectively), and average daily feed intake tended to be greater in the PBL treatment compared with the Control and PB treatments (P = 0.12; 0.385, 0.375, and 0.424 kg/d for the Control, PB, and PBL treatments, respectively). In the overall period (d 0-28 postweaning), average daily feed intake tended to be greater in the PBL treatment compared with the PB treatment (P = 0.07; 0.651 and 0.596 kg/d, respectively), and gain to feed ratio in the PB treatment tended to be greater compared with the Control and PBL treatments (P = 0.10; 0.618, 0.649, and 0.620 kg/d for the Control, PB, and PBL treatments, respectively). Fecal score was significantly improved in both PB and PBL treatments compared with the Control treatment from d 7 postweaning (P = 0.08) to the end of experiment (P < 0.05; 1.75, 1.41, and 1.42 for the Control, PB, and PBL treatments, respectively). In conclusion, both lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus spp. probiotic supplementation to nursery diets may have potential to improve growth rate and feed intake in early nursery period and probiotic supplementation could improve fecal consistency of weaning pigs in the nursery period.

Antimicrobial, Probiotic, and Immunomodulatory Potential of Cannabis sativa Extract and Delivery Systems.

The compounds present in hemp show multidirectional biological activity. It is related to the presence of secondary metabolites, mainly cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids, and the synergy of their biological activity. The aim of this study was to assess the activity of the Henola Cannabis sativae extract and its combinations with selected carriers (polyvinyl caprolactam-polyvinyl acetate-polyethylene glycol graft copolymer, magnesium aluminometasilicate, and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin) in terms of antimicrobial, probiotic, and immunobiological effects. As a result of the conducted research, the antimicrobial activity of the extract was confirmed in relation to the following microorganisms: Clostridium difficile, Listeria monocytogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus pyrogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aereuginosa, and Candida albicans (microorganism count was reduced from ~102 CFU mL-1 to <10 CFU mL-1 in most cases). Additionally, for the system with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, a significant probiotic potential against bacterial strains was established for strains Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus reuteri, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus fermentum, and Streptococcus thermophilus (microorganism count was increased from ~102 to 104-107). In terms of immunomodulatory properties, it was determined that the tested extract and the systems caused changes in IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α levels.

Screening and evaluation of prebiotic exopolysaccharide of Lactobacillus plantarum on treating IBD in mice

PurposeThis research aimed at ascertaining the effects of prebiotic exopolysaccharide on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). MethodsWe studied the prebiotic activity of EPSs from 5 Lactobacillus plantarum strains using an in vitro gut microbiota model. The EPS with the strongest activity was fed to DSS-induced IBD mice. We then examined the mice's gut microbiota, serum cytokines, oxidative stress, and metabolic conditions. ResultsIn the in vitro experiment, Only EPS32 of the 5 EPSs exhibited a good prebiotic activity similar to inulin. The EPS32 is composed of rhamnose, fructose, and galactose in a ratio of 8.2:1:1.7. When feeding mice with 50 mg/kgBW/day EPS32 for 10 days, it significantly alleviated the IBD symptoms including restoring gut microbiota dysbiosis, increasing short-chain fatty acid production, lowering pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, lowering oxidative stress in the lumen, and restore the metabolic conditions. ConclusionContinuous intake of prebiotic EPS can effectively alleviate IBD symptoms.

Investigation of the Protective Effect of Probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum Ep-M17 on the Hepatopancreas of Penaeus vannamei

Infection with the pathogenic bacterium Vibrio parahaemolyticus typically causes severe hepatopancreatic damage in Penaeus vannamei, often resulting in acute shrimp mortality. Therefore, protecting the shrimp’s hepatopancreas is crucial for enhancing their disease resistance. Previous research has demonstrated that the probiotic strain Lactobacillus plantarum Ep-M17 inhibits the growth of V. parahaemolyticus E1 in vitro. However, it remains uncertain whether Ep-M17 can provide protective benefits to the shrimp’s hepatopancreas. To address this knowledge gap, our present study investigated the histological changes, enzyme activity, gene transcription, and metabolite levels in the hepatopancreas of shrimp after a 4-week diet supplemented with Ep-M17. The results revealed that incorporating Ep-M17 into the shrimp’s diet alleviated the damage by V. parahaemolyticus E1 infection in hepatopancreatic cells. In addition, the inclusion of Ep-M17 notably boosted the effectiveness of immunodigestive enzymes such as SOD, AKP, and CAT. Furthermore, Ep-M17 stimulated gene transcription in crucial immune response-related signalling pathways like the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and the antigen processing and presentation pathway. Moreover, the incorporation of Ep-M17 into shrimp diets increased the levels of β-alanine, and histidine in the hepatopancreas, enhancing anti-inflammatory capacity and improving the shrimp’s immune response. Overall, the results indicate that incorporating Ep-M17 into the diet can enhance shrimp disease resistance by bolstering both immune response and metabolic activity within the hepatopancreas. These results underscore the importance of probiotics in controlling aquatic animal diseases and highlight Ep-M17 as a promising dietary supplement for enhancing shrimp health and immunity in aquaculture.

Production of prebiotic enriched maple syrup through enzymatic conversion of sucrose into fructo-oligosaccharides

Maple syrup, a popular natural sweetener has a high content of sucrose, whose consumption is linked to different health issues such as obesity and diabetes. Hence, within this paper, the conversion of sucrose to prebiotics (fructo-oligosaccharides, FOS) was proposed as a promising approach to obtaining a healthier, value-added product. Enzymatic conversion was optimized with respect to key experimental factors, and thereafter derived immobilized preparation of fructosyltransferase (FTase) from Pectinex® Ultra SP-L (FTase-epoxy Purolite, 255 IU/g support) was successfully utilized to produce novel functional product in ten consecutive reaction cycles. The product, obtained under optimal conditions (60 °C, 7.65 IU/mL, 12 h), resulted in 56.0% FOS, 16.7% sucrose, and 27.3% monosaccharides of total carbohydrates, leading to a 1.6-fold reduction in caloric content. The obtained products` prebiotic potential toward the probiotic strain Lactobacillus plantarum 299v was demonstrated. The changes in physico-chemical and sensorial characteristics were esteemed as negligible.

THE MOST COMMON DISORDERS OF THE INTESTINE-BRAIN AXIS IN PATIENTS WITH GLUTEN-DEPENDENT DISEASES ON THE BACKGROUND OF MEDICAL NUTRITION AND THE POSSIBILITY OF THEIR CORRECTION

Background. At least 20% of people with celiac disease (CD) continue to experience symptoms during a gluten-free diet (GFD). Other estimates indicate that more than one-third of individuals with celiac disease have symptoms similar to those seen in disorders of gut-brain interaction (particularly irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or functional dyspepsia). Similarly, approximately 25% of individuals with non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) continue to have unexplained complaints during a GFD.&#x0D; Aim: To investigate and evaluate the potential correction of IBS-like symptoms in patients with celiac disease and NCGS adhering to a GFD using a probiotic.&#x0D; Materials and Methods. The study included 42 adult participants, of whom 22 (52.38%) had celiac disease, and 20 (47.62%) had NCGS. Patient surveys, using the Irritable Bowel Syndrome Severity Scoring System (IBS-SSS), were conducted in April-May 2023 before and after the administration of a multi-strain probiotic containing Lactobacillus plantarum CECT7484, Lactobacillus plantarum CECT7485, Pediococcus acidilactici CECT7483 - at least 3x10⁹ CFU. The duration of the probiotic treatment was 30 days. The data obtained were processed using the "Statistica 10.0" software package.&#x0D; Results. After a 30-day course of probiotic intake, a significant reduction in the severity of IBS-like symptoms (p=0.00005) was observed in the majority of patients with gluten-sensitive pathology according to the IBS-SSS questionnaire: symptom reduction was noted in 29 patients (69%), no change in condition in 7 patients (17%), worsening of the condition and increased severity of complaints in 6 patients (14%). The severity of IBS-like symptoms determined the treatment response: in patients with IBS and more pronounced symptoms, the probiotic showed significantly greater effectiveness, particularly in cases with pronounced complaints (bloating, constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain) (p=0.009376) and in moderate cases (p=0.000379). The probiotic most effectively influenced bloating in both patient groups (p=0.003699).&#x0D; Conclusion. The combination of two strains of Lactobacillus plantarum (CECT7484 and CECT7485) and one strain of Pediococcus acidilactici (CECT7483) can be effectively used to correct IBS-like complaints in patients with celiac disease and NCGS who have complaints despite adhering to a GFD.

Lactobacillus plantarum in the Gut of a Marine Fish from a Caloocan Local Market

The search for potential probiotic bacteria of value to medicine, food industry, agriculture, and aquaculture has been extended in this study where bacterial isolates from the intestines of talakitok (Alectis sp.), a Philippine marine fish cultured and grown using de Man-Rogosa-Sharpe agar, were used to isolate Gram-positive rods that are catalyse negative. Its identity of 93-95% with Lactobacillus plantarum strains was confirmed by NCBI BLAST of the 16S rRNA forward and reverse sequences.

Beneficial effects of sour pork fermented with a Lactobacillus plantarum strain on lowering blood lipids in mice

As a type of main meat food, pork is widely accepted, and has been used over a long time by residents in China. However, its high cholesterol is the primary unfavourable factor that influences human health. The reduction of cholesterol content in pork through fermentation using probiotics may be a promising candidate approach. In the present work, the probiotic strains were obtained from traditional naturally fermented foods, and identified via monoclonal culture, morphological observation, biochemical detection, and 16S rRNA sequencing. The dominant strain was used to produce sour pork, which was applied to regulate lipid metabolism in mice. Results showed that a total of 31 strains were identified from the traditional naturally fermented foods, of which four strains had similar characteristics to Lactobacillus plantarum, and displayed good capacity for cholesterol degradation with metabolism efficiencies of 75.31% (DC2 strain), 68.01% (PC1 strain), 60.49% (SC1 strain), and 58.02% (DC1 strain). The dominant strain DC2 had 99.93% homology with L. plantarum. Following fermentation with DC2 strain (4 × 106 CFU/g inoculum size, 20-day incubation), the cholesterol in sour pork was significantly reduced with 77.2% efficiency. The serum lipids in mice that were fed with sour pork were significantly lower than those in mice that were fed with normal pork. In summary, a L. plantarum strain with good capacity for cholesterol degradation was obtained (CCTCC NO: M 2019121). The strain can be used to produce fermented sour pork. Dietary sour pork may be beneficial for lowering blood lipid levels.

Oral Administration of Fermented Milk from Co-Starter Containing Lactobacillus plantarum Y44 Shows an Ameliorating Effect on Hypertension in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.

Fermented dairy foods such as yogurt exhibit some beneficial effects on consumers, including relieving the symptoms of hypertension. This study aims to obtain fermented dairy products from a co-starter that have a great flavor and the auxiliary function of reducing blood pressure after longtime consumption. Commercial starter cultures composed of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus CICC 6047 and Streptococcus thermophilus CICC 6038 were combined with Lactobacillus plantarum strains Y44, Y12, and Y16, respectively, as a combined starter culture to ferment the mixed milk of skim milk and soybean milk. The fermented milk produced using the combined starter culture mixed with L. plantarum Y44 showed an angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity (53.56 ± 0.69%). Some peptides that regulate blood pressure were released in the fermented milk, such as AMKPWIQPK, GPVRGPFPII, LNVPGEIVE, NIPPLTQTPV, and YQEPVL. In spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) oral-administration experiments compared with the gavage unfermented milk group, the gavage feeding of SHRs with the fermented milk produced using the combined starter culture mixed with L. plantarum Y44 significantly reduced the blood pressure of the SHRs after long-term intragastric administration, shown with the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) decreasing by 23.67 ± 2.49 mmHg and 15.22 ± 2.62 mmHg, respectively. Moreover, the abundance of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), bacterial diversity in the gut microbiota, and SCFA levels including acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid in the feces of the SHRs were increased via oral administration of the fermented milk produced using the combined starter culture containing L. plantarum Y44. Furthermore, the ACE-angiotensin II (Ang II)-angiotensin type 1 (AT 1) axis was downregulated, the angiotensin-converting-enzyme 2 (ACE 2)-angiotensin(1-7) (Ang1-7)-Mas receptor axis of the SHRs was upregulated, and then the RAS signal was rebalanced. The fermented milk obtained from the combined starter culture shows the potential to be a functional food with antihypertension properties.

The Anti-Inflammatory and Curative Exponent of Probiotics: A Comprehensive and Authentic Ingredient for the Sustained Functioning of Major Human Organs.

Several billion microorganisms reside in the gastrointestinal lumen, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and yeast. Among them, probiotics were primarily used to cure digestive disorders such as intestinal infections and diarrhea; however, with a paradigm shift towards alleviating health through food, their importance is large. Moreover, recent studies have changed the perspective that probiotics prevent numerous ailments in the major organs. Probiotics primarily produce biologically active compounds targeting discommodious pathogens. This review demonstrates the implications of using probiotics from different genres to prevent and alleviate ailments in the primary human organs. The findings reveal that probiotics immediately activate anti-inflammatory mechanisms by producing anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, IL-11, and IL-13, and hindering pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α by involving regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T helper cells (Th cells). Several strains of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus reuteri, Bifidobacterium longum, and Bifidobacterium breve have been listed among the probiotics that are excellent in alleviating various simple to complex ailments. Therefore, the importance of probiotics necessitates robust research to unveil the implications of probiotics, including the potency of strains, the optimal dosages, the combination of probiotics, their habitat in the host, the host response, and other pertinent factors.

Cereal-based fermented synbiotic instant powders: a dessert practice

Objective: This study was aimed to develop synbiotic and probiotic instant powder mixtures that can be used in food products to meet the increasing interest of consumers in functional foods. Materials and Methods Cereal flours (oat, rice, wheat), sesame, cranberry, chestnut and milled germinated grains (lentil, mung bean) were blended and autoclaved then subjected to fermentation process using the Lactobacillus plantarum strain. A part of the porridge was conventionally dried (FPP) and skim milk powder+fructooligosaccharide+inulin mixture as prebiotic sources were added to the other part and subjected to freeze drying (FSP). The viability of probiotics in the gastrointestinal environment and the Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and bile-acid binding capacities of the powders after in vitro digestion were analyzed. The sensory acceptability of the desserts was evaluated. Results: FSP contained a higher number of viable cells than FPP after in vitro digestion. Relative bile-acid binding and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition capacities of samples were confirmed as their cholesterol-lowering and blood pressure-regulating potential. The panelists rated the dessert samples enriched with 5-15% FPP and FSP as 'liked'. Conclusion: The integration of these powders into a variety of food products will provide consumers with healthier dietary choices that support their overall health goals.

In vivo assessment of Lactobacillus plantarum strains in black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon): implications for growth performance, probiotic-pathogen interaction, and defense against AHPND infection

In vivo assessment of Lactobacillus plantarum strains in black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon): implications for growth performance, probiotic-pathogen interaction, and defense against AHPND infection

Mixed probiotics modulated gut microbiota to improve spermatogenesis in bisphenol A-exposed male mice

Bisphenol A (BPA), an environmental endocrine disruptor (EDC), has been implicated in impairing intestinal and male reproductive dysfunction. The efficacy of gut microbiota modulation for BPA-exposed testicular dysfunction has yet to be verified through research. Therefore, this study explored the potential of mixed probiotics in restoring spermatogenesis damage through the gut-testis axis under BPA exposure. We selected two probiotics strains (Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus plantarum) with BPA removal properties in vitro and the BPA-exposed male mice model was established. The probiotics mixture effectively reduced BPA residue in the gut, serum, and testis in mice. Through 16 S rDNA-seq and metabolomics sequencing, we uncovered that vitamin D metabolism and bile acid levels in the gut was abolished under BPA exposure. This perturbation was linked to an increased abundance of Faecalibaculum and decreased abundance of Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and Ligilactobacillus. The probiotics mixture restored this balance, enhancing intestinal barrier function and reducing oxidative stress. This improvement was accompanied by a restored balance of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Remarkably, the probiotics ameliorated testicular dysfunction by repairing structures of seminiferous tubules and reversing arrested spermiogenesis. Further, the probiotics mixture enhanced testosterone-driven increases in spermatogonial stem cells and all stages of sperm cells. Testicular transcriptome profiling linked these improvements to fatty acid degradation and peroxisome pathways. These findings suggest a significant interplay between spermatogenesis and gut microbiota, demonstrating that probiotic intake could be a viable strategy for combating male subfertility issues caused by BPA exposure.

Heterologous expression and enzymatic characteristics of sulfatase from Lactobacillus plantarum dy-1.

Barley, rich in bioactive components including dietary fiber, polyphenolic compounds and functional proteins, exhibits health benefits such as regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. Previous studies have found that the content and composition of free phenolic acids in barley may be significantly changed by fermentation with the laboratory patented strain Lactobacillus plantarum dy-1 (L. p dy-1), but the mechanism of enzymatic release of phenolic acid remains to be elucidated. Based on this, this study aimed to identify the key enzyme in L. p dy-1 responsible for releasing the bound phenolic acid and to further analyze its enzymatic properties. The Carbohydrate-Active enZYmes database revealed that L. p dy-1 encodes 7 types of auxiliary enzymes, among which we have identified a membrane sulfatase. The enzyme gene LPMS05445 was heterologous to that expressed in E. coli, and a recombinant strain was induced to produce the target protein and purified. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was about 59.9 kDa, with 578.21 U mg-1 enzyme activity. The optimal temperature and pH for LPMS05445 expression were 40 °C and 7.0, respectively. Furthermore, enzymatic hydrolysis by LPMS05445 can obviously change the surface microstructure of dietary fiber from barley bran and enhance the release of bound phenolic acid, thereby increasing the free phenolic acid content and improving its physiological function. In conclusion, sulfatase produced by Lactobacillus plantarum dy-1 plays a key role in releasing bound phenolic acids during the fermentation of barley.

The Role of Oral Probiotics in Alleviating Inflammation, Symptom Relief, and Postoperative Recurrence and Their Side Effects in Adults With Crohn's Disease: A Systematic Review.

Crohn's disease (CD) is a lifelong problem for patients, despite having multiple pharmacological options and surgeries fortreatment. In order to achieve best results, probiotics are being used even though their efficacy is still debatable. This systematic review analyzes the safety and efficacy of several probiotics in CD. PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect are the databases searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), animal studies, in vitro studies, and reviews. After quality appraisal and cross checking the literature, this systematic review is carried out grounded on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 2020 (PRISMA 2020)guidelines. A study of 16 papers in total which include nearly 2023 subjectsshowed thatonly very few probiotics are efficient in furnishing remission in CD complaints. Kefir, an inexpensive fermented milk product, significantly reduced the inflammation and drastically bettered the quality of life and hence can be considered as an asset for CD patients. Lactobacillus thermophilus, Bifidobacterium longum, Enterococcus faecalis, and Bacillus licheniformis can control diarrhea in patients of 22-54-year age group and improve cognitive reactivity in sad mood with short-term consumption. VSL#3 (VSL Pharmaceuticals,Gaithersburg,Maryland, United States) has good efficacy in precluding recurrence and easing side effects after ileocecal resection in adults. Animal models and lab studies have proved that Lactobacillus plantarum CBT LP3, Saccharomyces cerevisiaeCNCM I-3856 (yeast), few strains of Lactobacillus plantarum, Bifidobacterium animalis spp., Lactobacillus acidophilus LA1, Lactobacillus paracasei 101/37, and especially Bifidobacterium breve Bbr8are significant enough to ameliorate the disease condition. In conclusion, probiotics are safe in CD with very few modifiable side effects. Some probiotics are proven to be significant in animal and lab studies; hence, these should be studied in human RCTs, to check their efficiency in human beings. There are limited observational and interventional studies in this regard. Large population-sizes trials are highly demanded in theareas of prognosticated positive results that are mentioned in this systematic review.

Supplementation with high-GABA-producing Lactobacillus plantarum L5 ameliorates essential tremor triggered by decreased gut bacteria-derived GABA

BackgroundThe γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) hypothesis posits a role of GABA deficiency in the central nervous system in the pathogenesis and progression of essential tremor (ET). However, the specific causative factor for GABA deficiency is not clear. The gut microbiota in mammals has recently been considered as a significant source of GABA. Furthermore, the GABA-based signals originating from the intestine can be transmitted to the brain through the “enteric nervous system–vagus nerve–brain” axis. However, the plausible contribution of gut microbiota to ET seems inspiring but remains obscure.MethodsFecal samples from patients with ET and healthy controls were examined by metagenomic sequencing to compare the composition of gut microbiota and the expression of genes involved in GABA biosynthesis. The impact of gut microbiota on ET was explored through transplantation of fecal microbiota from patients with ET into the murine ET model. Lactic acid bacteria producing high amounts of GABA were identified through whole-genome sequencing and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Subsequently, mice were treated with the high-GABA-producing strain Lactobacillus plantarum L5. Tremor severity, behavioral tests, pro-inflammatory cytokines, GABA concentration, and gut microbiota composition were examined in these mice.ResultsThe gut microbiota of patients with ET demonstrated an impaired GABA-producing capacity and a reduced fecal GABA concentration. Transplantation of the gut microbiota from patients with ET induced an extension of tremor duration and impaired mobility in the murine model of ET. L5 exhibited an augmented GABA-producing capacity, with the De Man-Rogosa-Sharpe culture broth containing 262 mg/l of GABA. In addition, administration of L5 significantly decreased the tremor severity and enhanced the movement capability and grasping ability of ET mice. In vivo mechanistic experiments indicated that L5 reshaped the gut microbial composition, supplemented the mucosa-associated microbiota with GABA-producing capacity, increased the GABA concentrations in the cerebellum, and diminished inflammation in the central nervous system.ConclusionsThese findings highlight that deficiency of GABA-producing gut microbes plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of ET and that L5 is a promising candidate for treating ET.

Distinct Microbial Taxa Are Associated with LDL-Cholesterol Reduction after 12 Weeks of Lactobacillus plantarum Intake in Mild Hypercholesterolemia: Results of a Randomized Controlled Study.

Probiotic microbes such as Lactobacillus may reduce serum total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum strains CECT7527, CECT7528, and CECT7529 (LP) on the serum lipids, cardiovascular parameters, and fecal gut microbiota composition in patients with mild hypercholesterolemia. A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial with 86 healthy adult participants with untreated elevated LDL cholesterol ≥ 160mg/dl was conducted. Participants were randomly allocated to either placebo or LP (1.2 × 109CFU/d) for 12weeks. LDL, HDL, TC, and triglycerides (TG), cardiovascular parameters (blood pressure, arterial stiffness), and fecal gut microbiota composition (16S rRNA gene sequencing) were assessed at baseline and after 12weeks. Both groups were comparable regarding age, sex, and LDL-C at baseline. LDL-C decreased (mean decrease - 6.6mg/dl ± - 14.0mg/dl, Ptime*group = 0.006) in the LP group but not in the placebo group. No effects were observed on HDL, TG, or cardiovascular parameters or overall gut microbiota composition. Responders to LP intervention (> 5% LDL-C reduction) were characterized by higher BMI, pronounced TC reduction, higher abundance of fecal Roseburia, and lower abundance of Oscillibacter. In conclusion, 12weeks of L. plantarum intake moderately reduced LDL-C and TC as compared to placebo. LDL-C-lowering efficacy of L. plantarum strains may potentially be dependent on individual difference in the gut microbiota. Trial registration: DRKS00020384, dated 07/01/2020.