Lactic Acid Bacteria Pediococcus Acidilactici Research Articles

The Effectiveness of Heat-Killed Pediococcus acidilactici K15 in Preventing Respiratory Tract Infections in Preterm Infants: A Pilot Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study.

Preterm infants discharged from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) have a risk of severe viral respiratory tract infections (RTIs). Researchers have recently reported the potential use of postbiotics to decrease RTIs in young children. However, the safety and efficacy of postbiotics for preventing RTIs in preterm infants is not yet established. We conducted a pilot double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of the heat-killed lactic acid bacterium Pediococcus acidilactici K15 in 41 preterm infants born at <36 weeks of gestation and discharged from the NICU at Chiba University Hospital. Following once-daily K15 or placebo treatment for one year, no significant differences were found in the mean number of febrile days (4.5 [1.5-7.4] days vs. 6.6 [2.6-10.5] days). The subgroup analysis showed that the effect of treatment on the number of febrile days was more prominent in the K15 group than in the placebo group, among children with older siblings. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing of fecal samples illustrated that the genus Faecalimonas was enriched in the K15 group, potentially promoting butyrate production by butyrate-producing bacteria. No adverse events were found to be associated with K15 intake. There were no clear data to show the effectiveness of K15 in preventing fever and RTIs in preterm babies during infancy. A larger clinical trial is warranted.

Effect of Pediococcus acidilactici and mango seed polyphenols on the fermentative profile of the indigestible fraction of yam bean

Yam bean is an important source of dietary fiber and other components that comprise the total indigestible fraction (TIF), which can be fermented by the colonic microbiota and produce metabolites with beneficial health effects. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro colonic fermentation of yam bean TIF and the changes caused by the addition of a polyphenolic extract of mango seed and the lactic acid bacteria Pediococcus acidilactici. The mango seed extract was obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction, and the microbial growth rate and viability of P. acidilactici were determined using a Neubauer chamber. Yam bean TIF was isolated by triple enzymatic hydrolysis and subjected to in vitro colonic fermentation in combination with treatments with mango seed extract and P. acidilactici suspensions. Changes in pH, total soluble phenols (TSP), and antioxidant capacity (AOX) were evaluated. Furthermore, the production of metabolites was quantified by HPLC-DAD-MS and GC–MS. The Growth rate of P. acidilactici was 0.1097 h−1 with 97.5 % viability at 7 h of incubation. All TIF treatments showed a high capacity of fermentation, and the addition of mango seed extract increased the TSP content and AOX in DPPH and FRAP assays. A total of Forty-six volatile metabolites were detected, with highlighting the presence of esters, benzenes, aldehydes, and short-chain fatty acids. Five phenolic compounds associated with mango by-products were quantified during all fermentation process, despite the concentration of the extract. P. acidilactici did not substantially modify the fermentative profile of TIF. However, further studies such as the evaluation of the abundance of microbial communities may be necessary to observe whether it can generate changes during colonic fermentation.

Increasing Acid Tolerance of an Engineered Lactic Acid Bacterium Pediococcus acidilactici for L-Lactic Acid Production

Acid tolerance of the lactic acid bacterium (LAB) is crucially important for the production of free lactic acid as a chemical monomer by simplified purification steps. This study conducts both metabolic modification and adaptive evolution approaches on increasing the acid tolerance of an engineered Pediococcus acidilactici strain. The overexpression of the genes encoding lactate dehydrogenase, recombinase, chaperone, glutathione and ATPase did not show the observable changes in acid tolerance. On the other hand, the low pH adaptive evolution showed clear improvement. The L-lactic acid generation and cell viability of the adaptively evolved P. acidilactici were doubled at low pH up to 4.0 when wheat straw was used as carbohydrate feedstock. However, the further decrease in pH value close to the pKa (3.86) of lactic acid led to a dramatic reduction in L-lactic acid generation. This result shows a partially successful approach on improving the acid tolerance of the lactic acid bacterium P. acidilactici.

Structural analysis and biochemical properties of laccase enzymes from two Pediococcus species.

SummaryProkaryotic laccases are emergent biocatalysts. However, they have not been broadly found and characterized in bacterial organisms, especially in lactic acid bacteria. Recently, a prokaryotic laccase from the lactic acid bacterium Pediococcus acidilactici 5930, which can degrade biogenic amines, was discovered. Thus, our study aimed to shed light on laccases from lactic acid bacteria focusing on two Pediococcus laccases, P. acidilactici 5930 and Pediococcus pentosaceus 4816, which have provided valuable information on their biochemical activities on redox mediators and biogenic amines. Both laccases are able to oxidize canonical substrates as ABTS, ferrocyanide and 2,6‐DMP, and non‐conventional substrates as biogenic amines. With ABTS as a substrate, they prefer an acidic environment and show sigmoidal kinetic activity, and are rather thermostable. Moreover, this study has provided the first structural view of two lactic acid bacteria laccases, revealing new structural features not seen before in other well‐studied laccases, but which seem characteristic for this group of bacteria. We believe that understanding the role of laccases in lactic acid bacteria will have an impact on their biotechnological applications and provide a framework for the development of engineered lactic acid bacteria with enhanced properties.

Complete Genome Sequence of Lactic Acid Bacterium Pediococcus acidilactici Strain ATCC 8042, an Autolytic Anti-bacterial Peptidoglycan Hydrolase Producer

Pediococcus acidilactici is a probiotic bacterium that is industrially utilized in the food industry and antibiotics development. Here, we determine the complete nucleotide sequence of the genome of Pediococcus acidilactici ATCC 8042. The genome was sequenced by the PacBio RSII to generate a single contig consisting of circular chromosome sequence. Illumina MiniSeq sequencing platform and Sanger sequencing method were additionally utilized to correct errors resulting from the long-read sequencing platform. The sequence consists of 2,009,598 bp with a G + C content of 42.1% and contains 1,865 protein-coding sequences. Based on the sequence information, we could confirm and predict the presence of four peptidoglycan hydrolases by HyPe software. This work, therefore, provides the complete genomic information of P. acidilactici ATCC 8042 with a profitable potential of genome-scale comprehension of anti-pathogenic activity, which can be applied in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical biotechnology field.

Genome sequencing of Pediococcus acidilactici (NRCC1), a novel isolate from dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) rumen fluid

The lactic acid bacterium Pediococcus acidilactici has recently been reported to help in treating constipation, diarrhea, relieving stress, and enhancing growth rate and immune response in humans, birds, fishes, and small animals. In the present study, we sequenced and analyzed the whole genome of P. acidilactici NRCC1, a novel isolate from rumen fluid of dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius). The genome of P. acidilactici NRCC1 was assembled into 60 contigs, comprising 1,785,679 bp and 42.5% GC content. The 1705 CDS were predicted and annotated using the RAST server. The genome encodes numerous enzymes for utilization of different carbohydrates. It also harbors genes for antibiotic biosynthesis and many others which might confer probiotic properties. The comparative genome analysis with P. acidilactici DSM 20284 revealed some unique features in P. acidilactici NRCC1. Thus, the genome sequencing of P. acidilactici NRCC1 has opened up new horizons for further research in animal probiotics and feed supplements.

Oral administration of the lactic acid bacterium Pediococcus acidilactici attenuates atherosclerosis in mice by inducing tolerogenic dendritic cells.

The intestinal microbiota appears to play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. We investigated the effect of the probiotic lactic acid bacterium Pediococcus acidilactici R037 on atherosclerosis using apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE -/-) mice. Six-week-old ApoE -/- mice were orally administered R037 six times a week. Mice treated with R037 for 12 weeks exhibited markedly attenuated atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic root (2.3 ± 0.15 × 105 µm2 vs. 3.3 ± 0.29 × 105 µm2, respectively; P < 0.01; n = 15-17 each group). The expression of Ki-67 in CD4+ T cells, the population of interferon γ-producing CD4+ T cells in the spleen, and pro-inflammatory cytokine production from splenic lymphocytes were significantly decreased in R037-treated mice. Interestingly, splenic dendritic cells (DCs) isolated from R037-treated mice suppressed CD4+ T-cell proliferation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production ex vivo, suggesting that R037 treatment induced tolerogenic DCs. Programmed cell death ligand 1 expression in DCs was significantly enhanced in R037-treated mice, which might explain the immunosuppressive effect of DCs at least in part. These results indicate that R037 attenuates atherosclerosis by inducing tolerogenic DCs, which suppress Th1-driven inflammation and the proliferative activity of CD4+ T cells. Our findings may provide a novel therapeutic approach for the prevention of atherosclerosis based on dietary supplementation with probiotics.

Inoculation of lactic acid bacterium accelerates organic matter degradation during composting

In this study, the impact of microbial inoculation upon indigenous microorganisms leading to the acceleration of food waste composting was investigated. The lactic acid bacterium Pediococcus acidilactici TM14 was inoculated into compost raw material composed of rabbit food with the addition of organic acids that simulate food waste. The strain TM14 produced a high concentration of lactic acid in the early stages of composting, whereas composting without inoculation of TM14 accumulated high levels of acetic acid, up to 22 mg g−1 dry solid of compost, which is detrimental to indigenous microorganisms. The growth of TM14 enhanced the proliferation of fungi having the ability to degrade organic acids, and thus the organic acids contained in the compost material were completely decomposed. Levels of TM14 and the fungi diminished immediately after the increase in composting temperature. However, the fungi modified the environmental conditions allowing for the activity of thermophilic bacteria, which play important roles in composting. In consequence, organic matter degradation in the composting was accelerated.

In-vitro antioxidant and antibacterial properties of fermentatively and enzymatically prepared chicken liver protein hydrolysates.

Protein hydrolysates were prepared from chicken liver using fermentation and enzymatic hydrolysis. The lactic acid bacteria Pediococcus acidilactici NCIM5368 was employed in the fermentation process and a commercial protease (Alcalase® 2.5) was used in enzymatic hydrolysis. Chicken liver hydrolysates prepared by fermentation (FCLH) and enzymatic hydrolysis (ECLH) revealed appreciable amounts of protein [55.85 and 61.34%; on dry weight basis, respectively]. Fermentation and enzymatic hydrolysis resulted in 14.3 and 26.12% of degree of hydrolysis. Total antioxidant activity, reducing power, scavenging of superoxide, 2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2, 2-azino-bis-3-ethyl-benzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radicals were determined for both FCLH & ECLH. FCLH & ECLH showed total antioxidant activity of 0.99 and 1.13μg AAE mg(-1) proteins, respectively; while, they scavenged 96.14 and 92.76% of DPPH radicals respectively. FCLH showed higher ABTS radical scavenging activity (32.16%) than ECLH (19.29%). Superoxide anion scavenging activity of FCLH & ECLH were found to be 95.02 & 88.94%, respectively. Residues obtained after both treatments also exhibited antioxidant activities. FCLH reported highest antagonistic activity against Listeria monocytogenes (30mm); while, ECLH showed antibacterial activity only against Micrococcus luteus (12mm). Both hydrolysates have the potential to be a protein rich ingredient for use in formulated foods and possible help in reduction of oxidative stress.

Effect of diet supplementation with a commercial probiotic containingPediococcus acidilactici(Lindner, 1887) on the expression of five quality markers in zebrafish (Danio rerio(Hamilton, 1822)) testis

The effects of a commercial probiotic diet supplement (Bactocell®), containing lactic acid bacteria Pediococcus acidilactici were evaluated by identifying five zebrafish (Danio rerio) sperm quality markers. P. acidilactici (106 colony-forming units per gram) was supplied to young zebrafish males (age 8 months) as a feed probiotic additive during a 10 days test period. Five transcripts, previously described as male zebrafish quality markers, were studied: brain-derived neurotrophic factor (bdnf), BCL2-interacting killer (bik), double-sex and mab-3 related transcription factor 1 (dmrt1), follicle-stimulating hormone beta subunit (fshb) and leptin a (lepa). After exposition, males fed on with the supplemented diet with a commercial probiotic containing P. acidilactici presented an over-expression on three fertility markers comparing to the control group: lepa, dmrt1 and bdnf. These results suggest that P. acidilactici has a potential use as probiotic supplement in zebrafish diet for the improvement of molecular parameters in testicular cells, indicating that probiotic supplementation could affect male reproductive performance.

Biochemical, kinetic, and in silico characterization of DING protein purified from probiotic lactic acid bacteria Pediococcus acidilactici NCDC 252.

DING proteins are intriguing proteins characterized by conserved N-terminal sequence. In spite of unusually high sequence conservation even between distantly related species, DING proteins exhibit outstanding functional diversity. An extracellular caseinolytic alkaline enzyme was purified to homogeneity from a probiotic lactic acid bacteria Pediococcus acidilactici NCDC 252 using a simple procedure involving ammonium sulphate precipitation and gel filtration chromatography. This was purified 45.72-fold with a yield and specific activity of 43.5 % and 250 U/mg, respectively. The calculated molecular weight was 38.7 and 38.9 kDa by MALDI and SDS-PAGE, respectively, and pI was 7.77. The enzyme exhibited optimal activity at pH 8.0 and 40 °C. It was considerably stable up to pH 12. For casein, the enzyme had K m of 20 μM with V max of 26 U/ml. The enzyme was resistant to organic solvents but sensitive to DTNB and EDTA that confirmed it as thiol protein with involvement of metal ions in catalysis. Its tryptic peptide fragments showed 95 % similarity with eukaryotic DING, i.e., human phosphate binding protein (HPBP). Homology-based structure evaluation using HBPB as template revealed both to be structurally conserved and also possessing conserved phosphate binding motifs.

Isolation of the Alcohol-Tolerant Lactic Acid Bacteria Pediococcus acidilactici K3 and S1 and their Physiological Characterization

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a representative group of probiotics and used in many fermented foods and beverages. Several recent studies have shown that LAB are present in makgeolli which is a traditional Korean alcoholic beverage. However, most LAB are intolerant of more than 6% (v/v) alcohol concentrations. For this reason, alcohol-tolerant LAB are isolated from kimchi, makgeolli and nuruk using alcohol containing selective media. After being cultured in MRS broth containing 13% (v/v) alcohol, the two strains which showed the highest increasing O.D values, were finally selected. As results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing and biochemical characterization using an API kit, the two species were identified as Pediococcus acidilactici K3 and S1. In addition, the identified two strains produced bacteriocins against Staphylococcus aureus. When compared with the P. acidilactici type strain, the two selected strains possessed two to three time higher growth on 12-13% (v/v) alcohol containing MRS broth. The viability of P. acidilactici K3 and S1 when inoculated in makgeolli and stored at did not decrease through a period of one month indicating that the selected strains can be used for LAB containing makgeolli.

The Lactic Acid Bacterium Pediococcus acidilactici Suppresses Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Inducing IL-10-Producing Regulatory T Cells

BackgroundCertain intestinal microflora are thought to regulate the systemic immune response. Lactic acid bacteria are one of the most studied bacteria in terms of their beneficial effects on health and autoimmune diseases; one of which is Multiple sclerosis (MS) which affects the central nervous system. We investigated whether the lactic acid bacterium Pediococcus acidilactici, which comprises human commensal bacteria, has beneficial effects on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS.Methodology/Principal Findings P. acidilactici R037 was orally administered to EAE mice to investigate the effects of R037. R037 treatment suppressed clinical EAE severity as prophylaxis and therapy. The antigen-specific production of inflammatory cytokines was inhibited in R037-treated mice. A significant increase in the number of CD4+ Interleukin (IL)-10-producing cells was observed in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) and spleens isolated from R037-treated naive mice, while no increase was observed in the number of these cells in the lamina propria. Because only a slight increase in the CD4+Foxp3+ cells was observed in MLNs, R037 may primarily induce Foxp3− IL10-producing T regulatory type 1 (Tr1) cells in MLNs, which contribute to the beneficial effect of R037 on EAE.Conclusions/SignificanceAn orally administered single strain of P. acidilactici R037 ameliorates EAE by inducing IL10-producing Tr1 cells. Our findings indicate the therapeutic potential of the oral administration of R037 for treating multiple sclerosis.