Lack Of Strategic Planning Research Articles

Sustaining SMEs through Indigenous Knowledge Systems: Exploring opportunities and challenges

Background: Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a crucial role in driving economic growth and development, necessitating innovative strategies to enhance their sustainability and resilience in an ever-evolving business landscape. The evolving business landscape requires innovative strategies for SMEs’ sustainability and resilience. Recognising this imperative, the strategic incorporation of Tshivenda Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) within SMEs emerges as a compelling avenue for exploration.Aim: This study aims to provide insights into the challenges and opportunities faced by SMEs concerning the adoption of Tshivenda IKS to foster business sustainability.Setting: The study focused on Tshivenda IKS as practised by SME owners who are Tshivenda speakers, located in Musina, Limpopo, South Africa, and in Beitbridge, Matabeleland South, Zimbabwe.Methods: The study used qualitative research with a grounded theory design, interviewing 12 participants selected through theoretical sampling. Thematic coding was applied for data analysis.Results: The study identifies greater collaboration, access to markets, brand differentiation and competitive advantage as opportunities, whereas cultural differences, a lack of strategic planning, and shortages in sustainable supply chains were identified as key challenges to SMEs incorporating Tshivenda IKS in their business operations.Conclusion: The study sheds light on the challenges, opportunities and managerial implications associated with integrating Tshivenda IKS into SMEs for sustainability purposes. Leveraging Tshivenda IKS offers substantial opportunities for sustainable business practices and economic development in SMEs, despite the limitations.Contribution: The study enriches understanding of the opportunities and challenges experienced by SMEs when using Tshivenda IKS in fostering business sustainability.

Digitalization Adoption Barriers in the Context of Sustainability and Operational Excellence: Implications for SMEs

In the global landscape, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are increasingly enhancing their adaptability to capitalize on evolving market prospects. Industry 4.0 technologies, with their primary focus on improving operational excellence, hold immense potential for contributing to the sustainability of SMEs. These technologies optimize resources, repurpose materials, enable remote working, and minimize waste, thereby fostering a resilient business environment. In the current study, the authors have utilized the Technology, Organization, and Environment (TOE) framework to conduct a comprehensive literature review and identified the key barriers. Research questions and hypothesis were formulated. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted, involving 205 discrete manufacturing SMEs. The authors evaluated the proposed hypotheses using the Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) technique to gain insights into their causal relationships. Identified barriers are categorized as adoption barriers, lack of in-house technology skills, readiness barriers, and adverse operational realities. The authors observed that lack of strategic planning, inadequate focus on processes and performance monitoring results in barriers that hinder the digitalization of SMEs. Further results anticipate that operational realities have a direct relationship with readiness barriers of SMEs. This implies that challenges such as workforce turnover, pricing pressures, last-minute design changes, overdue payments, and outdated infrastructure can lead to operational difficulties, resulting in suboptimal strategies, business plans, and ineffective processes. The findings of the current study also imply that implementing shopfloor industrial Internet of things (IIoT) to track performance and interventions through digital definitions of products and manufacturing can further strengthen processes. By incorporating the findings from this study, SME stakeholders can develop strategies to achieve operational excellence while fulfilling their sustainability goals.

Agile Stage-Gate Approach for Design, Integration, and Testing of a 1U CubeSat

Life cycle stages are very important for the aerospace industry. Many models have emerged for handling the processes within and across the development of new products. Developing CubeSat-based missions has shortened the required time and has reduced expenses. However, the lack of strategic planning in the design, integration, and testing of product development models has been highlighted as one of the key issues contributing to failures. The objective of this study is to propose a new hybrid model for the physical development of a product using an Agile Stage-Gate methodology focused on a 1U CubeSat (AztechSat-1). This study aims to explain the full process throughout the project timeline from conceptualization to execution. The benefits of such a model include ensuring adaptive responses to not only improve technical integration but also allow the successful validation and verification of a nanosatellite. Our theoretical approach articulates an in-depth understanding of Agile Stage-Gate methodology through experience obtained from experts and team members. Our analysis supports the expected benefits of the iterative process at every stage. Through this approach, product development could benefit from reduced times and better innovations. Nevertheless, there are also drawbacks to this method. The requirements of greater human effort, more frequent demonstrations, and a constant review process have negative impacts. Additionally, particular modifications must be made for each area of research. For educational purposes, the initial results seem to be encouraging.

EXAMINING THE FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT OF DONOR FUNDS: CASE OF MINISTRY OF HEALTH IN ZAMBIA

<p>This study examines the financial risk management of donor funds using the Ministry of Health (MOH) in Zambia as a case study. The study employs an exploratory case study methodology on a sample of 224 MOH employees. Zambia, being a developing country, significantly relies on donor funds to support its healthcare sector. Prudent management of donor funds is crucial for the sustained delivery of quality healthcare services. However, there has been concerns regarding the financial risk management practices at the MOH in the efficient utilization and accountability of donor funds. From the literature review, it seems no study has been done regarding the financial risk management of donor funds focusing on the MOH in Zambia. Therefore, this study fills this gap. The study findings seem to show evidence of the misappropriation of donor funds exhibited by misallocation of donor funds to unplanned projects or activities. The misappropriations of donor funds seem to be amplified by a lack of strategic planning, lack of coordination, and the absence of effective monitoring and evaluation systems. Additionally, fraud and corruption posed significant risks to donor funds at MOH. Therefore, to mitigate the risks, the study recommends that robust anti-misappropriation measures, enforcement of due diligence on implementing partners, a thorough review of procurement processes, and regular monitoring and evaluation of donor-funded projects be strengthened at the MOH in Zambia. Whistleblower protection and reporting mechanisms should be promoted to help detect and deter fraudulent activities at this Ministry.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>JEL:</strong> H51, I18, O23</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0787/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA E SISTEMÁTICA SOBRE PARCERIAS PÚBLICO-PRIVADAS NA ADMINISTRAÇÃO PÚBLICA

Public Administration is the set of activities undertaken by the State with the objective of promoting the common good, through the use of authority powers and the implementation of public policies, programs and services. Public Administration management in Brazil faces a series of challenges that compromise the efficiency and effectiveness in the use of public resources, including problems such as excessive bureaucracy, the lack of strategic planning, corrupt practices and the phenomenon of clientelism. Therefore, the present study, undertaken an Integrative Systematic Review (RSI), had the purpose of examining articles related to public-private partnerships in public administration, which were published in the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO) database in the period time between 2012 and 2022. The main findings were that the most published articles are mostly related to health and education, which together represent a total of 15 articles. The presence of literature reviews on the topic was observed; public-private partnerships in the Brazilian public sectors and the main themes found in relation to this topic include: studies presented a single health system, government regulation, education policies, urban mobility, educational governance, health service reforms/health policy.

The Current Status and Promotional Strategies for Cloud Migration of Hospital Information Systems in China: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats Analysis.

In the 21st century, Chinese hospitals have witnessed innovative medical business models, such as online diagnosis and treatment, cross-regional multidepartment consultation, and real-time sharing of medical test results, that surpass traditional hospital information systems (HISs). The introduction of cloud computing provides an excellent opportunity for hospitals to address these challenges. However, there is currently no comprehensive research assessing the cloud migration of HISs in China. This lack may hinder the widespread adoption and secure implementation of cloud computing in hospitals. The objective of this study is to comprehensively assess external and internal factors influencing the cloud migration of HISs in China and propose promotional strategies. Academic articles from January 1, 2007, to February 21, 2023, on the topic were searched in PubMed and HuiyiMd databases, and relevant documents such as national policy documents, white papers, and survey reports were collected from authoritative sources for analysis. A systematic assessment of factors influencing cloud migration of HISs in China was conducted by combining a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis and literature review methods. Then, various promotional strategies based on different combinations of external and internal factors were proposed. After conducting a thorough search and review, this study included 94 academic articles and 37 relevant documents. The analysis of these documents reveals the increasing application of and research on cloud computing in Chinese hospitals, and that it has expanded to 22 disciplinary domains. However, more than half (n=49, 52%) of the documents primarily focused on task-specific cloud-based systems in hospitals, while only 22% (n=21 articles) discussed integrated cloud platforms shared across the entire hospital, medical alliance, or region. The SWOT analysis showed that cloud computing adoption in Chinese hospitals benefits from policy support, capital investment, and social demand for new technology. However, it also faces threats like loss of digital sovereignty, supplier competition, cyber risks, and insufficient supervision. Factors driving cloud migration for HISs include medical big data analytics and use, interdisciplinary collaboration, health-centered medical service provision, and successful cases. Barriers include system complexity, security threats, lack of strategic planning and resource allocation, relevant personnel shortages, and inadequate investment. This study proposes 4 promotional strategies: encouraging more hospitals to migrate, enhancing hospitals' capabilities for migration, establishing a provincial-level unified medical hybrid multi-cloud platform, strengthening legal frameworks, and providing robust technical support. Cloud computing is an innovative technology that has gained significant attention from both the Chinese government and the global community. In order to effectively support the rapid growth of a novel, health-centered medical industry, it is imperative for Chinese health authorities and hospitals to seize this opportunity by implementing comprehensive strategies aimed at encouraging hospitals to migrate their HISs to the cloud.

Identifying and Analysing Iran Medical Tourism Development Barriers Using Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping

The medical tourism industry has been observing significant developments in Iran. This country has been attracting tourists from countries in the Middle East and different regions of the world for a long time. However, nowadays, the Iran medical tourism industry faces serious barriers and challenges which deteriorate its participation in the global medical tourism market. The present article aims to investigate the barriers to the development of medical tourism in this country. In this regard, by reviewing the related literature and a weighted content validity ratio (CVR) analysis, 17 critical barriers were identified and finalised. Then, their casual relations were determined using a fuzzy cognitive mapping (FCM) methodology. The data gathered by a panel consisted of 10 experts in the field of medical tourism. The results show that five barriers, including managers’ lack of knowledge, lack of strategic planning, lack of cooperation and coordination, weak government support and lack of enabling tourism sector, are considered the most important. The findings of this research provide opportunities for practitioners and policymakers to concentrate on Iran’s medical tourism in order to overcome the barriers and consequently enhance the development of this lucrative industry.

Technical/Algorithm, Stakeholder, and Society (TASS) barriers to the application of artificial intelligence in medicine: A systematic review

IntroductionThe use of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly machine learning and predictive analytics, has shown great promise in health care. Despite its strong potential, there has been limited use in health care settings. In this systematic review, we aim to determine the main barriers to successful implementation of AI in healthcare and discuss potential ways to overcome these challenges. MethodsWe conducted a literature search in PubMed (1/1/2001–1/1/2023). The search was restricted to publications in the English language, and human study subjects. We excluded articles that did not discuss AI, machine learning, predictive analytics, and barriers to the use of these techniques in health care. Using grounded theory methodology, we abstracted concepts to identify major barriers to AI use in medicine. ResultsWe identified a total of 2,382 articles. After reviewing the 306 included papers, we developed 19 major themes, which we categorized into three levels: the Technical/Algorithm, Stakeholder, and Social levels (TASS). These themes included: Lack of Explainability, Need for Validation Protocols, Need for Standards for Interoperability, Need for Reporting Guidelines, Need for Standardization of Performance Metrics, Lack of Plan for Updating Algorithm, Job Loss, Skills Loss, Workflow Challenges, Loss of Patient Autonomy and Consent, Disturbing the Patient-Clinician Relationship, Lack of Trust in AI, Logistical Challenges, Lack of strategic plan, Lack of Cost-effectiveness Analysis and Proof of Efficacy, Privacy, Liability, Bias and Social Justice, and Education. ConclusionWe identified 19 major barriers to the use of AI in healthcare and categorized them into three levels: the Technical/Algorithm, Stakeholder, and Social levels (TASS). Future studies should expand on barriers in pediatric care and focus on developing clearly defined protocols to overcome these barriers.

Blockchain adoption challenges in the healthcare sector: a waste management perspective

AbstractThe proposed study aims to identify the major challenges for blockchain adoption to manage reverse logistics activities of recyclable hospital waste in the Indian healthcare sector, in the COVID era. Fifteen challenges are identified through literature review and experts’ views and are prioritized and analyzed for cause-and-effect relationships using a hybrid approach combining Best–Worst Method (BWM) and Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL). A sensitivity analysis is performed to evaluate the results’ robustness. The results reveal that the Technological and Regulatory challenges category plays the most influential role consisting of Lack of Government Support and Policies, Lack of Strategic Planning, Lack of Knowledge and Qualified Expertise, Lack of Standards and Regulations, High Cost Involved, and Lack of Top Management Support are the most significant challenges affecting blockchain adoption. This study can support healthcare stakeholders, policymakers, government, and researchers in planning the strategic removal of the challenges to blockchain adoption in the Indian healthcare sector. The identification of the mutual interaction among the challenges will help healthcare decision makers address strategic questions of waste management from a holistic point of view. Since the work is achieved in the Indian healthcare context, generalization of the results must be carefully considered. The present study contributes significantly to discussing blockchain’s potential in healthcare waste management. The study’s findings can aid decision making process of managers, policymakers, and benefit researchers in this field.

Transition and Implementation of Circular Economy in Municipal Solid Waste Management System in Nigeria: A Systematic Review of the Literature

As the environment reaches field capacity and is unable to regenerate waste naturally, challenges resulting from municipal solid waste management (MSWM) are showing a global increase, especially in developing countries. Nigeria is a country with a huge quantity of municipal solid waste (MSW) without a functional and operational MSWM system. This systematic review of the literature (SLR) aimed at investigating knowledge application in view of the circular economy (CE) model in the management of MSW in Nigeria, while answering research questions on the adoption and implementation of the circularity principle. In line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol, a comprehensive search strategy was developed to source electronic versions of updated articles from the Scopus, Web of Science, and Sage databases. The search retrieved 476, 878, and 374 results, respectively. The search was limited to publications written in the English language between 2008 and 2022 and was downloaded via Endnote and screened using Rayyan.ai. The SLR was conducted between February and October 2022. Findings revealed some potential opportunities for the transition and implementation of CE by identifying major indicators and enablers, but pointed out some barriers, including weak legislation, poor funding, the non-engagement of professionals, the absence of infrastructure, a lack of strategic planning, uncivilized behavioral conduct, and demography. The need to improve the current practice of MSWM from the linear economy (LE) of take–make–dispose is crucial. Summarily, the transition towards CE in MSWM is feasible and it can be initiated through the application of the 3Rs and 12Rs while anticipating the provision of infrastructural and novel technologies for a functional MSWM framework.

Research on Digital Transformation of Human Resources in Enterprise Management

Affected by COVID-19 and political factors, enterprises around the world are facing many problems, such as an unstable market environment, stagnant productivity growth, and overcapacity. At the same time, the development and innovation of digital technology indicate the inevitability of digital transformation and point out a new direction for the development of enterprises. This paper studies the digital transformation of human resources in enterprise management. It is found that digitalization still has a lot of room for progress in human resources. During the implementation, the digitalization of human resources still faces many difficulties, such as the lack of strategic planning, the lack of systematic training of digital skills, the failure to cultivate relevant talents, and the failure to combine performance with digitalization. As a result, the scope of transformation is narrow, the efficiency of transformation is low, and the goal of transformation cannot be achieved. This requires the digitization and modernization of the basic elements of human resources, the digitization of talent ability, and the data visualization of the performance management system. Only in this way can digital technology be used to continuously empower the enterprise's human resource management, which is conducive to the enterprise's sustainable competitiveness and thus improve the enterprise's economic benefits.

“The importance of integrating Smart Farming Technologies into Rural Policies (Aiming at sustainable rural development)- Stakeholders’ views”

Sustainable Rural Development involves eco-friendly management of Agricultural Systems while the research on Smart Farming Technologies (SFT) evolves towards that direction. A technology breakout such as Smart Farming, is lacking of feedback and network interactions, so Networking is crucial for knowledge accumulation and systems’ integration, thus, it embeds interaction between different elements, enhances feedback loops between them, integrates Research & Development and improves marketing practices. Rural development requires the insights of several established disciplines and needs to be connected to politics in order to achieve successful results, so this approach was applied. Moreover, if the goal is Sustainability, the interdisciplinarity of the involved scientists should assist policy decisions and be of use for Rural Strategic Planning. The equipment suppliers' participation in the planning of rural strategies should be explored due to the fact that the communication between them and policy makers does not always occur and their interests could conflict. Therefore, an empirical study was conducted among three groups of stakeholders- researchers, politicians and professionals in Greece; in order to explore the importance of implementing Smart Farming Technologies aiming at Sustainable Rural Development. Thematic and Content Analysis were applied. Then a Quantitative Analysis was performed in order to evaluate the stakeholders’ disagreement or consistency on their preferences in research orientation of SFTs’. The results not only indicated the challenges rural areas face in relation to the adoption of SFT, such as lack of strategic planning and necessary infrastructures, but also revealed the main reasons for underdevelopment and environmental degradation in Greece. Finally, the gap in communication and feedback between the stakeholders was confirmed. The results can be used by policy makers to customize their interventions based on the stakeholders’ priorities.

Unveiling the relation between the challenges and benefits of operational excellence and industry 4.0: a hybrid fuzzy decision-making approach

PurposeOperational excellence (OpEx) is a direction toward learning and developing an excellent culture in all aspects of an organization. To reach this culture, revolutionizing activities using industry 4.0 (i4.0) technologies might be a significant empowering tool. This study aims to identify the challenges and benefits of both concepts and investigate their interrelationship to be considered in applying industry 4.0 technologies toward operational excellence.Design/methodology/approachThe challenges and benefits of OpEx and i4.0 are identified and finalized by reviewing the literature. The causal relations between the considered factors are extracted using the fuzzy DEMATEL (Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) method. Then, the analytical network process (ANP) is applied to determine the importance and weight of the factors (challenges and benefits of OpEx and i4.0) according to the constructed network.FindingsThe findings illustrated a strong network structure between the factors. First, the causal factors included OpEx and i4.0 challenges, while the OpEx challenges also affected the i4.0 challenges. Both group challenges had a significant effect on OpEx and i4.0 benefits. This means that challenges are the causal factors to be considered in the alignment of i4.0 toward OpEx. Among the OpEx challenges, lack of strategic planning and proper infrastructure were the main influential factors. In contrast, lack of government support and undeveloped business models were identified as the main challenges of i4.0.Originality/valueOpEx and i4.0 concepts are reviewed and their pros and cons are studied. Previous studies determined an interaction among these concepts. However, from a practical viewpoint, the relation between the challenges and benefits of i4.0 and OpEx was studied for the first time for their alignment.

Factors Influencing the Efficiency of Public Hospitals in Saudi Arabia: A Qualitative Study Exploring Stakeholders' Perspectives and Suggestions for Improvement.

ObjectiveDespite an extensive literature on efficiency, qualitative evidence on the drivers of hospital efficiency is scant. This study examined the factors that influence the efficiencies of health service provision in public hospitals in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and their potential remedies.DesignWe employed a qualitative design involving semi-structured interviews conducted between July and September 2019. Participants were purposively selected and included policymakers and hospital managers drawn from districts, regional and national levels. Data were analyzed in Nvivo 12 based on a thematic approach.SettingKey informants of Ministry of health in the KSA.ResultsRespondents identified a range of different factors across the community, facility and the wider health system that influence inefficiencies in public hospitals in KSA. Ineffective hospital management, lack of strategic planning and goals, weak administrative leadership, and absence of monitoring hospital performance was noted to have a profound impact on hospital efficiency. The conditions of healthcare staff in respect to both skills, authority and psychological factors were considered to influence the efficiency level. Further, lack of appropriate data for decision making due to the absence of an appropriate health informatics system was regarded as a factor of inefficiency. At the community level, respondents described inadequate information on the healthcare needs and expectations of patients and the wider community as significant barriers to the provision of efficient services. To improve hospital efficiencies, respondents recommended that service delivery decisions are informed by data on community health needs; capacity strengthening and effective supervision of hospital staff; and judicious resource allocation.ConclusionThe study demonstrates that inefficiencies in health services remain a critical challenge in public hospitals in KSA. Extensive awareness-raising and training on efficient resource utilization among key health systems stakeholders are imperative to improving hospital performance. More research is needed to strengthen knowledge on hospital efficiency in light of the limited data on the topic in KSA and the wider Gulf region.

Nursing policy and practice in Mongolia: Issues and the way forward.

Global inequality exists in the availability of a nursing workforce, supported evidentially by the ratio, in low-income countries, of only 9.1 nurses per 10 000 people versus 107.7 nurses per 10 000 people in high-income countries. Mongolia is no exception with 42.14 nurses per 10 000 people and a nursing shortage severe enough to endanger patient safety and well-being. This paper details both a policy analysis and contextually well-designed recommendations to strengthen Mongolia's nursing science and practice systems. Obstacles that significantly affect the successful development of nursing and midwifery professions in Mongolia include (1) a lack of strategic planning and regulation; (2) low status of nurses and midwives; (3) absence of professional representation for nurses and midwives; and (4) a dearth of strategic programs for postgraduate training of nurses and midwives. The suggested recommendations include the appointment of a chief nursing office within the government and a cohort of nurse leaders to work to establish a nursing and midwifery board as an independent, professional regulatory body in Mongolia to develop and implement standards to ensure best practice, higher standards of nurse education, and regulate the profession.

The Status and Swot Analysis of Roe Deer Population Management in the Hunting Grounds of Central Serbia

Summary The purpose of this study is to examine the status of roe deer population in the hunting grounds of Central Serbia, and perform a SWOT analysis of its management. The data used herein on the number of roe deer individuals and culling events were obtained from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management - Forest Administration and the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. Moreover, the Law on Game and Hunting was used for analysis purposes. The status of roe deer population in the hunting grounds of Serbia is quite unsatisfactory, depending on the geographical area and wildlife management practices. In 2021, a total of 86,755 individuals were recorded in the area of Central Serbia, which accounts for 97.54% of the optimal population. However, the number of roe deer in the individual hunting grounds of the Central and Eastern hunting areas was above the optimal density, whereas the number of roe deer accounted for 88.58% and 89.12% of the optimal density in the individual hunting grounds of the Southern and Western hunting areas, respectively. The largest number of individuals per unit area (km2) was recorded in the Eastern (2.06) and Belgrade (2.02) hunting areas, whereas the smallest number of individuals per unit area (km2) was recorded in the Southern (1.02) and Western (1.34) hunting areas. The following issues were identified as major impediments to the management of roe deer population in the hunting grounds considered: legislative and regulatory instruments, non-compliance and non-enforcement of a large number of regulations, roe deer monitoring issues, poor hunting ground control, inapplicability of certain regulations in the field of veterinary medicine, environmental protection, unresolved issues of trophy and game meat export, lack of strategic planning (namely the hunting development strategies of the Republic of Serbia), lack of deer habitat monitoring methodology and rating methodology, and unprofessional planning and development of hunting ground management plans. The SWOT analysis performed emphasized the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of roe deer population management in Serbia.

Establishing partnerships for rural development

Over the last three decades partnership development among various groups has been increasingly encouraged as means to stimulate development in rural areas. Nevertheless, despite the support given to partnerships between organizations, critics question their effectiveness and the economic endeavours to stimulate local development are contested. Consequently, our study seeks to investigate what are the economic and organizational conditions that influence consideration when joining a local partnership but also the main constraints and individual motivation to develop cooperative behaviour. The analysis shows that while there is openness in creating or developing joint ventures, the availability of financial resources, lack of strategic planning, lack of communication and trust are factors that can have significant influence on the effectiveness of the partnership and consequently on its contribution to the local development.

한국 환경정의 증진을 위한 관련 법·제도 및 정책의 환경정의성 평가 및 개선방향

This study aimed to evaluate environmental laws, institutions, and policies to promote environmental justice and suggest improvements based on the results. We defined the concept of environmental justice in Korea, evaluated the law, system, and policies according to the evaluation framework that they are based on, and suggested a direction of improvement. The main results of our evaluation are summarized as follows: 1) various policies, laws, and institutions that cause environmental problems in Korea do not consider the social weak or consider enough; 2) there was a lack of strategic plans to release the negative distribution effects of the selection and operation of environmental policies; 3) the sustainability of environmental policies and businesses, which includes the concept of environmental justice, has not been assessed and diagnosed. Based on our evaluation, directions for improving environmental justice were suggested.

Using SWOT Analysis to Design Organizational Structure in Small Enterprise

One of the biggest challenges of MSMEs is how to manage its resources to increase their business. Ani's Craft, already survives for 6 years now faces challenges to growth because lack of strategic planning, ineffective of HR management and unstructured organizational design. This study aims to design an organizational structure based on strategy that will help the small enterprise to growth. The study began with identifying the internal and external factors that influence its business. Result shows the strategy that fits the conditions was the WO strategy. New organizational structure was proposed that emphasize the importance of company's needs by adding marketing and finance divisions.

Significant Factors Affecting Quality and Quality Maximizing Methods of Construction Projects In Outskirt Areas of Afghanistan

A project completed according to specific design and including its certain time and plan that called to be ending well project but in general, projects totalize less or outside the pre-planned budget and time because several various factors in the circle of the world all country developing country and developed country via various percentage variance through its predestinated period, On the other hand, that research carried out to study scads significant factors affecting quality and quality improving ways of construction projects in environ region of Afghanistan, on the other word, a questionnaire was expanded according to recognized factors that are obtained according to literature to obtain idea from professionals of construction. The building professionals who have given their responses are consultants/engineers, owners/clients, managers & contractors. The analyses used here are the ranks and Relative Importance Index that has done through the use of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). However, the questionnaire operated and obtained and at the end of this survey analysis top ten effectible factors which affecting quality of construction projects and five main quality improvement methods were identified which will improve the quality. The top ten affecting quality factors are: Corruption during implementation of projects, Security challenge during the implementation of projects, Negligible testing and inspection, Little technical knowledge of Contractors, Material delivered to site with poor quality, Inadequate site supervision, Lack of quality assurance, Shortage of Skilled Manpower, Poor planning and scheduling, Lack of strategic planning. Five qualities, maximizing methods are High experience technical team appointment, Site management and supervision, properly structured, Experienced and skilled Contractor’s staff, Staff of supervision must be skilled and experienced, High experience labor using.