Lack Of Safety Measures Research Articles

“The goal is to make you weaker”: Mental well-being and risks among European cross-border investigative journalists

The increased scale of cross-border journalistic investigations brings about severe challenges: online harassment, physical violence, legal threats, but also emotional challenges and mental stress that can lead to burnout. The latter has never been the focus of studies on cross-border investigative journalistic collaborations. This paper seeks to fill in this gap and contribute to the understanding of how the cross-border aspects of investigative journalists’ work shape their mental well-being. Based on eighteen semi-structured interviews conducted with investigative journalists across Europe in the first half of 2023, this study addresses the following research questions: What are the specific challenges, threats, and risks encountered by investigative journalists working on cross-border collaborations? How do these challenges and risks affect investigative journalists’ mental well-being? What coping mechanisms do investigative journalists employ? Our findings show that cross-border investigative journalists experience a systemic neglect of mental well-being in the profession. Moreover, journalists face country-specific challenges, stemming from varying legal constraints and disparities in institutional support and protection across countries. The lack of safety measures that protect journalists beyond physical safety, multitasking, and the lack of concern for cross-border investigative journalists’ mental well-being can prove particularly challenging for freelancers. At the same time, the cross-border collaborations are depicted as a source of mutual assistance, protection, and a sense of community among international journalists.

Childhood burn injury in the ger districts of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia: an analysis of parent narratives

Childhood burns pose a significant public health concern, particularly in low- and middle-income nations, where the burden is pronounced. Mongolia stands out for its elevated rates of burn-related child mortality, especially among 1 to 5-year-olds. Despite this, there is a lack of research on the current status of childhood burns in Ulaanbaatar. This study utilized Cognitive Edge’s Sensemaker® to collect micronarratives from parents in the ger districts of Ulaanbaatar, aiming to understand the present context of childhood burn injuries. Thematic analysis revealed four key themes, including features in home and outdoor environments, lack of safety measures, and limitations in supervision. The findings emphasize the need for a comprehensive approach to burn injury prevention tailored to the Mongolian context. Implementing suitable safety measures in ger districts based on these results could be instrumental. Additionally, extending this approach to other low- and middle-income countries warrants further investigation for effective preventive measures.

Effect of Banditry on School Attendance Among Students in Sakaba Local Government Area, Kebbi State, Nigeria

This research work studied the Effect of Banditry on School Attendance among Students in Sakaba Local Government Area of Kebbi State, Nigeria. This study used a mixed method. This is a case study and the population of the study comprised 5434 students, 60 teachers and 2717 parents. The sampling techniques used were purposive sampling for the selection of schools, systematic sampling for the selection of parents and convenient sampling for the selection of teachers. Two instruments for data collection were used; Focus Group Discussions (FGD) and a Questionnaire. The validity of the instruments was determined by experts in the field of measurement and evaluation while a reliability index of 0.76 for the Questionnaire was arrived at after conducting a test re test. The reliability of the Qualitative instrument was determined through administration on a wide range of participants outside the study area. Analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 and percentages. The findings were presented in the form of tables, figures and analytical descriptions using themes and sub-themes. The study revealed the problems faced and the effects of Banditry on Secondary School attendance such as: the feeling of fear and anxiety, trauma and psychological impact, disruption of daily school routines and extra-curricular activities, lack of safety measures, displacement and destruction of infrastructure and economic impact among others. The study recommended that to ensure safety, security and safe learning environment, parents and guardians should be engaged in discussion on safety measures.

놀이혁신 선도사업은 아동권리를 존중하고 있는가?

Objectives: This study aims to analyze ‘the Play Innovation Leading Project’ based on the perspective of children’s rights. In addition, the study draws implications for the policy direction for expanding ‘the Play Innovation Leading Project’ and promoting the right to play. Methods: This study developed an analysis framework from the perspective of children’s rights based on the General Principles, Related Articles and General Comment of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. Using the analysis framework, the contents of the first year of the ‘Play Innovation Leading Project’ selected in 2020 were analyzed.
 Results: The main results are as follows. First, equal opportunities to play were provided to all elementary school students regardless of the income level. However, infant and preschooler with a high desire to play were excluded from service targets, and conditions for guaranteeing for children with special needs such as disabilities for migration backgrounds were not established. Second, there was no legal basis for the continuation and expansion of the project, and the budget system using the community service investment project platform did not conform the nature of ‘child-centered’ play. Third, there were problems such as difficulty in securing the play space, placement and operation of play facilities that did not consider the age and characteristics of children, and the lack of safety measures. Fourth, although some leading regions induced children’s participation in their play planning and play process, there were differences in listening to children’s opinions and guaranteeing opportunities to participate according to the capabilities of service providers.
 Conclusions: Based on the analysis results, this study suggests policy measures to expand ‘the Play Innovation Leading Region Project’ and to promote the right to play.

The Barriers and Facilitators to Decentralised Nurse-Led Mental Health Service Delivery in Sierra Leone

In 2009, 98.0% of people with mental illness in Sierra Leone were not receiving treatment, partly due to the absence of public psychiatric facilities outside the capital. In response to this situation, the Ministry of Health and Sanitation rolled out nurse-led mental health units (MHUs) to every district. This study evaluates the barriers and facilitators to mental health service delivery in decentralised MHUs in Sierra Leone using key informant interviews and focus group discussions with 13 purposefully sampled clinical staff and senior management personnel. The interviews were audio-recorded, translated from Krio if necessary, transcribed, and analysed using manifest content analysis. The findings suggest that factors affecting nurse-led mental health service delivery include small workforce and high workload, culture and beliefs, risks, lack of safety measures and required resources, outdated policies, poor salaries, lack of funds for medication, distance, power, influence, and stigma. Factors that could facilitate nurse-led mental health services include: increasing motivation, increasing the workforce, knowledge sharing, mentorship, availability of medication, passion and modern psychiatry. The findings contribute towards understanding the challenges and opportunities faced by the recently established nurse-led decentralised mental health services across Sierra Leone, in order to address the large mental health treatment gap. We hope the findings will inform further policy and planning to improve the quality of decentralised mental healthcare.

User Awareness on Fire Escape in Hospital Building in Perak

A healthcare building is a place for the patient’s treatment. Hospital resilience is defined as the medical facility's capacity to withstand a disaster, maintain and expand their medical capacity, and respond to a sudden increase in patient demand. There has been a global outcry from fire outbreaks with hospital building being affected. From 2010 – 2019, 14 cases of deathliest fire happened in the hospital building around the globe. All of these fatalities occurred as a result of the failure of fire escape routes, locked exits, lack of staff evacuation training, lack of awareness, and lack of safety measures, particularly on the fire escape itself. The leading causes of fire outbreak are human factors such as carelessness, negligence and lack of fire safety awareness. Therefore, this research intended to evaluate the level of user’s awareness towards fire escape in hospital. Questionnaire survey were distributed to 90 respondents who is user of the hospital. The results were analysed using SPSS descriptive analysis and presented in the table form. Based on the analysis, 90% of the respondents are aware and strongly aware. The three top ranking of user’s awareness are using a staircase is much safer instead of using lifts, people will be warned if a fire is discovered, there is a person responsible in case of fire and the existence of fire escape in the hospital. It is recommended that the hospital management share and provide information for the users regarding the nearest fire escape available to the user. As this paper only considers the level of awareness on fire escape in hospital, further study is needed to identify in detail the design criteria of fire escape in hospital building.

Online Pharmacy Accessibility of Imatinib, An Oral Chemotherapy Medication.

Since prices of imatinib (Gleevec) remain high, patients on oral chemotherapy are looking for alternative methods to access this life-saving medication. We assessed the accessibility of imatinib through online pharmacies and analyzed each website for medication safety, price, and marketing tactics. We searched the term "buy imatinib online" using 4 commonly used internet search engines (Google, Bing, Yahoo!, and DuckDuckGo) and screened web pages displayed in the first 10 pages. Websites were included if they were published in English, sold imatinib, were free to access, and offered shipping in the United States. Websites were classified using LegitScript's categorization as "certified," "unclassified," "unapproved," or "rogue." We analyzed information on websites' patient safety characteristics, marketing techniques, pricing, domain registration information, and IP addresses. Of the 44 online pharmacies identified, only 3 (7%) were certified, and the remainder were classified as rogue (52%; n=23), unapproved (30%; n=13), or unclassified (11%; n=5). Thirteen online pharmacies (30%; 9 rogue, 4 unclassified) sold imatinib without a prescription. Nearly one-quarter (n=10) of online pharmacies selling imatinib did not include drug-related warnings on their websites, and nearly half (n=21) did not limit the purchasable quantity. More than three-quarters (n=34) of online pharmacies selling imatinib did not offer pharmacist consultations, even though nearly all websites extended offers to speak with sales associates (91%; n=40). Most online pharmacies selling imatinib claimed price discounts (95%; n=42), but fewer provided bulk discounts (23%; n=10) or coupons (34%; n=15). One-third of rogue pharmacies selling imatinib (n=7) claimed to be registered or accredited on their websites. The lack of safety measures taken by illegitimate online pharmacies endangers patient safety because they allow patients to purchase imatinib without appropriate evaluation for response, drug interactions, and adverse effects. Healthcare providers need to be aware of this practice and should assure patient access to imatinib through safe and legitimate pharmacies.

Analysis of injury patterns and contributory factors among three-wheeler occupants admitted to Teaching Hospital Karapitiya following road traffic accidents

<strong><em>Introduction:</em></strong><em> </em>Increasing morbidity and mortality following road traffic accidents (RTA) is a major health and economic burden in developing countries. Among the increased number of registered vehicles in Sri Lanka 15% are three-wheelers and they are responsible for 11% of the road fatalities in the year 2021 with high impact incidence. The objectives in this study were to determine different patterns, nature, and mechanisms of the injuries, contributory factors, safety measures, and crash characteristics among the occupants of three-wheelers who are admitted following road traffic accidents to a tertiary care hospital in Southern Sri Lanka. <strong><em>Methodology:</em></strong> Data on socio-demographic profile, mechanisms of causation of injuries, affected region and severity of injuries, and contributory factors for the collision were retrieved from Medico-Legal Examination Forms of the patients admitted following three-wheeler accidents to the teaching hospital Karapitiya from 2019 to 2021. The data were analyzed using the SPSS IBM Version 22. <strong><em>Results:</em></strong> Rear-seat passengers (64%) were mostly injured than drivers. A bi-fold pattern of prevalence was observed at the time of incidents. The commonest incident was impacts with moving vehicles (41%) and most injuries were sustained by impacts of objects inside the vehicle (48%). The commonest injury seen was abrasion (69%) and the majority were seen over upper limbs (51%). There was no significant difference in the injury pattern between drivers and rear passengers. (11%) of the three-wheel drivers in this study did not possess a driving license and (24%) of them were drunk at the time of the accidents. <strong><em>Conclusion:</em></strong> High vehicular instability, lack of safety measures, reckless driving, and unnecessary vehicular modifications increase the number of three-wheel accidents. Replacing more crash-worthy four-wheel light vehicles and enforcement of legal limits are recommended.

Study of Socio- Demographic Profile of Deaths due to Burns in Autopsies Conducted at Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal

In India, incidence of burn injuries is quite high due to widespread illiteracy, old customs like dowry and useof kerosene for lighting and cooking; poverty, overcrowding and unemployment, other social &amp; emotionalfactors, lack of safety measures at industrial setup &amp; lack of adequate healthcare services. Although, mortalityin cases of burns has been reduced considerably by modern advance healthcare services, yet death due toburns is not an uncommon event.The study was carried out with the aim to study the various demographic parameters related to deaths due toburns such as age, sex, occupation, socio-economic status, marital status, locality and source of fire.It was a 1.6 years prospective study of cases of burns autopsied at the mortuary of Gandhi medical college,Bhopal. The relevant information was obtained from inquest papers, history provided by relatives of thedeceased and postmortem examination.On data analysis, it was found that incidence of burns was found to be higher higher in females (55.0%) ascompared to males (45.0%). young adults between the age group of 21-30 years have been the major victimsof burns (41.00%). In both sexes, majority of the burn cases were married (74%). Most of the burn casesbelonged to middle class, were housewives (51 %). and from rural areas (75 %). Hence, steps need be takenby Govt., NGOs and medical professionals to reduce the mortality due to burns

The spread of macroscopic droplets from a simulated cough with and without the use of masks or barriers.

One of the main challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic is the lack of safety measures and guidelines to reduce the risk of viral spread among people during gatherings. This study was conducted to evaluate the distance of oral and nasal droplet spread in a model that simulates coughing and sneezing in a public setting, specifically a school setting, to guide faculty and staff members with safety measures and guidelines to reduce droplet spread. Several models were prepared to observe and visualize the spread of fluid simulating respiratory droplets in places such as the classroom and the cafeteria, in which a student would be more susceptible to contract a virus since individuals cannot wear masks while eating. For all trials, a 2.54 centimeter balloon with 0.3 milliliters of diluted fluorescent paint was placed inside a mannequin head and was exploded outwards from the mannequin's mouth at 5 pounds per square inch (psi). Using a black light, the expelled fluorescent macroscopic droplets were visualized. When applying safety precautions and guidelines such as mandating face masks, the results of the experiments conducted in this study with a surgical mask, were extremely positive. However, without other safety precautions such as face masks and barriers, social distancing proved to be ineffective. In conclusion the most effective way to prevent droplet spread during activities where masks simply cannot be worn, such as eating, is to apply barriers between the individuals. Applying barriers and wearing masks successfully prevented macroscopic droplet spread.

On-campus student accommodation safety measures: provision versus risk analysis

PurposeThis paper compares the provision and risk associated with the lack of safety measures in the student accommodations of a university in the Western Cape province, South Africa, with the aim of developing a guide to improve the provision of the safety measures.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopted a case study research strategy. A questionnaire was used as an instrument to collect quantitative data, whereas an interview was conducted to collect qualitative data. Both descriptive (mean score) and inferential (paired t-test) statistics were used to analyse the quantitative data, whereas a content analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data.FindingsAlthough most of the measures were provided, few critical measures were not adequate or not provided at all. Moreover, the mean scores obtained indicated that there were statistically significant differences between the provision and risk of non-provision of most of the measures. Weapon detector, closed-circuit television (CCTV), water sprinkler system, lift for disabled students, disabled toilet facility, burglar bar on doors, first aid box, medically trained personnel on post and accident logbook were identified as measures requiring urgent attention.Research limitations/implicationsData were collected only from one university; therefore, the findings of the research study may not be generalised. Thus, a study that can expand the number of participating universities is recommended.Practical implicationsThe facilities department and safety unit can use the recommendations provided to improve the safety of the student accommodations. Policymakers could also benefit from the findings of the study.Originality/valueThere is dearth of studies focussing mainly on student accommodation security and safety measures from the infrastructure point of view. Thus, this article contributes to the body of knowledge in this area.

Analysis of Metal Fire Problems and Corresponding Safety Measures

The problems and measures were analyzed through the case analysis of metal fire as there was not enough research on metal fire. The problems included ① not having metal fires in the classification of fires, ② the lack of safety measures, ③ not having grounds for the specified quantity of the hazard, ④ an inadequate interim treatment of waste recycling and inappropriate notification by the Ministry of Environment. And the measures included ① the enactment of a metal fire guideline, ② establishment of preparedness and response system of fire departments, ③ strengthening fire prevention activities, ④ review of reduction of specified quantity such as iron, magnesium, etc.

Analysis of the Problems and Safety Measures of Magnesium Fires

The problems and safety measures for magnesium fires were analyzed based on the fire case analysis in this study. The following problems were analyzed: ① the fire occurs in areas where there is no regulation under the Hazardous Goods Safety Management Act, ② the lack of safety measures during the firefighting of magnesium fires, ③ absence of adaptive fire fighting agents or equipment, ④ absence of suitable fire fighting tactics. For safety measures, the following were analyzed: ① enactment of magnesium fire guidelines, ② the education and publicity regarding fire prevention and countermeasures by fire organizations, ③ the obligation to have appropriate fire extinguishing agents in the places where magnesium is stored and handled, ④ the development of suppression equipment and fire fighting tactics, and ⑤ the research and development of fire extinguishing agents.

Livelihood Challenges of Brakchakkhan Community of District Shigar Gilgit Baltistan

The research was conducted to study the livelihood challenges faced by Brak chakkhan (stone crushers) community in district Shigar. The study aimed to inquire the challenges face by this community. The nature of the study was descriptive. The methods used in the research were in –depth interview, case study and observation. The research was conducted from an Anthropological perspective. The paper highlights the challenges faced by this community for sustainable livelihood. Purposive sampling was used to gather data from 65 respondents. The findings of the study reflect that the miners lack education; both formal and informal. Lack of safety measures, lag in technological advancement in mineral excavation and tedious manual labor in 21st century is yet an eye opener for the policy makers of the country.

The Health of Nepali Migrants in India: A Qualitative Study of Lifestyles and Risks.

Background: Most health research on Nepali migrant workers in India is on sexual health, whilst work, lifestyle and health care access issues are under-researched. Methods: The qualitative study was carried out in two cities of Maharashtra State in 2017. Twelve focus group discussions (FGDs) and five in-depth interviews were conducted with Nepali male and female migrant workers. Similarly, eight interviews were conducted with stakeholders, mostly representatives of organisations working for Nepali migrants in India using social capital as a theoretical foundation. Results: Five main themes emerged from the analysis: (i) accommodation; (ii) lifestyle, networking and risk-taking behaviours; (iii) work environment; (iv) support from local organisations; and (v) health service utilisation. Lack of basic amenities in accommodation, work-related hazards such as lack of safety measures at work or safety training, reluctance of employers to organise treatment for work-related accidents, occupational health issues such as long working hours, high workload, no/limited free time, discrimination by co-workers were identified as key problems. Nepali migrants have limited access to health care facilities due to their inability to prove their identity. Health system of India also discriminates as some treatment is restricted to Indian nationals. The strength of this study is the depth it offers, its limitations includes a lack of generalizability, the latter is a generic issue in such qualitative research. Conclusion: This study suggests risks to Nepali migrant workers’ health in India range from accommodation to workplace and from their own precarious lifestyle habit to limited access to health care facilities. We must conduct a quantitative study on a larger population to establish the prevalence of the above mentioned issues and risks. Furthermore, the effectiveness of Nepali migrant support organisations in mitigating these risks needs to be researched.

Assessment of Tractor and Agricultural Machine Accidents Happened in Agricultural Enterprises of Çumra Town of Konya Province

Tractor and agricultural machinery accidents happened in the last 20 years in Cumra town of Konya province were investigated in this study. All of the producers involved in accidents constituted research population. Complete enumeration method was used and questionnaires were applied to 43 agricultural enterprises through face-to-face meetings. Survey results revealed that 95.30% of the enterprises were dealing with plant production activities and average land size was 189.7 da. Number of individuals per accident was identified as 1.74; 95.30% of the individuals involved in accidents were male; a tractor was involved in 41.90% of the accidents and 20.90% of these accidents happened with a trailer. Of the investigated accidents, 39.505 happened while working in the field; 58.105 happened afternoon; 34.90% happened as rollover. With regard to reasons of accidents, 32.60% were resulted from inattention, 20.90% resulted from pto-shaft accidents, 11.60% were resulted from overloads and surface impurities, 7.0% were resulted from lack of safety measures, 4.705 were resulted from overspeed and 2.30% were resulted from organ caught-ins to belt-pulley.

Time for an Adolescent Health Surveillance System in Saudi Arabia: Findings From “Jeeluna”

PurposeWith the increasing burden of noncommunicable disease, adolescence is viewed as an opportune time to prevent the onset of certain behaviors and promote healthy states. Although adolescents comprise a considerable portion of Saudi Arabia's population, they have received insufficient attention and indicators of their health status, as a first step in a prevention cycle are unavailable. This study was carried out with the aim of identifying the health risk behaviors and health status of adolescents in Saudi Arabia. MethodsThis cross-sectional, school-based study was carried out in all 13 regions of Saudi Arabia. Through multistage, cluster, random sampling, intermediate, and secondary school students were invited to participate. Data were collected by means of a self-administered questionnaire addressing health risk behaviors and health status, clinical anthropometric measurements, and laboratory investigations. ResultsA total of 12,575 adolescents participated. Various health risk behaviors, including dietary and sedentary behaviors, lack of safety measures, tobacco use, bullying, and violence were highly prevalent. Twenty-eight percent of adolescents reported having a chronic health condition, 14.3% reported having symptoms suggestive of depression, 30.0% were overweight/obese, and 95.6% were vitamin D deficient. ConclusionBehaviors and conditions known to persist into adulthood and result in morbidity and premature mortality are prevalent among adolescents in Saudi Arabia. Preventive measures and local health policies are urgently needed and can impact adolescents and future adults. Establishing adolescent health surveillance is necessary to monitor trends and impacts of such measures.