Lack Of Partner Research Articles

Seksualna aktivnost stanovništva Srbije

Sexual activity of population, especially young people, is multiply significant for the population's health status. The beginning of sexual intercourses is constantly moving toward the younger age. The aim of the paper is observing the sexual activity in Serbia's population according to gender, age, territory, place of living, level of education and material status. Accordingly, the Institute of Public Health of Serbia made a survey in the whole territory of Serbia in 2000 and 2006. The results have shown that the experience in the sexual intercourse prelude such as embrace and kissing is acquired at an early age: at age of 10 increasing until the age of 14; thereafter the line is decreasing. The 91% citizens have the sexual intercourses. The sexual intercourses with the same gender have 2, 4% citizens, whereas 7, 6% citizens have sexual relations with irregular partner. The first sexual experience is acquired at the age of 17. Those intercourses have 56.2% young people have such intercourses. The beginning of sexual life is rising with educational level and material status. The reason of beginning of sexual life is love and because most of the friends have already entered into, the physical attraction and just the time for it. The reason for non-beginning of sexual life is the opinion that it is too early for it and the lack of partner. Contraceptive drugs are used by 37, 7% women and 36, 9% exert unknown methods. Interrupted coitus, women's days barren, condoms and intrauterine spiral are most frequent methods of contraception. Neither contraceptive methods is used by 21, 4% citizens.

Fatores associados à evolução ponderal de gestantes: uma análise multinível

To assess the influence of socioeconomic, reproductive, and behavioral factors on the evolution of weight during pregnancy. Body weight was measured prospectively in a cohort of 215 healthy pregnant women attended to by a public prenatal service in the city of São Paulo, between 1997 and 1998. The criteria for inclusion were the following: aged 18 or older and with the beginning of prenatal care at a gestational age <or= 16 weeks. The relation between the independent variables and the evolution of weight during pregnancy was assessed by means of the multilevel hierarchical linear analysis, and subsequently analyzed by the maximum likelihood test. In the multilevel analysis, the factors that were significantly associated to gestational weight gain were the following: initial BMI, level of education, marital status and parity. The equations thus obtained enabled to identify the individual effect of each of these characteristics: eutrophic initial BMI, level of education >or= 4 years, lack of partner, and primiparity cause increases of 3.0 kg, 1.9 kg, 2.3 kg and 2.4 kg in the total weight gain during pregnancy, respectively. Initial BMI, level of education and parity are the maternal characteristics that, along with the marital status, must be taken into consideration in the development of strategies to promote adequate weight gain during pregnancy.

Prospective study of risk factors for attempted suicide among patients with DSM–IV major depressive disorder

There are few prospective studies on risk factors for attempted suicide among psychiatric out- and in-patients with major depressive disorder. To investigate risk factors for attempted suicide among psychiatric out- and in-patients with major depressive disorder in the city of Vantaa, Finland. The Vantaa Depression Study included 269 patients with DSM-IV major depressive disorder diagnosed using semistructured interviews and followed up at 6- and 18-month interviews with a life chart. During the 18-month followup, 8% of the patients attempted suicide. The relative risk of an attempt was 2.50 during partial remission and 7.54 during a major depressive episode, compared with full remission (P 0.001). Numerous factors were associated with this risk, but lacking a partner, previous suicide attempts and total time spent in major depressive episodes were the most robust predictors. Suicide attempts among patients with major depressive disorder are strongly associated with the presence and severity of depressive symptoms and predicted by lack of partner, previous suicide attempts and time spent in depression. Reducing the time spent depressed is a credible preventive measure.

Sexual functioning and practices in a multi‐ethnic study of midlife women: Baseline results from swan

This study examined the sexual practices and function of midlife women by ethnicity (African American, Caucasian, Chinese, Hispanic, Japanese) and menopausal status. Sexual behavior was compared in 3,262 women in the baseline cohort of SWAN. Participants were 42 to 52 years old, premenopausal or early perimenopausal, and not hysterectomized or using hormones. Analysis used multivariate proportional odds regression. In our sample, 79% had engaged in sex with a partner in the last 6 months, and a third considered sex to be very important. Common reasons for no sex (n = 676) were lack of partner (67%), lack of interest (33%), and fatigue (16%). Compared with Caucasians, Japanese and Chinese women were less likely, and African Americans more likely, to report sex as very important (p < 0.005). Significant ethnic differences were found for frequency of all practices. Perimenopause status was associated only with higher frequencies of masturbation and pain during intercourse.

Talking Control

The purpose of this study was to present battered women's perceptions of violent events and their development, as reflected in the metaphors they use. The study was conceptualized in the phenomenological-constructivist tradition and used feminist theory to interpret the findings. It is based on 25 in-depth interviews with battered women, selected purposefully from a larger study, based on the richness and variation of metaphors encountered in the data. The qualitative data were analyzed inductively using cross-case analysis. The theme of control was prevalent in battered women's metaphoric descriptions and was divided into two major grounded categories: one of women's metaphors of male self-control, including gaining and losing self-control, containing the partner's lack of control, and bridging between the man's violent and good self; and second, women's self-control, including controlling the violence through self-control, gender-related control, and women's loss of control. These findings are discussed in terms of gendered language and relationships.

COMPARISON OF LONG-TERM OUTCOMES OF PENILE PROSTHESES AND INTRACAVERNOSAL INJECTION THERAPY

Purpose Intracavernosal injection therapy is one of the most popular therapies for erectile dysfunction today. Yet, most clinicians consider intracavernosal injection a palliative treatment for erectile dysfunction because of the high patient initiated dropout rate. In contrast, penile prostheses appear to offer a more permanent cure for erectile dysfunction. We compare the long-term outcomes of both therapies in contemporaneously treated patients and determine the reasons for failure of each. Materials and Methods Telephone survey and chart review was conducted on the first 115 patients treated with intracavernosal injection and 65 patients undergoing insertion of a penile prosthesis during the same period at our institution. Mean patient age was 57 and 60 years, respectively, and mean followup of all patients was 5.4 years (range of 3.3 to 16). Results An equal percentage of patients were lost to followup in both groups, including 19% of the intracavernosal injection group and 18% of the penile prosthesis group. Of the intracavernosal injection patients 6 (6%) died during followup and 10 (19%) of the prosthetic patients died (p <0.05). At the time of contact only 41% of the patients were still using intracavernosal injection. In contrast, 70% of the patients were still sexually active with the prosthesis (p <0.01). Mean duration of use of the penile prosthetics was 63 months compared to 37 months for intracavernosal injection (p <0.001). The most common reasons for discontinuing intracavernosal injection were inadequate erections (16 cases), lack of spontaneity (14), side effects (12), lack of partner (10), loss of sexual interest (6) and spontaneous return of normal erections (4). More than half of the patients (61%) who discontinued intracavernosal injection remain sexually active with other therapies, including penile prosthesis in 11, vacuum devices in 4, vascular surgery in 1 and oral medication in 1, and 14 without any therapy. We could not identify any significant clinical parameters that would accurately predict which patients most benefited by the long-term use of intracavernosal injection therapy. In contrast, only 6 patients discontinued use of the implant because of complications (infection, erosion and malfunction) and 7 for reasons independent of the implant (that is lack of partner, loss of sexual interest and co-morbidity). Conclusions Intracavernosal injection serves as only a palliative therapy for the majority of patients with erectile dysfunction but there exists a core group who derives long-term satisfaction with its use. The majority of patients who discontinue intracavernosal injection remain sexually active yet do not progress to more invasive or effective therapies. The reason for discontinuing therapies for erectile dysfunction is often unrelated to the actual therapeutic modality. Our findings suggest that further improvements in intracavernosal injection therapy and the development of alternative methods of delivery of vasoactive agents will have only a limited impact on the overall outcome of therapy for erectile dysfunction and that increased attention to issues separate from the erection is warranted.

Psychological coping with stillbirth. Course of grief response, influential factors, treatment satisfaction, patient management needs

Course of Grief Response, influencing Factors, Satisfaction with treatment, Need for Psychotherapeutic Support: The emotional response to a late miscarriage or a stillbirth was examined retrospectively in a systematic study involving 51 patients. The women had lost a child either by stillbirth (beyond the 20th week of gestation) or shortly after delivery. We assessed the long-term course of possible determinants of grief, a complicated grief response, as well as the patients' satisfaction with the treatment and their need for further psychotherapeutic support. The mourning response was complicated by a depressive reaction in 22%. Major risk factors were individual disposition, lack of partner and professional support. The findings reveal that the course of the grief response is positively influenced by: 1. open discussion (thematisation) with the skilled personnel and the patients' families, 2. direct or indirect contact with the deceased child (concretisation) and 3. the patients concerned being extensively informed as to place and circumstances of the funeral (whereabouts of the child).

Bedrest Compliance for Women With Pregnancy Problems

: Bedrest has long been recommended for high-risk pregnancies, but recent studies question its effectiveness in improving pregnancy outcomes. To be effective, the women for whom bedrest is recommended must practice it. This study examined degree of compliance and reason for noncompliance in women for whom bedrest was recommended, and outcomes of pregnancy among high-risk women who complied compared with those who did not. The subjects were 326 high-risk pregnant women who were prescribed bedrest for preterm labor, blood pressure problems, or bleeding problems. Of that group, one-third did not comply with the bedrest recommendation. These women had more children, were not currently married, had more stress, did not attend prenatal classes, continued drinking alcohol during pregnancy, and were not trying to get pregnant compared with women who complied. Reasons for noncompliance included the need to care for children, not feeling sick, household demands, lack of partner or family support, need to work, and discomfort. The pregnancy outcomes for the women who complied were similar to those of the women who did not comply. These findings support the importance of more research on the practice of prescribing bedrest to improve pregnancy outcomes.

Bedrest Compliance for Women with Pregnancy Problems

Bedrest has long been recommended for high-risk pregnancies, but recent studies question its effectiveness in improving pregnancy outcomes. To be effective, the women for whom bedrest is recommended must practice it. This study examined degree of compliance and reason for noncompliance in women for whom bedrest was recommended, and outcomes of pregnancy among high-risk women who complied compared with those who did not. The subjects were 326 high-risk pregnant women who were prescribed bedrest for preterm labor, blood pressure problems, or bleeding problems. Of that group, one-third did not comply with the bedrest recommendation. These women had more children, were not currently married, had more stress, did not attend prenatal classes, continued drinking alcohol during pregnancy, and were not trying to get pregnant compared with women who complied. Reasons for noncompliance included the need to care for children, not feeling sick, household demands, lack of partner or family support, need to work, and discomfort. The pregnancy outcomes for the women who complied were similar to those of the women who did not comply. These findings support the importance of more research on the practice of prescribing bedrest to improve pregnancy outcomes.

Hormonal replacement therapy and sexuality in a population of Swedish postmenopausal women.

All women (n = 2465) living in the community of Linköping, Sweden, aged 55, 57, 59 and 65 years were studied in a cross-sectional trial concerning the prevalence of vasomotor symptoms, hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) and sexual activities. After one reminder, answers were received from 1867 (76%) women. In all, 51% of the women reported vasomotor symptoms. Ten percent of the women used HRT at the time of the survey. Another 10% of the women had previously used oral HRT but had abandoned treatment. One third of these women reported no vasomotor symptoms when they abandoned treatment. One fifth ceased treatment after recommendation from their physician and another fifth because of 'fear' of hormonal treatment. Sixty-two percent of the women reported sexual activity. The most common reasons for not having a regular sex-life were lack of partner or lack of desire.

PREMARITAL BREAKUPS IN A TURKISH SAMPLE: PERCEIVED REASONS, ATTRIBUTIONAL DIMENSIONS AND AFFECTIVE REACTIONS

The present study aimed to investigate the causal attributional dimensions used in the dissolution of premarital romantic relationships by using the subjects' own ratings, and to examine cultural influences on such dimensions. Twenty‐two items tapping dimensions revealed by previous research were prepared and administered to 135 Turkish students who have broken up a relationship within the past year. Respondents' ratings of their perceived principal reason for dissolution were subjected to factor analysis which revealed the following six factors: self‐control, partner's control, control external to the relationship, partner's lack of caring, instability, and transitoriness. The relationship between negative emotional reaction to the breakup and attributional dimensions and other dating‐related variables revealed that the intensity of involvement and attributing the dissolution to external factors increases, whereas, initiating the breakup decreases the negative emotional impact of such an experience. The results of the study were greatly overlapping with the findings reported in the western literature. The implications of the results were discussed in relation to research in heterosexual relationships.

Determinants of sexual dissatisfaction in sexually distressed couples.

Forty-five couples seeking sex therapy were administered a 15-item symptom checklist regarding both specific sexual dysfunctions and more general interpersonal difficulties, along with an objective criterion measure of overall sexual dissatisfaction. For males, the most common complaint involved too infrequent intercourse, followed by failure of their partner to reach orgasm and concern with their own sexual adequacy. For women, five of the six most prevalent complaints involved difficulty with becoming sexually aroused or reaching orgasm. For both sexes, the incidence of specific sexual dysfunctions was considerably lower than for more general interpersonal difficulties. For both males and females, important determinants of sexual distress included the partner's lack of response to sexual requests, infrequent intercourse, lack of affection for the partner, and the absence of specific sexual dysfunctions in oneself. In addition, males' sexual dissatisfaction was strongly influenced by their wives' failure to reach orgasm, whereas wives were more responsive to concerns regarding their own sexual adequacy.