Lack Of Need Research Articles

Red and Processed Meats and Health Risks: How Strong Is the Evidence?

Prevailing dietary guidelines have widely recommended diets relatively low in red and processed meats and high in minimally processed plant foods for the prevention of chronic diseases. However, an ad hoc research group called the Nutritional Recommendations (NutriRECS) consortium recently issued “new dietary guidelines” encouraging individuals to continue their current meat consumption habits due to “low certainty” of the evidence, difficulty of altering meat eaters’ habits and preferences, and the lack of need to consider environmental impacts of red meat consumption. These recommendations are not justified, in large part because of the flawed methodologies used to review and grade nutritional evidence. The evidence evaluation was largely based on the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria, which are primarily designed to grade the strength of evidence for clinical interventions especially pharmacotherapy. However, the infeasibility for conducting large, long-term randomized clinical trials on most dietary, lifestyle, and environmental exposures makes the criteria inappropriate in these areas. A separate research group proposed a modified and validated system for rating the meta-evidence on nutritional studies (NutriGRADE) to address several limitations of the GRADE criteria. Applying NutriGRADE, the evidence on the positive association between red and processed meats and type 2 diabetes was rated to be of “high quality,” while the evidence on the association between red and processed meats and mortality was rated to be of “moderate quality.” Another important limitation is that inadequate attention was paid to what might be replacing red meat, be it plant-based proteins, refined carbohydrates, or other foods. In summary, the red/processed meat recommendations by NutriRECS suffer from important methodological limitations and involve misinterpretations of nutritional evidence. To improve human and planetary health, dietary guidelines should continue to emphasize dietary patterns low in red and processed meats and high in minimally processed plant foods such as fruits and vegetables, whole grains, nuts, and legumes.

Sexual and gender minorities educational content within obstetric anesthesia fellowship programs: a survey.

Improved patient-provider relationships can positively influence patient outcomes. Sexual and gender minorities (SGM) represent a wide variety of marginalized populations. There is an absence of studies examining the inclusion of SGM-related health education within postgraduate training in anesthesia. This study's objective was to perform an environmental scan of the educational content of North American obstetric anesthesia fellowship programs. An online survey was developed based on a review of the existing literature assessing the presence of SGM content within other healthcare-provider curricula. The survey instrument was distributed electronically to 50 program directors of North American obstetric anesthesia fellowship programs. Survey responses were summarized using descriptive statistics. Survey responses were received from 30 of the 50 program directors (60%). Of these, 54% (14/26) felt their curriculum adequately prepares fellows to care for SGM patients, yet only 19% (5/26) of participants stated that SGM content was part of their curriculum and 31% (8/26) would like to see more incorporated in the future. Perceived lack of need was chosen as the biggest barrier to curricular inclusion of SGM education (46%; 12/26), followed by lack of available/interested faculty (19%; 5/26) and time (19%; 5/26). Our results suggest that, although curriculum leaders appreciate that SGM patients are encountered within the practice of obstetric anesthesia, most fellowship programs do not explicitly include SGM curricular content. Nevertheless, there appears to be interest in developing SGM curricular content for obstetric anesthesia fellowship training. Future steps should include perspectives of trainees and patients to inform curricular content.

Evaluation of preparation methods for orally disintegrating tablets

Oral disintegrating tablets (ODT) are orally administered solid dosage forms commonly used in pediatric and geriatric patients with difficulty in swallowing. The lack of need for water during the use of ODTs is another advantage that increases patient compliance. Many methods are used for the production of ODTs such as direct compression (DC), freeze-drying (FD), spray drying, 3-D printing, melt granulation, phase transition process, molding, sublimation, mass extrusion, cotton candy process. Since the ODTs produced are aimed to disintegrate and dissolve rapidly, and consequently act quickly, the production method parameters need to be optimized in line with the critical product parameters. In this study, the most widely used manufacturing methods (especially DC and FD) for ODT and in vitro quality control tests of ODT are evaluated.

Estimation of the risk of the frailty syndrome in the independent-living population of older people.

Frailty syndrome (FS) is one of the biggest problems faced by an ageing population. The aim of the study was to analyse selected parameters to assess the possibility of FS or symptoms related to this syndrome among independent and subjectively healthy people aged 60 + years and to select tests that may have a high level of diagnostic success while at the same time being easy to conduct, standardised and have a high level of reliability. The study group consisted of 1006 people aged 60 + years and the research protocol was very extensive, focusing on the broadly understood assessment of the functional biological markers of health in this group of people. The main outcome measures were hand-grip strength, 8-foot up-and-go test, and weekly physical activity (PA). In considering the three basic pre-frail criteria, we observed significant reductions in muscle strength, walking speed, and weekly PA in a healthy and independent-living population. The results of the analysis of variance and detailed comparisons with the LSD test confirmed intergroup disparities. In terms of somatic features, statistically significant differences occurred in groups based on age and sex in favour of men and younger people. However, the division into non-frail and pre-frail groups with reference to the risk of frailty syndrome showed no differentiation between groups in somatic features. There is a risk of frailty syndrome in a healthy and independent-living (non-community-dwelling) population of people aged 60 + years. The higher the age, the greater the risk is, with females being more vulnerable to FS than males. Furthermore, it should be noted that healthy and independent-living seniors may prefer dwelling in the community but are also at risk of FS. The hand-grip and 8-foot up-and-go tests may be good for diagnosing FS in all ageing populations from many different backgrounds. The hand-grip evaluation, as well as a test that assesses motion speed and dynamic balance, may be among the best methods to measure the risk of frailty syndrome in ageing populations of healthy and independent-living seniors. The lower the values on these tests were, the higher the risk of FS. The advantage of these tests may lie in their ease of implementation and lack of need for expensive clinical equipment to take measurements, as well as the possibility for a high level of standardisation and reliability.

Теоретичні основи критеріїв сформованості ціннісних орієнтацій майбутніх учителів музики

The article is devoted to the problem of formation of value orientations of future music teachers in the process of professional preparation. The criteria of revealing the state of formation of value orientations, consistent with the component structure of the identified phenomenon and determining the levels of their formation are considered. Value orientations are formed on the basis of the system of values of the person and are the most important element in the structure of personality. They reflect the selective, subjective attitude of the individual towards objective phenomena or objects. The importance of the individual depends on how he assimilates and realizes the achievements of the practice of society and manifests in it his individual abilities. The need for radical reform of education today is often associated with the idea of ​​reviving the principle of the priority of spiritual values over the material and economic ones. This requires that in each of the available pedagogical students the system of values and the problem of their formation should be specially investigated. The reason that hinders the formation of correct value orientations is that the higher spiritual values of humankind began to play an increasingly important role in modern life, but to satisfy only primitive needs at the level of «pseudo-values». That is why the value-oriented, active, personal approach to the upbringing of young people is an important condition for the formation of value orientations of a person embodied in the forms of social-pedagogical practice. Any work of human activity realizes the value aspect, but it becomes valuable only when it satisfies a certain need. Interest in certain needs is a prerequisite for evaluation. Lack of need makes assessment impossible. Thus, the assessment combines the potential value of the phenomenon or object with the needs and interests of the subject. The assessment assumes the existence of the basis or criterion against which the evaluation takes place. This is justified by the need to determine the value of an object or standard, a norm that compares an object with a fixed pattern. Thus, the act of evaluation involves a comparison of two realities - spiritual and material.

ASSESSMENT AND INFLUENCE OF A FAMILY PHYSICIAN ON THE HEALTH STATUS OF THE POPULATION OF AMALGAMATED TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES

Introduction: Primary health care is the most important part of the health system. Family physicians, as representatives of this link, are key figures who are assigned a number of responsibilities for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of both adults and children. An indicator of the effectiveness of their work is the level of satisfaction of citizens with the quality of service. To understand the effectiveness of reform implementation, the authors evaluated the activities of the family physician and its influence on the health of citizens living on the entrusted territory. The aim of the study is an empirical analysis of the selection criteria, frequency and reasons for the citizens' visits to a family physician in the amalgamated territorial communities of the Sumy region. Materials and methods: During the research, methods of a systematic approach and comparative analysis were used. The study was conducted in the form of a survey. Calculations and processing of statistical information were carried out using the "OSA" application. Study results and discussion: The paper shows the condition of primary care as a result of the health system reform. The sociological survey on the work of family physicians in the amalgamated territorial communities concerned the criteria for choosing a family physician, the frequency of requests for medical care, and the reasons for requests, in particular for preventive purposes. The analysis showed that the percentage of signing declarations is relatively high. However, a certain formality of this process was observed, since a significant percentage of citizens who signed the declaration have never met their family physician. The result indicates that citizens often do not seek medical care in outpatient clinics on the territory of the amalgamated territorial community, and they rarely visit the physician for preventive purposes. According to respondents, the reason for not seeking prevention is the lack of need. Conclusion: A high percentage of residents of the amalgamated territorial communities signed declarations with family physicians. However, having analyzed the survey data, we can note a rather formal attitude to this procedure, since many residents seek medical services in other medical institutions. It is a consequence of the insufficient effectiveness of the reform of primary health care and insufficient attention on the part of local authorities to provide outpatient clinics with qualified specialists. There is a need to raise awareness about the importance of preventive measures. Keywords family medicine, family physician, preventive work, declaration, communication.

The use of simple teeth surfaces in non-conjugate gears

Nowadays, the dominant place in the practical use of rotational motion transmission mechanisms has conjugate, and, in particular, teeth gear. Reproduction of high-order surfaces used in conjugated gears requires the use of sophisticated and expensive equipment. An alternative to such gears are approximate gears. The paper analyzes the possibility of using gears with non-conjugate engagement when using the simplest surfaces - a plane, a cylinder and their various combinations, as the working surfaces of the teeth. It is shown that with the simplest outlines of the teeth it is possible to get the high-quality transmission. The results of mathematical modeling of approximate gears are presented. A comparison of the studied gears with the involute one in terms of the cyclic error of the tooth frequency is given. The resulting values of the position error and the gear ratio are minimal and, in particular, for multi-row gears can be negligible. The insensitivity of approximate gears to the errors in wheel manufacturing and gear assembly is shown. Several gear configurations and various motion transmission configurations are provided. Prospects for the use of gears with the simplest outlines of the teeth are associated with the lack of need for complex gear-processing equipment and the possibility of manufacturing and repair in the field conditions. In addition, such transmissions are indispensable for experimental installations because of the possibility of rapid changes in parameters that do not require significant time for design and manufacture.

Management and Equalization of Energy Storage Devices for DC Microgrids Using a SoC-Sharing Function

This paper presents a method for Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) equalization and energy management in dc microgrids (MGs) with slow dynamic sources, such as Fuel Cells (FCs). The three main features of this method are the ESSs equalization, the energy management between the ESSs and the FC, and the ability to suppress fast transients of load, preventing damages in the FC. The equalization is performed using a State of Charge ( $SoC$ )-Sharing Function, which is based on a Sigmoid Function (SF). The $SoC$ -Sharing Function is designed similarly to the droop controller, therefore, it is suitable for operation in droop based MGs. Additionally, the ability to suppress fast transients of load is performed by adding a low pass filter in the FC control loop. The main advantages of this method are the SF smooth behavior and the lack of need for a high-speed link of communication between the sources. To evaluate the MG stability, the Lyapunov’s Indirect Method is applied in the MG model considering different scenarios varying the $SoC$ and load connected to the dc-link. Finally, the model is validated by comparing simulation and experimental results supplied by a lab-scale prototype.

Diagnosis and Reporting of Dysplastic (Atypical, Clarks) Nevi – a Reassessment

This article on dysplastic nevi was compiled and written in August 2004 but never published in a print journal. It is our opinion that now, 15 years later, the same conclusions documented in the initial article still exist. In fact, the further studies and reports strongly support the lack of malignancy (nor evidence of pre-cursors of malignancy) in correctly histologically diagnosed junctional or compound dysplastic nevi and the lack of need of re-excision of these nevi in almost all cases. 1,2,3,4

Developing a model to explain modifications to public transportation accident memorials

ABSTRACT With the notable exception of modifications to memorials related to the Titanic, public transportation accidents have remained largely ignored by the academic community. This article fills a gap in the literature by developing a model to explain modifications which occur many years after the event. Such modifications, beyond the financial means of most individual families, are unexpected given that the lack of need to reinterpret the event, as often occurs with modifications to memorials which may have a wider social significance. The article develops a model using existing literature on transportation accident memorials, memory studies and death studies, pointing to the need for three factors: local approval, co-ordination (of both people and funds), and a trigger. In relation to the trigger, the model finds that this relates to the continuation of the bereavement process as well as potentially issues relating to ‘dark tourism’. Having developed the model, it is tested against the case study of a modification made to a memorial for the world’s largest single-plane crash, JAL flight JL123. The article finds, in addition to the model working for this case, there is a need for bereavement theory to be better used within studies on memorialisation.

Relevance and Utility of Different Training Needs of Input Dealers in Jhansi District of Bundelkhand Region

Agri-input dealers play a vital role in guaranteeing that farming communities have access to some of the essential and critical agricultural input that contribute in boosting the agricultural productivity. Besides this, they also contribute towards strengthening the Agricultural Extension System by providing valuable agro-advisory services to the farmers. It is essential that they are equipped with latest scientific know how through refresher training courses. The present study was conducted during 2018-19 in Jhansi district of Bundelkhand region to ascertain training needs of agri-input dealers. Data was collected personally by using well-structured interview schedule of 57 agri-input dealers. Respondents were found to be young age group (50.88%), one-third had higher secondary education (35.09%), sought financial assistance from bank and other financial institution (36.84%) and identification of trade name, chemical name and properties of pesticides have emerged as the most needed training area. Around 84.21 per cent of the respondent’s priorities vegetable among crop specific training needs and 84.21 per cent of the respondents had expressed ‘most needed’ training needs on micro nutrient fertilizers. More than two-third of respondents had expressed their training needs on improved varieties or hybrids of crops for cultivation (89.47%) and training in computer and its application in business is another preferred area. Lack of technical knowledge of different brands of product, fluctuation of sale on season basis and lack of need based training were some of the major constraints faced by agri-input dealers while delivering services. In order to overcome these problems agricultural institution must arrange some training programme which caters the above mentioned training need of input dealers.

Demand forecasting for the 5G service market considering consumer preference and purchase delay behavior

Unlike previous mobile communications technologies that centered on service subscribers, 5G mobile communication (5G) is expected to converge with various industry fields such as transportation, manufacturing, and construction, thereby stimulating innovation and generating significant ripple effects. At a time when 5G commercialization is incipient, it is necessary to understand mobile communication service users who are likely to be important initial users for the creation and diffusion of 5G services. The current study analyzed consumer preference for 5G services based on conjoint survey data and a mixed logit model, and we conducted a market simulation based on the estimation results to determine the impact of 5G technology development on the 5G market, specifically regarding the mobile communication fields. In addition, this study derived consumer purchase delay factors for 5G services using an ordered logit model. The results show that consumers delay the adoption of 5G services mainly because of the cost and lack of need. By considering the consumer purchase delay, it is estimated that the acceptance rate of 5G services by consumers will decrease by more than 50%; this is because it is hard to conclude a purchase delay of more than one year leads to an actual purchase. The results of this study suggest important strategic implications that are likely to reduce the purchase delay of consumers, improve the actual adoption rate, and increase the diffusion of 5G services.

Broadband Determination of the Even- and Odd-Mode Propagation Constants of Coupled Lines Based on Two-Port Measurements

We describe a method for the broadband measurement of the even- and odd-mode propagation constants of symmetrical coupled transmission lines. The main advantage of the method, its simplicity, lies in the lack of need for four-port measurements. Only two-port measurements are required, and thus just a two-port vector network analyzer (VNA). The accuracy of the results can be increased at the cost of a higher number of measured coupled-line lengths. The new approach has been successfully applied for the determination of coupled microstrip lines in the 2- to 20-GHz frequency band in both simulated and experimental cases. A brief discussion about the repeatability of the microstrip launcher and the adverse effects of radiation is included.

Metal-Free Deep Eutectic Solvents: Preparation, Physical Properties, and Significance.

In the past decade, reports detailing the preparation, characterization, and application of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have grown in number significantly, showing signs of increased interest and attention. Indeed, these systems provide tunable polar environments attractive for their ease of synthesis and lack of need for purification. DESs are homogeneous systems composed of two or more components having a significantly depressed melting point compared to either constituent material. As interest and application of DESs grow, the need for a common understanding of their preparation and characterization is required. In this Perspective, we discuss metal-free DESs, focusing on their preparation, characterization of physical properties, and considerations for their application. We highlight inconsistencies or omissions in literature reports as well as factors for researchers to consider when investigating these systems.

Nab-paclitaxel in Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer

Despite the development of new systems for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer (mBC), chemotherapy remains an integral and significant stage of treatment for any molecular tumor subtype. In accordance with modern concepts, the optimal strategy of therapy in the vast majority of cases of mBC is the sequential administration of cytostatics in mono modes. This approach allows long-term control of tumor growth, translating pathology into a chronic discharge and maintaining a high quality of life. The emergence of new drugs or innovative dosage forms of existing cytostatics expands the possibilities of treatment of this chronic disease and allows long-term control over the disease. One of such new options was nab-paclitaxel, nano-dispersed paclitaxel stabilized with albumin. This dosage form provides active transport of the drug through the vascular endothelium with the creation of its high concentration in the tumor tissue. Clinical studies comparing nab-paclitaxel with traditional taxanes (paclitaxel and docetaxel) demonstrated high efficacy and safety of the drug both in a wide population of patients and in individual subgroups, including patients previously treated with anthracycline taxane, cases with aggressive disease, lesions of visceral organs, elderly patients and others. In addition, due to its unique formula, the drug does not cause hypersensitivity reactions, differing from traditional These taxanes are easy to use and safe. The lack of need for premedication with dexamethasone allows it to be prescribed for such comorbidities as severe hypertension, diabetes mellitus, stomach ulcer and duodenal ulcer, etc., and also successfully combine it with inhibitors of control points of the immune response, which confidently removes the drug on arena of immuno-oncology.

Value of Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) Monitoring Using Real-Time Quantitative PCR in Patients with Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) Treated with ATRA, ATO, +/- GO

Value of Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) Monitoring Using Real-Time Quantitative PCR in Patients with Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) Treated with ATRA, ATO, +/- GO

A digital imaging method for evaluating the kinetics of vapochromic response

This work describes the novel use of a cell phone camera and the L*a*b method (color space defined by the International Commission on Illumination) to characterize the color change in different vapochromic platinum(II) complexes in order to get quantitative and more reliable data. In this study, we have developed a semi-automatic CCA software that digitally analyzes images (e.g., video frames) collected while a vapochromic material is absorbing vapor and changing its color. The advantages of using this method, compared to reflectance or transmission spectroscopy through a thin film, include its low cost, convenience, portability, ease of sample preparation, the lack of need for specialized equipment, and the possibility of simultaneously collecting data on different samples under identical conditions. The results show that this strategy is effective in producing quantitative information about the kinetics of processes.

Increasing Energy Flux to Maintain Diet-Induced Weight Loss.

Long-term maintenance of weight loss requires sustained energy balance at the reduced body weight. This could be attained by coupling low total daily energy intake (TDEI) with low total daily energy expenditure (TDEE; low energy flux), or by pairing high TDEI with high TDEE (high energy flux). Within an environment characterized by high energy dense food and a lack of need for movement, it may be particularly difficult for weight-reduced individuals to maintain energy balance in a low flux state. Most of these individuals will increase body mass due to an inability to sustain the necessary level of food restriction. This increase in TDEI may lead to the re-establishment of high energy flux at or near the original body weight. We propose that following weight loss, increasing physical activity can effectively re-establish a state of high energy flux without significant weight regain. Although the effect of extremely high levels of physical activity on TDEE may be constrained by compensatory reductions in non-activity energy expenditure, moderate increases following weight loss may elevate energy flux and encourage physiological adaptations favorable to weight loss maintenance, including better appetite regulation. It may be time to recognize that few individuals are able to re-establish energy balance at a lower body weight without permanent increases in physical activity. Accordingly, there is an urgent need for more research to better understand the role of energy flux in long-term weight maintenance.

Enhanced modification technique for polyacrylonitrile UF membranes by direct hydrolysis in the immersion bath

ABSTRACTConventional hydrolysis modification of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membranes is usually carried out in a post‐treatment step during which hydrophilic groups are created on the membrane surface. In this article, however, direct hydrolysis in the immersion bath is proposed as a new and simple approach for simultaneous membrane preparation and modification. The main advantages of this method include lower alkali concentrations, promptness, and the lack of need for elevating temperature compared to other studies. The cast films were immersed in the coagulation bath containing aqueous NaOH solutions of various concentrations (0.003, 0.0125, 0.025, 0.05, and 0.1 M) for 1, 3, 5, and 10 min, which were then transferred to a bath of pure water. Membranes were characterized by pure water flux, porosity, average pore diameter, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), contact angle, mechanical properties, rejection, and flux recovery ratio (FRR) measurements. At all treatment times, the pure water flux of modified membranes reached its maximum at low NaOH concentrations with a substantial increase (210%) in the membrane treated with 0.0125 M NaOH for 1 min. Furthermore, the kinetics of the hydrolysis reaction was considered to provide deeper insights into morphological changes occurring during the hydrolysis. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48583.

A Parallel Computation Algorithm for Image Feature Extraction

We present a new method for image feature-extraction for learning image classification. An image is represented by a feature vector of distances that measure the dissimilarity between regions of the image and a set of fixed image prototypes. The method uses a text-based representation of images where the texture of an image corresponds to patterns of symbols in the text string. The distance between two images is based on the LZ-complexity of their corresponding strings. Given a set of input images, the algorithm produces cases that can be used by any supervised or unsupervised learning algorithm to learn image classification or clustering. A main advantage in this approach is the lack of need for any image processing or image analysis. A non-expert user can define the image-features by selecting a few small images that serve as prototypes for each class category. The algorithm is designed to run on a parallel processing platform. Results on the classification accuracy and processing speed are reported for several image classification problems including aerial imaging.