Lack Of Heating Research Articles

Modeling and Evaluation of a Rate-Based Transcutaneous Blood Gas Monitor.

Current methods for transcutaneous blood gas monitoring (TBM) - a common health monitoring method in neonatal care - comes with a suite of challenges like limited attachment opportunities, and risks of infections from burning and tearing of the skin, which limits its use. This study presents a novel system and method for rate-based transcutaneous CO2 measurements with a soft, unheated skin-interface that can address many of these problems. Additionally, a theoretical model for the gas transport from the blood to the system's sensor is derived. By simulating CO2 advection and diffusion through the cutaneous microvasculature and epidermis to the system's skin interface, the effect of a wide range of physiological properties on the measurement has been modeled. Following these simulations, a theoretical model for the relationship between the measured CO2 concentration and that in the blood was derived and compared to empirical data. Applying the model on measured blood gas levels, even when the theory was based solely on the simulations, produced blood CO2 concentrations within ∼35% of empirical measurements from a state-of-the-art device. Further calibration of the framework, also using the empirical data, yielded an output with a Pearson correlation of 0.84 between the two methods. Compared to the state-of-the-art device the proposed system measured the partial CO2 pressure in the blood with an average deviation of 0.04 kPa and 1.97σ of ±1.1 kPa. However, the model indicated that this performance could be hampered by different skin properties. Given its soft and gentle skin interface and lack of heating, the proposed system could significantly decrease health risks like, burns, tears, and pain, currently associated with TBM on premature neonates.

Crude Palm Oil Unloading Activities At Mt. Giat Armada 01

Loading and unloading is one of the activities carried out on board both when the ship is docked at the port or ship to ship. However, at the time of loading and unloading that occurred on the ship MT. Giat Armada 01 problems occur so that the loading and unloading process becomes less optimal.The research method that the writer uses in this thesis is qualitative descriptive with the Fishbone approach as a data analysis technique. Fishbone is shaped like a fishbone skeleton whose parts resemble the head and bones of fish. Fishbone is used to determine the causal relationship of the causal factors, the impact they cause, and the efforts made to optimize the handling of loading and unloading on the MT.Giat Armada01. The results of the research conducted, it can be said that loading and unloading handling at MT. Giat Armada 01. is not optimal. caused by the lack of maintenance of the equipment used for loading and unloading, damaged and poorly maintained cargo pump, lack of heating, lack of application of procedures for handling loading and unloading, and the length of the Jetty Batilicin pipe line shore. These factors have an impact on the less optimal handling of loading and unloading during loading and unloading, increased working hours, damage and loss of equipment used to support loading and unloading activities. To overcome these factors, it can be done by carrying out maintenance and checking of each tool used for loading and unloading, carrying out routine repairs and maintenance on the cargo pump, carrying out cargo maintenance, loading and unloading and squezing according to procedures, and always conducting safety meetings. before unloading or loading.

Результати діяльності Інституту проблем безпеки атомних електростанцій НАН України у 2022 р.

The most important results of the scientific and scientific-organizational activities of the Institute for Safety Problems of Nuclear Power Plants of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (ISP NPP, NAS of Ukraine) in 2022 are presented. It is shown that even under the extremely difficult conditions in which the entire country is due to the invasion of Russian troops into the territory of Ukraine, the employees of the Institute made great efforts to implement planned tasks to ensure nuclear and radiation safety of the destroyed fourth power unit of the Chornobyl nuclear power plant, handling of nuclear hazardous materials, as well as increasing the reliability and safety of nuclear power plants operation. The results of these studies were implemented in the fields of production, electric power industry and during the educational process, as well as highlighted in a number of publications and scientific events. Thus, despite the objective difficulties and guided by the development strategy, the ISP NPP plans to preserve the scientific and technical potential under the conditions of power outages, lack of heating and water supply in some places, disruption of the functioning of public transport, telecommunications and data transmission facilities, etc., as well as to become the leading organization of Ukraine for scientific and technical support of activities for the peaceful use of nuclear energy

Ultrafast cold-brewing of coffee by picosecond-pulsed laser extraction

Coffee is typically brewed by extracting roasted and milled beans with hot water, but alternative methods such as cold brewing became increasingly popular over the past years. Cold-brewed coffee is attributed to health benefits, fewer acids, and bitter substances. But the preparation of cold brew typically needs several hours or even days. To create a cold-brew coffee within a few minutes, we present an approach in which an ultrashort-pulsed laser system is applied at the brewing entity without heating the powder suspension in water, efficiently extracting caffeine and aromatic substances from the powder. Already 3 min irradiation at room temperature leads to a caffeine concentration of 25 mg caffeine per 100 ml, comparable to the concentrations achieved by traditional hot brewing methods but comes without heating the suspension. Furthermore, the liquid phase’s alkaloid content, analyzed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry, is dominated by caffeine and trigonelline and is comparable to traditional cold-brewed coffee rather than hot-brewed coffee. Furthermore, analyzing the head-space of the prepared coffee variants, using in-tube extraction dynamic head-space followed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, gives evidence that the lack of heating leads to the preservation of more (semi-)volatile substances like pyridine, which provide cold-brew coffee its unique taste. This pioneering study may give the impetus to investigate further the possibility of cold-brewing coffee, accelerated by more than one order of magnitude, using ultrafast laser systems.

PELATIHAN SPORT MASSAGE BAGI MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN JASMANI UNIVERSITAS MULAWARMAN

Based on the theories that have been explained, that the provision / handling by providing massage injury services at this time is very much needed. Due to strenuous exercise and lack of heating can cause injury. With this massage injury training, it has provided knowledge and skills to trainees. So that the participants know the science of sports massage. By knowing the existing theories about injuries, the types and forms of handling, will minimize the occurrence of anxiety. In addition, with training, provide clear information about the right times for the provision of massage services/ services. With the training that has been implemented, this has had a positive impact on all pesesrta. Starting from the creation of new jobs, providing additional economies, and providing opportunities for participants to dedicate the knowledge that has been obtained to the field and the community. Some things that can be inferred from the activity of applying masasge skill practicum, in addition to student knowledge increases in applying masasge skills to the wider community. For students to increase knowledge about sports masase therapy both in theory and practice so that it can be applied by students as one of the efforts to improve achievements in the field of sports. And of course the trainees get a deeper knowledge of sports injuries. The knowledge obtained not only in the explanation of materials and theories but also in direct practice is expected to prevent and minimize the occurrence of injuries in sports.

Systematic review of the effects of environmental factors on virus inactivation: implications for coronavirus disease 2019.

Environmental factors such as temperature and relative humidity can affect the inactivation and transmission of coronaviruses. By reviewing medical experiments on virus survival and virus transmission between infected and susceptible species in different temperature and humidity conditions, this study explores the influence of temperature and relative humidity on the survival and transmission of viruses, and provides suggestions, with experimental evidence, for the environmental control measures of Coronavirus Disease 2019. The results indicated that (1) virus viability and infectivity is increased at a low temperature of 5 ℃ and reduced at higher temperatures. (2) Virus survival and transmission is highly efficient in a dry environment with low relative humidity, and also in a wet environment with high relative humidity, and it is minimal at intermediate relative humidity. Therefore, in indoor environments, the lack of heating in winter or overventilation, leading to low indoor temperature, can help virus survival and help susceptible people being infected. On the contrary, modulating the indoor relative humidity at an intermediate level is conducive to curb epidemic outbreaks.

Influence of Socioeconomic Status on SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Spanish Pregnant Women. The MOACC-19 Cohort.

Little is known on socio-economic factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women. Here, we analyze the relationship between educational, occupational, and housing variables with SARS-CoV-2 infection in a cohort of 988 pregnant women in Spain. Pregnant women were recruited at the University Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain, among those delivering from 23 March 2020 onwards or consulting for their 12th week of pregnancy from 26 May 2020 onwards. Information on occupational variables and housing characteristics was self-reported. Pregnant women were tested for a current or past infection of SARS-CoV-2 using both PCR and antibodies detection (ELISA). Logistic regression models were used to analyze factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, adjusting for age and country of origin. Infection by SARS-CoV-2 was not associated with educational level or occupational variables, except for where the pregnant woman was a healthcare worker (odds ratio (OR) = 2.87, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.84–9.79). Housing with four or more rooms (OR = 2.07, 95% CI: 0.96–4.47), four or more people in the household (OR = 1.91, 95% CI: 0.89–4.14), lack of heating (OR = 2.81, 95% CI: 1.24–6.34) and less than 23 square meters per person (OR = 3.97, 95% CI: 1.43–11.1) were the housing characteristics associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Housing characteristics, but not occupational or educational variables, were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Guidelines on the prevention of COVID-19 should reinforce household measures to prevent pregnant women from becoming infected by their relatives.

Energetic and Environmental Aspects of Individual Heat Generation for Sustainable Development at a Local Scale—A Case Study from Poland

The housing sector, especially with respect to energy generation to provide heating and domestic hot water, has been identified, after transport, as contributing the most to air pollution and the occurrence of low emissions in Poland. In particular, this applies to areas where there is a lack of heating and gas networks. This paper presents the results of calculations relating to the emission of atmospheric pollutants (TSP—total suspended particles as particulate matter PM10 and PM2.5, SOx—sulphur dioxide, NOx—nitrogen dioxide, CO—carbon monoxide) from individual sources of heat. The fact that a commune that does not have the network infrastructure, noted above, was taken into consideration, and the structure of heat generation was estimated on the basis of coal, fuel oil and biomass. The analysis was carried out taking into account the variable heat generation structure in households depending on the fuels used, including the heating values of fuels and the efficiency of heating devices. Based on the calculations carried out, an ecological effect was obtained by assuming the replacement of heat sources by devices with higher efficiency and also by considering the possibility of using heat pumps as a zero-emission solution in the households. This article attempts to answer the question posed by municipal authorities on how to limit the negative impact on the environment of individual heating devices in order to achieve sustainable development, including the specific conditions resulting from limited infrastructural opportunities.

«ВІДДАЛЕННЯ Й НЕВИГОДИ ТРАМВАЙНОГО РУХУ ДУЖЕ ПЕРЕШКОДЖАЮТЬ ОДВІДУВАННЮ НАУКОВИХ ЗАКЛАДІВ…»: ПОЖИЛЬЦІ КИЄВО-ПЕЧЕРСЬКОЇ ЛАРВИ 1920-х — ПОЧАТКУ 1930-х рр.

The article deals with the (re)construction of tenant structure of the nationalized living quarters on Kyiv-Pechersk monastery area during 1920s — early 1930s, primarily persons associated with museums and/or the AllUkrainian Academy of Sciences. Their living conditions are outlined. The dependence of the local contingent both from the change of indirect owners of the buildings, (re)subordination of the territory, the formation, restructuring, liquidation of institutions, and from the processes of urbanization, which objectively caused the housing crisis in the USSR is elucidated. Well-known intellectuals of the interwar period lived in the former monastery buildings — archaeologists Petro Kurinnyi and Mykhailo Rudynskyi, an art critic Kost Moshchenko, a restorer Mykola Kasperovych, a cooperation connoisseur Ivan Oleksiiev, etc. The living conditions of Kyiv-Pechersk Preserve dwellers, including white-collar workers, were not ideal during 1920s and early 1930s. The distance of the apartments from the city center made access to research institutions (academic departments, book and museum collections) difficult. Almost everyone faced commonplace problems and trials: adaptation of monastery spaces, current repairs, furnishing of houses, humidity and low temperatures during the autumn-winter period, lack of heating, water supply, drainage, electricity, and other utilities, etc. Besides, Pechersk, the city suburb, was quite dangerous, the local population was often robbed. Families with children faced additional difficulties — providing access to educational institutions. The main part of Kyiv-Pechersk Preserve tenants–intellectuals were newcomers from other cities and towns. Therefore, museum workers and academics changed their apartments quite easily, not only within the so-called Citadel, 9 (Kyiv-Pechersk Preserve) in Kyiv but also within the country.

Analysis of the Croatian vegetables market

Croatian accession to the European Union has increased exposure of domestic vegetable growers to competition from foreign markets making this market more vulnerable. The aim of this study was to determine the situation and problems on the Croatian vegetables market. Based on the method of supply balance sheets this paper analyzes the vegetable market in Croatia in the period from 2010 to 2012. Results showed that Croatia is not self-sufficient in vegetables production (self- sufficiency rate is less than 67%). In the last three years potatoes, tomatoes, carrots, onions and garlic were Croatia’s most important commodities, which made up 66% of the total domestic production of vegetables. Total vegetables human consumption in 2012 amounted to 114.3 kg / per capita (pc), with the highest per capita consumption being for potatoes (44 kg / pc), followed by tomatoes (15.8 kg / pc), onion and garlic (9.9 kg / pc), and carrots (6.7 kg / pc). The domestic vegetable market is characterized by a negative foreign trade balance and dependence on imports. The biggest amount of vegetables is imported from the Netherlands, Italy and Spain. Insufficient domestic vegetable productions is the result of fragmented structure of mostly small family farms, unmanaged production infrastructure, lack of heating and irrigation systems, as well as lack of systems for protection from hail and frost, and lack of storage capacity. Also, one of the biggest problems of Croatian vegetable market is inefficient distribution because growers often do not have the financial and/or organizational ability to act independently in the market which causes high logistics costs. Competitiveness of the Croatian vegetable market can be increased by consolidation and technological modernization of production, and encouraging vertical and horizontal integration of all stakeholders in the supply chain of vegetables.

A Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Conditional External Cardiac Defibrillator for Resuscitation Within the Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scanner Bore.

Subjects undergoing cardiac arrest within a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner are currently removed from the bore and then from the MRI suite, before the delivery of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and defibrillation, potentially increasing the risk of mortality. This precludes many higher-risk (acute ischemic and acute stroke) patients from undergoing MRI and MRI-guided intervention. An MRI-conditional cardiac defibrillator should enable scanning with defibrillation pads attached and the generator ON, enabling application of defibrillation within the seconds of MRI after a cardiac event. An MRI-conditional external defibrillator may improve patient acceptance for MRI procedures. A commercial external defibrillator was rendered 1.5 Tesla MRI-conditional by the addition of novel radiofrequency filters between the generator and commercial disposable surface pads. The radiofrequency filters reduced emission into the MRI scanner and prevented cable/surface pad heating during imaging, while preserving all the defibrillator monitoring and delivery functions. Human volunteers were imaged using high specific absorption rate sequences to validate MRI image quality and lack of heating. Swine were electrically fibrillated (n=4) and thereafter defibrillated both outside and inside the MRI bore. MRI image quality was reduced by 0.8 or 1.6 dB, with the generator in monitoring mode and operating on battery or AC power, respectively. Commercial surface pads did not create artifacts deeper than 6 mm below the skin surface. Radiofrequency heating was within US Food and Drug Administration guidelines. Defibrillation was completely successful inside and outside the MRI bore. A prototype MRI-conditional defibrillation system successfully defibrillated in the MRI without degrading the image quality or increasing the time needed for defibrillation. It can increase patient acceptance for MRI procedures.

AKTIVITAS PEMANASAN DAN PENDINGINAN PADA SISWA EKSTRAKURIKULER OLAHRAGA DI SMP NEGERI SE- KECAMATAN SEMARANG TIMUR KOTA SEMARANG

Purpose of this study was to maximize performance and minimize the risk of injury . This research is a qualitative descriptive analysis of the percentage approach , while the data collection methods used by the researchers are observation, questionnaire, interviews, and documentation. The results of the calculation of the questionnaire showed a general warming up and stretching activities in both categories at all ( 59.71 % ), whereas the activity of specific warming up in enough categories ( 50.36 % ), and activity sufficient warming down in the category ( 48.92 % ). It can be concluded that, activity warming up and warming down in extracurricular sports students in Junior High School as the Kecamatan Semarang Timur is good enough. It's just a lot of factors that make the implementation was not optimal, such as a lack of supervision of the coach when the students warmed up, the lack of knowledge of students about the functions and benefits of warming and cooling, the duration of the activity and the lack of heating and cooling is done.

Solving mould and condensation problems: A dehumidifier trial in a suburban house in Britain

High humidity can lead to condensation and mould formation if a house is well sealed and indoor temperatures fall significantly during the night. Solutions that have been offered are to keep heaters on throughout the night, to increase the thickness of insulation, or to install heat-exchange ventilators. These solutions are expensive. The cultural practice of heating homes to around 20 °C during the day and evening has been challenged, but lack of heating will not prevent natural temperature swings. A more direct solution is to remove the moisture from the air using a dehumidifier. This study reports a controlled 28-night trial of a dehumidifier in a suburban UK home in winter. The machine drew an average of 680 ml of water out of the air each night and consumed around 1 kW of electrical energy per night, with a high correlation between volume of water collected and energy consumed. Occupants reported that the previously severe condensation problem was solved, and measurements showed that the latent heat of the collected moisture also increased the ambient temperature. The estimated cost of running the machine for half the nights of the year is €28, an order of magnitude cheaper than other solutions.

농촌지역 독거노인주택의 겨울철 실내환경 실태

The purposes of this study were to determine the actual state of indoor environments of solitary elderly houses in the rural district during winter and to analyze the relationship between the influencing factors and indoor physical elements. Field surveys consisted of measurements of physical elements, observations of living factors, and resident`s responses in interviews. Field surveys were carried out in 4 houses from of February to of March 2008. The elements measured were air temperature, relative humidity, floor temperature, seating-place temperature, CO2 concentration, CO concentration, and illumination. The results showed that the average indoor temperature for houses was , relative humidity was 30.6~55.4%, floor temperature was , temperature when seated was , concentration was 1434.6~3305.5 ppm, CO concentration was 2.8~8.4 ppm, and illumination was 31.0~96.7 lux. The residents` clothing values were 1.10~1.78 clo. The environment was evaluated as being in an unsuitable state, and it was revealed that the main reason was the lack of heating and ventilation.

Neonatal pig brain: lack of heating during Doppler US.

To evaluate potential local brain-heating effects of Doppler ultrasound (US) at high power output settings. After craniotomy, a temperature probe was inserted into deep white matter or basal ganglia in 12 anesthetized newborn piglets. The range gate and focal zone were placed directly over the temperature sensor. Brain and core (rectal) temperatures were measured before and during 5 minutes of continuous transdural duplex or color Doppler US, with transmitter power output settings of less than 500 mW in situ spatial peak temporal average or less than 800 mW in situ spatial peak temporal average. Temperature also was measured during administration of a US contrast agent with duplex US at less than 500 mW in situ spatial peak temporal average and after death at the same output setting. Maximal differences between the baseline and the post-US temperatures were, on average, less than 0.3 degree C (P > .5) and were highly correlated with changes in core temperature (r = .9, P < .001). Addition of the contrast agent did not result in focal brain heating during pulsed Doppler US (P > .6). There was no association between an increase in estimated power output and brain temperature change (P = .9). In addition, brain ischemia (postmortem exposure) was not associated with focal brain heating during pulsed Doppler US. Transfontanellar Doppler US alone or with administration of a contrast agent does not produce statistically significant focal brain heating at high transmitter power levels.

Resonant absorption of electromagnetic waves in a non-uniformly magnetized plasma

The propagation and collisionless absorption of electromagnetic waves propagating in non-uniformly magnetized plasmas with regions of cyclotron resonance are computed. The particle dynamics associated with motion in a non-uniform magnetic field near cyclotron resonance is considered explicitly. Above a critical plasma density complete wave absorption is predicted. At high plasma densities particles with high velocities along the field lines are heated preferentially whereas at lower densities the slower particles gain more energy per particle from the wave. At high densities the wave is attenuated by the high energy tail of the velocity distribution; this dissipation is shown to be consistent with the uniform field results of Stix. The lack of heating observed in Princeton ioncyclotron wave absorption experiments is resolved by considering the wave launching efficiency.