Lack Of Funding Research Articles

Assessing the Performance of Small-Scale Industries in the Tamale Metropolis in the Northern Region of Ghana

This study assessed the performance of small-scale industries (SSIs) in the Tamale Metropolis of the northern region. Simple random sampling technique was used to sample one hundred and sixty (160) respondents who were administered with questionnaires. Out of the 160 respondents, 154 of them responded to the questionnaire constituting a response rate of 96%. On the effects of insufficient finance on the performance of SSIs, most of the respondents used their own personal savings to set-up their industries with a few getting financial support from government agencies such as National Board for small scale industries (NBSSI), GRATIS Project, Technology Transfer Centre, and Ghana Enterprises Development Commission and banks. The results also revealed that lack of finance was the major constrain to the growth of SSIs. Again on the effect of managerial skills on the performance of SSIs, many of the respondents indicated that their industries are been managed by their own boss with employees as supporting staff and that cost of equipment/raw materials were the major obstacles that management team of SSIs face. In investigating the effects of inadequate equipment and technology of SSIs, most of the respondents indicated that they could not buy the required equipment and use ICT and advance technology in the operations of their firms. Only 20.8% of the respondents had access to technical support (training) and many of them too have not registered or acquired the appropriate license for their operations. The study recommended that government agencies like NBSSI, GRATIS Project, and Technology Transfer Centre should assist owners of SSIs to buy the required equipment to grow their firms. There should also be frequent technical support training programmes to help SSIs owners and encourage them to register and acquire the appropriate license for their operations.

Non-adherence to Anti-diabetic Prescriptions Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.

Treatment adherence is a primary key in controlling diabetes disease. The study aims to determine the prevalence of treatment adherence in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, investigate the potential influence of adherence on elevated blood glucose levels, and identify the key factors which play a role in non-adherence to the prescribed drugs. A cross-sectional study method was utilized to collect data from all T2DM patients at the Diabetic and Endocrine Centre and Shar Hospital inSulaymaniyah city in the Kurdistan region of Iraq from February 2022 to April 2022. The data collection was performed through a structured questionnaire. The prevalence of drug adherence was assessed using the Morisky Medication-Taking Adherence Scale (4-item), and the glycated hemoglobin test (A1C) was used to determine the blood glucose level. A total of 300 participants were studied, and more than half of them (192; 64%) revealed that they did not adhere to their anti-diabetic medications. Non-adherence was significantly associated with higher A1C. Several barriers to non-adherence were identified as multiple medications, feeling the dose given is high, lack of finance, and side effects by 209 (70%), 116 (39%), 113 (38%), and 103 (34%), respectively. The current study's result revealed that most T2DM patients have no adherence to their medication. This non-adherence is significantly linked to higher A1C levels, emphasizing the critical role of medication compliance in managing diabetes effectively. The study also sheds light on the multiple barriers such as taking multiple prescriptions, the perception that the dose is excessive, lack of finances, and experiencing side effects, which contribute to non-adherence among diabetes patients. These findings underscore the need for healthcare providers to address these barriers and develop tailored strategies to enhance medication adherence among individuals with diabetes.

Prevalence and characteristics of medical emergency teams in Switzerland: a nationwide survey of intensive care units.

Medical Emergency Teams (METs) have been implemented in many hospitals worldwide and are considered an integral part of the hospital patient safety system. However, data on prevalence, staffing and activation criteria of METs are scarce. Such data are important as they may help to identify areas of quality improvement and barriers to implementation of rapid response systems (RRS). This survey aimed to analyze current characteristics, prevalence, and organization of METs in Switzerland. We conducted a cross-sectional nationwide online survey, inviting physicians' and nurses' representatives from all registered adult intensive care units (ICU) in Switzerland. Of the 74 hospitals invited to participate in the survey, 57 responded (response rate 77%). We obtained 82 individual responses (from 50 physicians and 32 nurses). Twenty-five hospitals (44%) have a MET in place. In most Swiss hospitals, METs are composed of ICU consultants (64%) and ICU nurses (40%) and are activated by phone, with a usual response time of less than 10 minutes. The most common triggers are single abnormal vital signs (80%), while multiple-parameter warning scores are less commonly used (28%). While more than half of the nurses have regular trainings for their MET members (57%), most MET physicians (63%) do not. Systematic data collection of MET calls occurs in only 43% of institutions. Finally, the most common reasons for not having a MET are staff shortage (44%) and lack of funding (19%). Less than 50% of Swiss hospitals with an adult ICU have a MET in place. METs in Switzerland typically include an ICU doctor and an ICU nurse and are available 24/7. Major barriers to MET introduction are staff shortage and lack of funding.

Financing ecosystem restoration

The global community has outlined ambitious ecosystem restoration targets. Yet implementation is slow, and a lack of funding is a key barrier to upscaling restoration activities. Most restoration projects are funded by public institutions and recent high-level initiatives have emphasised the need to scale private finance in restoration. Private finance can be channelled into restoration through various financial mechanisms but is held back by a lack of return-making investment opportunities. Various institutions have now been created to commodify previously non-market ecosystem services and make them investable, most prominently voluntary carbon markets and biodiversity compliance market-like mechanisms, such as biodiversity-offsetting systems targeting the achievement of 'no net loss' of biodiversity for a given regulated sector. However, attracting private finance into restoration comes with risks, as private finance objectives in restoration often are misaligned with wider social and ecological objectives. Private finance mechanisms to date have tended to underinvest in monitoring and impact evaluation mechanisms and to favour investments in cost-effective nature-based solutions such as plantation monocultures over naturally regenerated ecosystems. Many technological and institutional solutions have been proposed, but these cannot mitigate all risks. Therefore, scaling of ecosystem restoration through market-like mechanisms requires substantial fundamental investments in governance and civil society oversight to ensure that ecological integrity and social equity is safeguarded. Here, we outline the high-level policy landscape driving restoration finance and explore the roles and potential of both public and private investment in restoration. We explain how some common mechanisms for drawing private investment into restoration work in practice. Then, we discuss some of the shortcomings of past private finance initiatives for ecosystem restoration and highlight essential lessons for how to safeguard the ecological and social outcomes of private investments in ecosystem restoration.

Computer-aided Instruction, Learning Styles and Academic Achievement: Interplay Towards Understanding of Philippine Literature for Grade 7 Students

In the current era of education, the utilization of computer-based materials is widespread and has become more common as years pass by. The researcher aims to determine the effectiveness of teaching literature using computer-based materials as a strategy in teaching Philippine literature to Grade 7 students. This study seeks to compare the level of learning in terms of knowledge and practical skills acquisition and craftsmanship between learners using computer-based instructional materials and those using print- based instructional materials in teaching Philippine Literature. A quasi-experimental design is highly appropriate and considered to be effective for this research because it uses the pre-testing and post-testing of the respondents about the investigation at hand. Findings showed that the students always use visual (spatial) learning styles as they prefer to learn using pictures, images, and spatial understanding. In addition, the results revealed that the pupils’ performance was improved with Computer-Aided Instruction (CAI). In line with this. the participants also showed preference to different methods such as the usage of DVD Video and social networking sites like Facebook for educational purposes. However, the research also uncovered setbacks to the ease of using computer-aided instructions. According to the participants, these difficulties include the availability of hardware and software, lack of funds, computer illiteracy, and attitudes of teachers.

The Construction of Two-tier Equity Structure of Joint Stock Companies in China from the Perspective of Green Finance

In this modern era business and changing landscapes, the construction of a two-tier equity structure within Chinese joint stock companies has proved to be a very innovative and augmented strategy. This paper scrutinizes the unorthodox integration of financial architecture and ecological sustainability by evaluation of this structure through the lens of green finance. The interlacing of the principles of environmental responsibility with mainframes of corporate governance enlightens the unique dynamics and outcomes of the two-tier equity model. This study comprehensively analyses and elucidates how this mainframe facilitates the shareholder interests as they align with long-term ecological objectives. This in turn cultivates a promising environment for sustainable development. As we draw onto the theoretical calculations and perspective supplemented with empirical evidences, this research study gives birth to amenable perspectives that the green finance has the potential to transform the Chinese context by shaping the future trajectory of corporate structures. Using a dataset consisting of Chinese publicly traded companies from 2001-2017, this study investigates how a lack of funding has led to a scarcity of environmentally friendly technologies in China. We also investigate how green finance laws help businesses overcome financial hurdles on the road to eco-friendly innovation. It has been observed that a company's capacity for green innovation decreases as its financial constraints grow, and that privately held businesses are at greater danger of this happening than government-owned ones.

Enhancing Collaboration and Support for the French Scientific Diaspora in the United States

The French scientific diaspora in the United States (US) is a diverse community of professionals, essential for France and the host country. Their contribution to science and innovation, in both nations, stem from bilateral collaborations and knowledge exchange. Yet, while living abroad, this group of scientists faces multiple obstacles that can interfere with their productivity and influence. This report highlights the necessity of determining how numerous stakeholders can support and actively engage with this diaspora. To identify the needs of the French scientific community in the US, data was collected during seven interviews with diaspora network managers and analyzed various aspects defining the landscape of the community: the challenges and concerns it faces, the benefits of engaging in a diaspora network, and the opportunities to support these networks. These findings enumerate the difficulties encountered by the diaspora members and the networks themselves, ranging from lack of funding and administrative roadblocks to visibility and long-term sustainability issues. Moreover, the report underscores that involvement with other international diaspora networks considerably expands and diversifies professional connections, facilitating the exchange of experiences and best practices between networks. This analysis emphasizes the needs of the French scientific diaspora and the incentives and actions for supporting it, facilitating the establishment of a set of strategic recommendations for the European Union (EU), France, and the US. Furthermore, it proposes a series of measures to improve communication and collaboration, among French scientific diaspora networks and their international counterparts. Ultimately, by providing an in-depth comprehension of the French scientific diaspora in the US and establishing recommendations to foster these networks, this report paves the way for a more interconnected future, extending beyond the scientific sphere. Additionally, this study can serve as a guide for other scientific diasporas in the US or other regions of the world.

Emerging Role of Green Banking Practices in the Environmental Performance of Pakistan’s Commercial Banks

From the recent years, researchers and other professional practitioners are emphasizing attention on green banking practices all over the world due to increasing effects on environment by their performances. The objective of this study is to analyze the impact of green banking practices on environmental performance of Pakistan’s commercial banks. Data was collected from the primary source as per the set explanatory research design based on quantitative research methodology. Simple and step wise multiple regression analyses have been performed to test the set hypotheses of this study. Descriptive and reliability analysis have been performed. A sample size of 202 bankers have been selected by using convenience sampling. The results concluded that promotions of e-banking and green policy posed the significant impact on bank’s environmental performance while training of the employees and lack of funds & energy crises remained insignificantly impactful. The main findings of the paper propound the role of banks and government in stimulating environmentally substantial and sustainable policies and technologies as exceedingly salient for increasing bank’s reputation and awareness among customers regarding green banking and positive influence by their practices.

Assessment of Waste Management Practices among Residents of Benue South

This study aims to assess waste management practices among residents of Benue South employing a descriptive cross-sectional approach. This involves investigating the sources and types of waste generated, the disposal methods used, residents’ perceptions of current waste management practices, and the problems associated with these practices. Through a multi-stage sampling technique, a total of 440 residents were randomly selected and assessed using self and interviewer-administered questionnaires. The major types of household waste generated included food residues, agricultural waste, vegetables, ash, plastics, papers, and urine/excreta. Poor waste management practices were prevalent; 87% of residents engaging in open dumping and 88.6% resorting to burning. The primary challenges identified were lack of waste collection services, lack of funding, lack of environmental awareness, and ineffective enforcement of waste management regulations. The study revealed that the current waste management practices were not satisfactory, as majority of respondents reported encountering environmental problems, such as odors and leachate pollution. The study identified gender-specific differences in awareness, knowledge, and attitude towards waste management practices. Education, income, and age were found to significantly impact awareness, knowledge, and attitude in waste management. Based on the results of the study, it is recommended that the local government should provide more adequate waste collection services, create awareness campaigns to educate the public on the importance of proper waste management, and strengthen the enforcement of existing waste management regulations. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the waste management practices in Benue South.

Research practice, satisfaction, motivation, and challenges among university academics in Kurdistan Region of Iraq.

Researchers in universities and academic institutions must be in a leading position in generating research evidence to inform and direct national policies and strategies, improve service delivery, and achieve the main objectives. This study aimed to determine the factors that promote or hinder research productivity and quality among university academics in Kurdistan Region of Iraq. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 949 university academics from all public universities in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The authors developed a questionnaire that included sociodemographic data, challenges, satisfaction, and motivation for conducting research. Data were collected using a Google form. Frequencies, percentages, and the Chi-square test were used to analyze the data. Most university academics (94.6%) believed that research was part of their job, but only 51.6% were satisfied with their role as academic researchers. The lack of financial motivation was the main reason for dissatisfaction, while the main incentive to conduct research was the passion for science. Around 21% of the university academics had not published any research, while 53.1% published 1-5 articles. Half of the participants (49.7%) lacked training in writing research proposals, and the majority (86.1%) have not applied for international grants. Approximately half of university academics (46.9%) shared their research findings with stakeholders, and the primary method was by sharing their published papers (59.4%), followed by seminars (42.2%). One of the important challenges in conducting research was the lack of funding (62.8%). The academics at universities in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq are passionate about their role as researchers, but face many challenges in conducting effective research. A strategic plan is needed to provide an encouraging environment for university academics regarding infrastructure, financial, and technical support. More studies are needed to identify the root factors of academic staff needs and challenges.

Cultural Aid and the Cultural Cold War: The Origins of the Ford Foundation's entry into Burma

After the beginning of the Cold War, an unprecedented consensus on the Cold War was formed in the United States. Civil organizations represented by the Ford Foundation deeply participated in the cultural Cold War led by the U.S. government through the way of identity reconstruction. In consideration of the Cold War, the Ford Foundation from the very beginning directed a large amount of funds and cultural projects to Asia, rather than to Europe and Latin America, which were traditionally close to the United States. Burma received early attention from the Ford Foundation because of its unique location. At the same time, the government of Burma was trying to maintain national unity and stability by reviving Buddhism, but was struggling with a lack of funds. So the government invited the Ford Foundation to help fund its Pali Project. While the latter agreed to provide cultural assistance to Burma, the ultimate goal was to enhance the understanding and identity of the Burmese people with Western culture, so as to better serve the US Cold War project.

‘This is not a drill’: Police and partnership preparedness for consequences of the climate crisis

This scoping study investigates the state of preparedness of the police and their partners for the potential consequences of the climate crisis in a United Kingdom (UK) context. The research engaged participants at strategic, tactical and operational levels of planning and operations, and conducted a thematic analysis of qualitative data to identify key themes: climate change impacts; why the police should care; prioritisation and preparation; and enabling and impeding factors. The results suggest that the police and their partners may be ill-prepared for the gamut of possible consequences. Preparedness appears hampered by a narrow focus on legislated requirements, short-term planning, lack of funding and resources, and limited prescience. Recommendations are made for redefining planning parameters, strengthening central government engagement, amplifying awareness and understanding of trend analyses, prioritisation of ‘futures’ thinking, ethical considerations and collaborative preparedness. The study has implications for law, public policy and professional practice in the UK, and other global jurisdictions seeking to develop risk assessment processes and preparedness for the consequences of climate change.

Profiling national institutional archetypes for climate change technology implementation: application in small islands and least developed countries

In developing countries, when the implementation success of new climate adaptation and mitigation technologies fall short of expectations, the typical “suspects” cited are lack of funding or country expertise and allusions to “lack of institutional capacity.” The premise of this study is that the national institutional environment is the fundamental prerequisite for successful technology implementation, and despite much effort, a diagnostic approach to assessing this prerequisite is missing. Here, I propose an approach to do this, based on an understanding of the dynamics that interconnect country-level legal, regulatory and market mechanisms, societal norms, and inter/intra governmental structures. I estimate levels of country structural and systems supports, operating environment, implementer acceptance and country tractability. A preliminary test of the approach was completed through a survey of experts involved in the United Nations Technology Needs Assessment programs in Least Developed and Small Island Developing Countries. It was found that countries fall into four fundamental archetypes. A country’s archetype suggests characteristics of the institutional environment that help to explain the potential for technology implementation success. A further implication is that some countries that typically would not be considered very similar may possess similar country institutional environments. One consequence of this is that archetype-based groups could work together and learn from each other more effectively.

Crossbreeding and its implication for small-scale animal agriculture in Africa: Outcomes, both positive and negative, and future prospects

<p>African animal genetic resources are diverse and have been the subject of crossbreeding for decades to improve local livestock and poultry populations. However, the literature on crossbreeding performance has been inconsistent, with many projects failing due to various reasons. This has led to mixed support and criticism for crossbreeding in small-scale animal agriculture. The review examines the achievements, problems, and future prospects for livestock and poultry genetic improvement through crossbreeding in Africa’s small-scale animal agriculture. Community-based Breeding Practices (CBBP) can be seen as a community livestock development strategy that mobilizes local animal genetic resources and boosts smallholder livestock producers’ ability to collaborate in resource-scarce communities. Genome sequencing is seen as the future cornerstone of promoting crossbreeding in Africa, but it should be based on consideration of the socioeconomic context of small-scale animal husbandry and local livestock production conditions. Smallholder farmers, who are the major custodians of local animal biodiversity, have faced challenges such as genotype and environmental interaction, lack of funding, poor laws, and lack of farmer participation. In conclusion, the review highlights the importance of phenomics and genomic prediction in improving animal genetic resources in Africa, but it also emphasizes the need for further research and development in this area. The study suggests that modern breeding technologies (genomics and phenomics) and training of smallholder livestock farmers in improved animal husbandry management practices can be used to enhance food and nutrition security for African rural households. This review examines the effects of crossbreeding through the decades on small-scale livestock farming in Africa, including positive and negative outcomes as well as future implications.<strong></strong></p>

Persistent environmental lead exposures disrupting black children’s neurodevelopment and quality of life trajectories: an under-recognized ACE in the hole

Persistent environmental lead exposures disrupting black children’s neurodevelopment and quality of life trajectories: an under-recognized ACE in the hole

ANALYSIS OF FACTORS INFLUENCING THE RETURNS ON BROILERS PRODUCTION IN UYO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF AKWA IBOM STATE, NIGERIA

The study analysed the factors influencing the returns on broilers production in Uyo Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 100 poultry farmers practicing deep litter system for the study. The data were obtained from a cross-sectional survey of broiler farmers in the study area. The study revealed that male farmers (52%) dominated the broiler production in the study area. The total cost of broilers production was N786,303.60 while the total revenue was N1,430,329.8. The gross margin and net farm income were N 682,052.76 and N 644,026.20 respectively. The study also revealed that the high cost of feed accounted for 80.18% of the total cost of broilers production inversely affected the profitability of broilers production in the study area. The study also reaved that, despite the high cost of feeds deep litter system of broilers production is profitable as depicted by the net farm income of N 644,026.20. Besides, the return on a naira invested was N 0.819 implying that for every N1 invested 81.9k was return as profit. The study concluded that high cost of feeds and lack of funds are the major factors influencing the returns on broilers production in the study area. Based on the findings, it was therefore recommended; Subsidy on feed cost, simple procedures for credit facilities, increase in flock size to enhance profitability, Provision of adequate incentives and financial services to farmers for increase productivity, as well as stoppage of the arbitrary fees levied such as environmental fee, business premises fee and other levies that were introduced by the local government authorities to restore sanity and create a conducive environment for investment in poultry industry.

Post-Paris agreement negotiations: A commitment to multilateralism despite the lack of funding

This paper identifies which topics of negotiation are providing momentum for climate negotiations after the Paris Agreement and to what extent. To do so, it examines the main requests that developing countries have expressed through different negotiation groups between 2017 and 2023. To measure the progression of climate negotiations, the paper identifies whether those requests have been translated into COP decisions. This is done through discourse analysis contained in numerous daily reports of COPs, summaries, and official decisions. In this research, COP decisions are defined as the expression of collective negotiations in the UNFCCC system, and as decisions with political consequences. The paper identifies advancements on twenty-nine issues in areas like gender, loss and damage, facilitative dialogue, adaptation, and the acceleration of finance flows to small-island developing states. Eighteen issues have been identified as acknowledged in COP decisions, but not fully addressed. These correspond mainly to finance-related items and the commitment to contributing US$100 billion to climate mitigation. Sixteen issues have been identified as ignored in the COP decisions examined. The conclusions suggest that there is agreement on creating new frameworks to allow further discussions on important topics brought to the table by developing states, but there is no real agreement on increasing funding in a significant way. Also, conclusions underline that despite the lack of sufficient funding, commitment to fighting climate change has not declined over time, and states continue to prefer multilateral negotiations to working outside the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change mandate.

Fresh or dry maize or both: Which is most economical and preferred by farmers?

As a staple crop of great importance in sub-Saharan Africa, maize is essential for the production of food for humans and animals, particularly in the raising of poultry and livestock. Smallholder farmers in Ghana are the main producers of maize, and they frequently have difficulties in turning their crop into a sustainable source of income. As a result, there is an increasing need for these farmers to look into other options such as switching from traditional dry maize production to growing fresh maize. This circumstance calls for a critical analysis to ascertain whether producing for fresh or dry maize markets yields higher profitability. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to estimate the profitability of Ghana's fresh and dry maize markets, examine the factors influencing farmers' market choices as well as rank the production constraints. Data was collected from 390 maize farmers using questionnaires. Gross margin analysis, multinomial logit regression and Kendall's Coefficient of Concordance, were the methods of analysis. According to the study, fresh maize yields a profit of 78.00 pesewas for every GH¢ 1.00 invested, both alternatives generate 71.00 pesewas, and dry maize yields 67.00 pesewas. This implies that even though all three businesses are profitable, fresh maize cultivation stands out as the most lucrative. The results of the multinomial logit regression analysis showed that the choice of maize production systems is influenced by socioeconomic characteristics, farming experience, and loan availability. The Kendall's Coefficient of Concordance analysis confirms consensus on constraints, with lack of finance, pest issues, poor roads, and low maize prices as key challenges. According to the report, farmers may increase their profits by diversifying their crops to include the fresh maize market. Additionally, the government could assist these farmers by making financing more accessible to them through collaborations with financial institutions and specially designed agricultural loan programs.

Opportunities and Challenges of Qualitative Research in Academic Health Sciences in Ethiopia

Background. The goal of qualitative research is to learn more about the opinions and experiences of the subjects being studied in relation to a particular question. There is a paucity of information on opportunities and challenges encountered to conduct qualitative research among the academic staffs in the health sciences. The purpose of this study was to examine the opportunities and challenges of conducting qualitative research among academic staff of health sciences in Ethiopia. Methods. A descriptive qualitative study design was conducted among health sciences academic staffs of selected public universities in Ethiopia. The study was conducted at three universities’ health sciences colleges, namely, Addis Ababa University, Dilla University, and Wolaita Sodo University. Data were collected using focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, and key informant interviews. MAXQDA 2020 software was used for coding and data management. A thematic analysis approach was followed to present the results. Both inductive and deductive coding approaches were used. Results. Three main themes have been identified as follows: general research practice, opportunities for qualitative research, and challenges to conduct qualitative research. Participants indicated that the availability of research opportunities will have a good impact on qualitative research engagement. Availability of grants, funding, and other incentives and demand for qualitative research in healthcare were described as opportunities for qualitative research practice. Despite the available opportunities, study participants uncovered different challenges that encountered by health academic staffs in conducting qualitative research. Resource limitations, lack of knowledge, negative attitudes or beliefs, publication, and language issues were raised as main challenges. Conclusion. Qualitative research practices were found to be low among health sciences academics. Lack of resources, training, and expertise, problems associated with publication, a lack of funding, and a shortage of experts were the main challenges in conducting qualitative research in health sciences academic settings in Ethiopia.

How has blended learning impacted tourism and hospitality graduates in employability? Feedback from graduates and tourism industry employers

PurposeThe aim of this empirical research is to define blended learning (BL) in the context of tourism education and discuss its effectiveness in learning and, upon completion, the employability of graduates in due cause.Design/methodology/approachThe qualitative research consists of 22 in-depth interviews with experts from the tourism industry and graduates. The sampling method was purposive (judgmental), and open-ended questions were asked in order to encourage the interviewee to be expressive and to share their views and opinions on what the impact of the BL program has been.FindingsThe study found that the most significant obstacles were a lack of funding, a lack of cooperation from the local and various levels of government and a lack of knowledge about sustainable tourism product development among local residents.Originality/valueDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, the majority of the tourism schools and university departments have developed a combination of mixed learning to include online, classroom and sector experience, which can be summarized as BL. This research suggests that BL has provided for a blend of skills and, as a result, employable graduates.