Lack Of Family Support Research Articles

Relationship between Family Support and Family Burden in Families With Cancer: Meta-Analysis

Background: Cancer is a chronic disease caused by abnormal cell growth with special care needs that cause a burden on the family. Family support can have a significant impact on family burden. Adequate support from family members can lighten the burden on individuals or families and improve their overall well-being. This study aimed to estimate the relationship between family support on family burden in families with cancer obtained from several previous similar studies.Subjects and Method: This research was conducted using a systematic review and meta-analysis with PICO namely, Population: family with cancer; Intervention: good family support; Comparison: Lack of family support; Outcome: family burden. By searching articles in 4 databases namely PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and ProQuest published from 2014 to 2022, entering the following keywords “Family support” OR “Supportive Family” AND “Family Burden” OR “Family depresssion” AND “Chronic Disease” AND “Cancer” AND “Multivariate Analysis”. Articles were selected using PRISMA flow and data analysis using the Review Manager 5.3 application.Results: There 9 articles using the Cross-Sectional study design with a total sample of 2,832 subjects from India, Japan, USA, Swiss, Austria, Yunani, Germany, and Mexico which have been subject to systematic review and meta-analysis. The results showed that good family support are effective in decreasing family burden, and the results are statistically significant. Families with cancer who receive good family support are decrease family burden 0.57 times than families with cancer receive lack family support (aOR= 0.57; 95% CI= 0.38 to 0.85; p= 0.006).Conclusion: Good family support are effective in decreasing family burden.Keywords: family support, family burden, chronic disease, cancer.Correspondence: Sang Ayu Made Adyani. Nursing Department, Faculty of Health, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta. Jl. RS. Fatmawati Raya, Pd. Labu, Cilandak, Depok, West Java. Email: adyani.sangayu@upnvj.ac.id. Mobile: +62 819-3206-5946.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2023), 08(02): 169-178https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2023.08.02.06

Implementasi Rehabilitasi Medis dan Sosial Terhadap Narapidana Narkotika Pada Lembaga Pemasyarakatan

One of the development activities for inmates is the provision of medical rehabilitation and social rehabilitation for drug offenders. Implementation of medical and social rehabilitation for drug offenders at Class II B Gunung Sugih Prison in accordance with Director General of Prisons Order No. PAS-36.OT.02.02 of 2020 about Correctional Service Standards is the focus of this research. This study examines the adoption of medical and social rehabilitation programs for drug offenders. What obstacles impede the implementation of medical and social rehabilitation programs for drug offenders? This study employs a normative and empirical legal methodology. The findings indicate: The execution of medical and social rehabilitation for drug convicts begins with an assessment of the client's concerns so that medical and social rehabilitation can be applied promptly. Acceptance occurs after determining the nature of the client's problem, as well as his or her physical, psychological, social psychological, and level of expertise, while simultaneously assigning the client to several sorts of programs. The purpose of social and skill mentoring is to improve client interaction patterns, preserve emotional stability, build a sense of responsibility and discipline, and foster the desire to become a better individual. Insufficient medical equipment and infrastructure of buildings and special rooms prevent medical and social rehabilitation from taking place. There are drug users in prison who suffer from serious diseases and a lack of family support.

A tripartite understanding of experiences of young apprentices: A case study of the London Borough of Hounslow.

In 2019, a decline in apprenticeship starts prompted the London Borough of Hounslow to make an apprenticeship pledge in its Corporate Plan 2019-2024, committing to create 4,000 new apprenticeships and training opportunities to help young people into work. This article investigates experiences of young apprentices in Hounslow before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Exploring the perspectives of two apprentices, two employers and one training provider in a small-scale qualitative study, the authors identify key hindering and supporting factors affecting entry into and sustainability of apprenticeships, and progression towards professional employment. They found that labour market entry was intensely hindered by competition (with peers who had better maths and English qualifications, for a small number of apprenticeships) and organisational barriers (such as managers with prejudices against young people, stigmatising apprentices and apprenticeships). Supportive factors identified include personal characteristics (such as a positive mindset, enabling young people to persevere despite a disadvantaged socioeconomic background and lack of family support, for example) and supportive relationships (e.g. mentoring) between apprentices and their training providers or employers.

Colorectal cancer survivors’ experiences of return-to-work: A meta-synthesis of qualitative studies

This review is to explore the relevant experience of colorectal cancer survivors' return-to-work, reintegrating and analyzing the promoting factors and obstacles of colorectal cancer survivors' return-to-work. This review followed PRISMA List. Databases including the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, EM base, CINAHL, APA PsycInfo, Wangfang Database, CNKI and CBM from inception to October 2022 were searched to collect qualitative studies in the experience of colorectal cancer survivors' return-to-work. Article selection and data extraction were conducted by two researchers used the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool for qualitative researches (2016) in Australia. Seven studies were included, the thirty-four themes distilled from the literature were grouped into eleven new categories and summed into two integrated findings: (1) facilitators to return-to-work for colorectal cancer survivors: desire and expectation for return-to-work and social dedication, economic needs, support and tolerance from employers and colleagues, work suggestions provided by professionals, health insurance policy of the workplace. (2) obstacles to return-to-work for colorectal cancer survivors: physical problems, psychological barriers, lack of family support, negative attitudes of employers and colleagues, limited information and resources available from professionals, Imperfection of related policies. This study shows that colorectal cancer survivors' return-to-work is influenced by many factors. We should pay attention to and avoid obstacles, help colorectal cancer survivors recover their physical functions and maintain a positive psychological state, improve the social support for colorectal cancer survivors to return-to-work, so as to achieve comprehensive rehabilitation as soon as possible.

Reading the schoolchild: teacher perspectives on equality under Danish inclusion reform policies

ABSTRACT The Nordic education system centers ideologically on the idea that schools should be comprehensive and ‘for all’. A central dilemma however exists between ‘including all’ while still finding the means to differentiate in the same school. This article explores how the concept of the child has materialised into particular figurations of the schoolchild, by examining what produces the boundary-making practice between the normal schoolchild and the not-fully-schoolchild. The empirical example used for the analysis constitutes debates regarding two educational reforms in 1993 and 2014 targeting the Municipal primary and lower secondary school [Folkeskolen] in Denmark.Using posthuman theory and critical childhood studies, I explore how teachers debate the differences associated with inclusion and exclusion. The analysis shows that the figurations of the not-fully-schoolchild are intertwined with ideas of irreparable damage, lack of family support, and being harmful to themselves and other pupils. The not-fully-schoolchild has problems greater than their teachers and school can handle and therefore cannot be included in mainstream education. The figuration of the normal schoolchild does not include those with behavioural and emotional problems, and the effects of not viewing such children as fully schoolchildren involve the risk of exclusion from everyday school life.

Do we have an “anti-stigmotic”? – Addressing Mental-Illness Related Stigma as the main issue

IntroductionFor people with mental illness, internalized stigma, also referred to as self-stigma, is characterized by a subjective perception of devaluation, marginalization, secrecy, shame, and withdrawal. It has many adverse effects on individual’s psychological well-being and clinical outcomes. The iatrogenic effects it has during psychotherapeutic treatment can significantly reduce utilization of mental health care services, reduce quality of life and increase avoidant coping. Overall, internalized stigma is considered a risk factor for poorer mental health prognosis. Although some interventions have recently been developed to specifically intervene on this target as part of psychological recovery goals over the course of treatment, most clinicians are not yet aware or empowered to correctly address this.ObjectivesDescription of a clinical case illustrating the relevance on addressing internalized mental illness related stigma during the recovery process.MethodsClinical case report and review of the literature on the subject.ResultsWe present the case of a 47-year-old female patient, C.S., single, graduated in social work (currently unemployed), who was admitted at the Psychiatry Day Hospital, where she was referred by her Psychiatry Assistant because of abulia, social withdrawal and isolation, depressed mood, thoughts of shame, guilt and self-devaluation and work incapacity. She had been admitted in the Psychiatry ward one year earlier for a first psychotic breakthrough, presenting persecutory and grandiose delusions and auditory hallucinations. After three weeks of inpatient treatment with antipsychotics, a full remission of the symptoms was achieved, without any posterior relapse. Before that first psychotic episode, the patient had been taking anti-depressive medication (escitalopram 20 mg id) for many years, prescribed by her General Practitioner, for mild to moderate depressive symptoms. After being discharged from the Psychiatry ward, C. kept following an outpatient treatment with anti-depressives and behavioural activation-based psychotherapy. She started to believe she was mentally ill and therefore weak, uncapable, and less deserving than her peers or her previous self. These self-stigmatizing ideas were enhanced by the lack of family support and the beliefs that were fostered by her mother, with whom she started to live after the hospitalization. These factors led to a dysfunctional internalization of an illness behaviour, jeopardizing the patient’s ability to reach full recovery.ConclusionsThis case reinforces the importance of targeting mental illness related stigma during the recovery process. Also, involving the family is of extreme importance to achieve support and address shared beliefs and the interchange between social and internalized stigma.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of Working Nurses at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh

The psychological consequences of corona virus disease (COVID- 19) pandemic on health care professionals specially working nurses were serious due to their higher exposure. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of covid-19 pandemic on the mental health among working nurses. This institutional based cross sectional study was conducted at Bangabandhu Sheik Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from July 2020 to June 2021. A total of 120 nurses, working in different units of BSMMU Hospital were included. Data were collected by face-to-face interview. The depression, anxiety and stress scale- 21 (DASS- 21) was used to assess the psychological impact of COVID- 19 on nurses. The prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among working nurses was 25.8%, 44.2% and 64.1% respectively. Nurses working in the day shift duties, having no infection prevention training, lack of family support and excess work load were the factors significantly associated with depression (p<0.05). While contact with confirmed cases and unavailability of infection prevention training were the factors that significantly increase the risk of developing anxiety (p<0.05). On the other hand; lack of infection prevention training, excess work load and worries about bringing the virus at home were the factors significantly associated with developing stress among the nurses (p<0.05). This study concluded that the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among nurses working in COVID-19 pandemic was high. Severity of stress was higher than anxiety and depression. Different risk factors were significantly associated with developing these mental disorders.

COVID-19 and online distance learning in Malaysia: A blessing or a curse?

This study intends to investigate the extent to which students' learning experience has been meaningful and satisfying, and their sentiment on online distance learning due to the implementation of emergency remote teaching (ERT). The study further analyses the causes of Malaysian university students' grievances and challenges and psychological effects in dealing with ERT during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak and MCO in Malaysia, which prohibited any face-to-face interaction between the period of 18 March 2020 to 30 May 2020. This study employs qualitative methodology in analyzing the content of social media comments following a video post on students' frustration about online distance learning (ODL). Our study provides evidence that ODL, as experienced by the students during the MCO, presented numerous pedagogical, technological, and social challenges which caused a great deal of stress and affects students physically and psychologically. By capturing and analyzing the comments made for a viral video posting of a Malaysian undergraduate student about her personal experience undergoing the ODL, we identify nine factors that contributed adversely to students' learning experience during the ERT period. In more in-depth, we find that the continuous academic assessment tasks, coping with new method of teaching and learning and excessive workload are the main pedagogical challenges. Additionally, technological challenges were present due to lack of reliable internet connection and digital technological equipment and finally, social challenges arise from the lack of family support and understanding, conflicting roles and responsibilities, need for emotional support and unconducive learning environment. Leveraging on the students' experience, we deduced that their encounter with ODL is a reflection of the application of emergency remote teaching (ERT) philosophy.

The realities of problem‐solving for emerging‐adult siblings of individuals with schizophrenia

AbstractObjectiveThis researchers examined how emerging‐adult siblings of people with schizophrenia navigate problem‐solving and decision‐making.BackgroundNavigating more complex problems is a critical part of emerging adult development, although it can be complicated by stress, conflict, lack of self‐efficacy, and lack of family support. Understanding the development of problem‐solving and decision‐making of emerging‐adult siblings of people with schizophrenia development of these key competencies can aid in understanding how they navigate adulthood while contending with a stressful family environment.MethodIn‐depth interviews with 23 individuals between 18 and 30 years of age were conducted to explore problem‐solving, decision‐making, and family relationships.ResultsFindings suggest that participants who had supportive family or romantic relationships felt as if they were able to resolve their problems. They were likely to use cognitive strategies or advice from other people to resolve their issues. Participants who experienced a lack of support appeared to have more difficulty problem‐solving and decision‐making.ConclusionEmerging‐adult siblings of individuals with schizophrenia who had adequate family or spousal/partner support reported being more successful in formulating a problem‐solving strategy than participants as opposed to those who felt more isolated.ImplicationsThe study has implications for future researchers, such as the examination of other developmental stages and the need to examine why some emerging‐adult siblings were able to develop supportive romantic relationships more easily than participants who had similarly conflictual or ambivalent familial relationships.

Heroin use among clients receiving methadone treatment in Dar es Salaam Tanzania: a qualitative study

Background: Simultaneous heroin use among methadone-maintained clients is a recognized phenomenon worldwide. Tanzania is the first sub-Saharan African country to offer methadone treatment. This study explored reasons for heroin use among clients on methadone treatment clinics in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methods: This was exploratory cross-sectional study. Purposive sampling was used to select ten study participants. In in-depth interview guide was used to collect data. The interviews were conducted in Kiswahili and lasted for about sixty minutes. Audio-recordings of the interviews were transcribed verbatim and translated into English. Transcribed data was analysed and subjected to thematic analysis with the help of Nvivo 12 software. Results: Many reasons were mentioned for concurrent use of heroin and methadone among clients on methadone treatment. Some of the mentioned reasons were inadequate methadone dose, treatment, healthcare providers’ attitudes, and healthcare provision environment, lack of family support, peer influence homeless and easy availability of heroin. Conclusions: Different measures should be taken by methadone programs and stakeholders to overcome concurrent use of heroin and methadone among clients receiving methadone treatment.

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Maternal Postpartum Depression among Mothers in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a serious public health problem in many Middle Eastern countries. Mothers with PPD experience various extreme symptoms that affect their daily lives. This study aims to discover how common PPD is in the Jazan region, the most significant risk factors, and how likely depressed women are to seek help. An observational cross-sectional survey targeting a sample of 444 mothers in their first year after delivery using a pre-tested and validated EDPS standard tool to evaluate the prevalence of postpartum depression amongst them has been conducted. The data was collected and then analyzed using SPSS. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the risk factors associated with PPD. The results indicate an extremely high prevalence of PPD in Jazan (75.7%). The prevalence of mothers having suicidal ideation was 6.3% quite often, 5.0% sometimes, and 7.9% hardly. Regarding the duration of depression symptoms, 34.78% were less than a month, 20.72% were less than six months, and 13.06% were less than one year. The study shows that the development of depression symptoms occurred within less than a week for 30.4% of the women. The most significant association with PPD was a lack of family support, which significantly increased the risk of PPD (OR = 5.9; p-value < 0.001). The mothers who had unexpected pregnancies had a risk of PPD (OR = 2.5; p-value < 0.001). Current research has revealed a high prevalence of postpartum depression among mothers in the Jazan region and that it is associated with different risk factors that increase the probability of PPD development. Pregnant women need to raise their awareness about PPD and learn how to avoid or deal with it.

Investigating the Factors Related to Work-Family Conflicts Experienced by Working Women: A Systematic Review

Context: In recent decades, women’s participation in the labor market has increased dramatically. However, this has confronted working women with work-family conflicts. Objective: This systematic review aimed to find the factors related to work-family conflicts befallen women working. Methods: All scientific articles published on the subject from June 2000 until June 2021 were searched in five databases (Science Direct, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar) using the Keywords of factor, female, working, work-life balance, life-work imbalance. Results: We found 3967 articles in the databases mentioned. After removing duplicate items, the titles and abstracts of 2573 articles were screened, 34 full-texts of which were reviewed, leading to the final selection of 31 articles (13 qualitative studies and 17 quantitative studies). Then we searched for the documents that cited any of the initially included studies, as well as the references of the primarily included studies; however, no additional articles were found in this step. We categorized the factors related to work-life conflicts into four categories and 22 sub-categories. The first category was individual factors (e.g., individual capacities and skills); the second category was interpersonal factors (e.g., spousal support and lack of family support); the third category was organizational factors (e.g., organizational policies and working hours), and the fourth category was cultural factors (e.g., patriarchal hegemony in society and family-friendly culture). Conclusions: First, individual skills are needed to be paid more attention to, such as planning, which may be simply modifiable and has the potential to inform therapeutic interventions and preventative strategies. Second, foremen and directors should be informed about the importance of work-life conflicts experienced by women and their decisive role in creating a work-life balance to help improve their working conditions.

Caregiving burdens of family members of patients living with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Caregiving burden is common among family caregivers (FCs). In Taiwan, no reports have compared caregiving burden according to disease stage, or explored the comprehensive factors of caregiving burden in the FCs of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of the study was to investigate caregiving burden at different diagnosis stages and its potential predictors in the FCs of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. This descriptive, cross-sectional study included 192 FCs. Caregiving burden was measured using the Caregiver Reaction Assessment tool. The predictive factors of caregiving burden in the FCs of patients with HCC were identified using a linear regression model. The global caregiving burden had no significant differences between the four disease stages. The lack of family support and impact on schedule were significantly higher at the terminal stage than at the earlier stage. The risk factors of caregiving burden were high depression, high financial demand, heavy caregiving tasks, advanced age and frequent patient contact, which obtained a variance of 47.8% in the regression model. Healthcare providers need to proactively identify and assess FCs with risk factors of caregiving burden and provide appropriate interventions specific to individual needs at different disease stages.

Gender and entrepreneurship amongst refugee women entrepreneurs in Glasgow, Scotland

Background: Entrepreneurship studies reveal that despite significant progress made by women entrepreneurs, the gender gap in entrepreneurship is unlikely to be closed. It continues to be observed in both developed and developing countries, as many women-led businesses still face lower average business outcomes than male-owned businesses. This study investigates the impact of gender and entrepreneurship amongst refugee women entrepreneurs in Glasgow.&#x0D; Research purpose: The aim of this study is to deeply understand how gender and entrepreneurship affect the motivation of refugee women entrepreneurs. To achieve this aim, three objectives were developed: (1) To understand the motivational factors that make refugee women become entrepreneurs. (2) To identify the key challenges faced by refugee women entrepreneurs in establishing their own businesses. (3) To provide recommendations for policy aimed at helping refugee women develop their entrepreneurial activities.&#x0D; Methods: A qualitative study was conducted based on semi-structured face-to-face interviews with ten interviewees, involving six refugee women entrepreneurs and four mainstream agencies. Purposive sampling was employed in recruiting four participants, while two more were recruited through ‘snowball’ sampling. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analysed using the Nvivo software. 1&#x0D; Conclusions: The findings of this study revealed that refugee women entrepreneurs were motivated by both push and pull factors. Similar findings by Kone, Ruiz, Vargas-Silva (2019) indicated that refugee entrepreneurs have a greater tendency to start their own businesses due to positive factors such as greater entrepreneurial ambition, but also because of negative factors, such as lacking opportunities in the labour market due to discrimination. Finance was cited as the major barrier faced by all respondents, a situation which is shared by all entrepreneurs. However, refugee women entrepreneurs experienced other acute problems, such as a lack of access to the market, a lack of management skills, poor social networks, and a lack of family support.

Perceived barriers to access to hepatitis C for people who inject drugs in Morocco: A qualitative explorative study

Background Worldwide, approximately there are 15.6 million people who inject drugs. Recently, a rising prevalence of hepatitis C virus among the people who inject drugs community (8.2 million, 40 to 80% of people who inject drugs) urged governments to implement targeted preventive and structural interventions. Yet, social stigma, poor interaction with health workers, and limited health literacy are critical challenges to equitable access to care. This study explores the perceived barriers and facilitators of people who inject drugs access to hepatitis C virus care in Morocco. Methods We adopted an explorative qualitative single-embedded case study design. We conducted 19 semi-structured interviews and a focus group discussion with people who inject drugs, health workers, and social community health workers. We performed an inductive qualitative data analysis using thematic analysis. We coded data using NVivo software. We summarized our findings using a causal loop diagram of critical barriers and facilitators. Results Multi-layered and interdependent factors constrain access to care for people who inject drugs. People who inject drugs are considered a vulnerable population experiencing irregular housing, lack of family support, gender-based stigmatization, and incarcerations. Individual factors include limited hepatitis C virus health literacy, mistrust in health workers, and poor interaction with health workers within healthcare facilities. Both individual and structural elements decrease their perceived self-worth and self-esteem and reinforce their perceived social stigmatization. This leads to a lack of motivation to engage in hepatitis C virus care delivery. We found that peer educators are perceived as trustworthy and credible sources of hepatitis C virus health-related knowledge. Discussion Poor access to hepatitis C virus treatment for people who inject drugs involved an intertwined set of individual factors (level of knowledge, perceived social stigma, reduced self-esteem, and self-worth) and structural factors such as poor interaction with health workers and mistrust in healthcare institutions. More attention needs to be paid to alleviate structural barriers by integrating peer education, multiagency collaboration, community engagement, and capacity building of health workers for equitable access of people who inject drugs to hepatitis C virus care.

Sociological explanation of factors affecting family violence with the grounded theory approach

Aim: The purpose of this research was to explain the sociological factors affecting family violence with a grounded theory approach. Methods: The current research method has studied the factors and consequences of violence against women in the family with a qualitative approach and using grounded theory. In order to collect information and select the participants, the purposeful sampling method was used and with the progress of the study, the sampling of desirable cases was done until reaching the theoretical saturation with 21 women who have been subjected to violence who have referred to the social emergency center of Nahavand city, a semi-structured interview. The finding was carried out. After analyzing and reviewing the content of the interviews, 202 primary concepts were open-coded and 20 major categories and finally one central or core category were extracted in the axial coding. Results: The results of this research show that factors such as husband's addiction, personality problems and disorders, forced and early marriage, patriarchal attitude in the family, lack of family support, lack of socialization and social education, and unfavorable economic conditions are among the major and effective factors in increasing and the occurrence of violence against women in the family are considerable. Conclusion: According to the results and findings obtained from this qualitative research, holding workshops, life skills sessions and pre-marital counseling to increase the awareness and recognition of couples and dealing with each other, especially early in life, in order to deal with and reduce the phenomenon of violence. It is suggested against women.

Analysis Of Factors Influencing Cervical Cancer Screening Behavior In Women Of Reproductive Age (WUS)

Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer affecting and killing women and is more common in developing countries than in developed countries.&#x0D; Objective: To determine the impact of knowledge, education, attitudes, and family support on cervical cancer screening behavior among women of childbearing potential (WUS) at the Lapadde Health Center in Parepare City.&#x0D; Methods: This type of study is analytical with a cross-sectional design. The sample for this study was women of childbearing age who were married up to 98 using a targeted sampling technique. A questionnaire was used as a means. Data analysis used Fisher's exact test with p-value &lt; 0.05. &#x0D; Results: The results showed that WUS still lacked knowledge and information. There is testing anxiety and lack of family support, resulting in lack of screening coverage.&#x0D; Conclusions: The study concluded that knowledge level (p=0.040), attitudes (0.036), and family support (p=0.012) had an effect on cervical cancer screening behavior, whereas education had no effect (p=0.674). Early detection behavior for cervical cancer. WUS recommends that he take the exam at least once every three years&#x0D; Keywords: Early detection of cervical cancer. HPV DNA; cervical cancer; pap smear; IVA test.

Factors Influencing Adherence to Anti-retroviral Therapy in HIV Patients Registered at ART Center Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh

Context: After introducing ‘Treat all policy’ in the country and free ART (Anti-retroviral therapy) for all patients the biggest challenge is to optimize adherence to therapy and ensure viral suppression. The present study is aimed to determine the adherence pattern of HIV positive patients at ART center, Jhansi in Uttar Pradesh and to determine the factors influencing adherence. Methods and Material: This cross-sectional study was conducted in an ART Centre of a teaching hospital. In this study 357 patients were interviewed using a modified version of ACTG questionnaire and adherence was calculated by pill count and recall method. Chi square test and logistic regression was done using SPSS. Results: Nearly 72% patients had optimum adherence. On univariate analysis the factors found significant were sex of the patient, the education, the socioeconomic status, financial constraints, family support, WHO stage at diagnosis, alcohol addiction and tobacco addiction. On logistic regression four factors namely having less than college education, WHO stage at diagnosis, alcohol intake and lack of family support were found to predictors of non-adherence. Conclusions: Family support, treatment of alcohol addiction will improve adherence in HIV positive patients.

Patients’ Perceptions on the Factors Contributing to Non-conversion after Two Months of Tuberculosis Treatment at Selected Primary Healthcare Facilities in the Ekurhuleni Health District, South Africa

Background: Tuberculosis patients’ non-conversion is one of the factors impeding the ‘End TB’ strategies in South Africa. Several reasons have been recognised as contributing to patients with TB non-conversion, including TB illiteracy, denial of TB infection, reluctance to honour follow-up visits, and an unwillingness to take prescribed treatment for six months. Objective: In light of this, this study aimed at exploring and describing factors contributing to patients with pulmonary TB non-conversion at two and three months of treatment at selected primary healthcare facilities in the Ekurhuleni Health District, Gauteng province. Methods: A qualitative, explorative and descriptive research design was adopted with eight purposively sampled patients receiving TB care from five selected primary healthcare facilities. Semi-structured interviews were utilised to collect data from eight purposively sampled participants, who were interviewed on what they perceived to be factors contributing to patients with TB non-conversion at two and three months of treatment. Results: The study found that patients with TB attending the selected primary healthcare facilities experience psychosocial problems, such as shortage of food and lack of family support, as well as insufficient patient healthcare literacy. Conclusion: The study recommends that enhanced patient education be given from the time a patient starts TB treatment. The involvement of multi-disciplinary teams and other stakeholders is important in the management of patients with TB. Furthermore, the outreach team must provide health education to patients with TB family members, so that they can support the patients with TB to comply with treatment. Family support must be emphasised because it encourages patients with TB to comply with the course of treatment.

Work-related stress and associated factors among garment workers in Bole Lemi Industrial Park of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a multi-center institution-based cross-sectional study

BackgroundWork-related stress (WRS) is a growing problem around the world that affects the health and well-being of employees. However, evidence of work-related stress in Ethiopia, particularly among garment industry employees, is scarce. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of work-related stress among garment workers in the Bole Lemi industrial park in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.MethodsA multi-center institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February 01 to March 31, 2021. A total of 605 study participants were selected using a stratified random sampling technique. A pre-tested, interviewer-administered standardized questionnaire was used to collect data. The logistic regression model was employed to identify determinant factors for work-related stress, and statistical significance was declared at a p-value < 0.05.ResultsThe magnitude of work-related stress in garment workers was 44.1% (95% CI: 40.0, 48.0). Being within the age group of 25 - 34 years (AOR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.36, 0.90) and receiving induction training (AOR = 0.35, CI: 0.20, 0.62) were protective factors with stress. Whereas lack of family support (AOR = 2.72, CI: 1.60, 4.64), lack of job satisfaction (AOR = 4.26, CI: 2.77, 6.57), and khat chewing (AOR = 3.14, CI: 1.35, 7.32) were positively associated with work-related stress.ConclusionWork-related stress is prevalent among garment workers in the study setting. Being between the ages of 25-34 years and receiving induction training were protective factors against stress, while a lack of family support, a lack of job satisfaction, and khat chewing practices were positively associated with work-related stress. Therefore, improving family support and job satisfaction, providing induction training during employment, and providing psychological support for substance users to bring about changes are mandatory in Bole Lemi Industrial Park, Ethiopia.