Lack Of Ethics Research Articles

Why corporate social responsibility (CSR) remains a myth: The case of the Philippines

This paper aims to show how and why corporate social responsibility (CSR) remains a myth in the Philippines. The paper proposes a theory of the CSR myth based on Erving Goffman's dramaturgy, supported by Anthony Giddens’ structuration theory and Carl Weick's concept of ‘equivocality’. It establishes the myth theory by identifying, examining and discussing conditions and issues in CSR practice that are contrary to its essence and nature. The paper also seeks to show that the root reason for the CSR myth is a lack of ethics in CSR and CSR-related activities, which stems from a conflict between ensuring profits and the need to do good and establish good community relations. Thus, the paper explains why scholars and practitioners need to rectify popular CSR theory and practice, and proposes a theoretical perspective by which to view CSR practice, based on universally accepted definitions and CSR concepts culled from literature, as applied to the Philippine situation.

Medical Ethics and Media-Created Crisis: A Case Study in Medical Malpractice Reform

The objective of this study was to determine the extent of decline in level of access and quality of services reported by healthcare consumers during a media campaign to limit recovery for damages incurred through medical malpractice. Serving as a natural experiment, this campaign involved a widely publicized statewide "malpractice crisis," promoted as causing mass exodus of medical providers from the state. The (reported) resulting reduction in services, especially for the most underserved areas and populations, though unproven, had been touted as justification for amending the state constitution. Patient survey responses collected during the crisis indicated relatively high levels of satisfaction with access and quality of care during the publicized crisis (and alleged provider exodus). Similar organized malpractice crises examined from previous years suggest that policymakers should demonstrate caution when responding to a perceived crisis, especially when economic benefit for a particular interest group is at stake. Further, a lack of ethics in media through inaccurate reporting and sensationalism may lead to a seductive invitation to like ethical lapses by medical professionals in their attempts to shape policy through artificial crises creation.

Teaching social implications of computing

I'm Brian Harvey; I'm a Lecturer with Security of Employment in the EECS Department at the University of California at Berkeley. (The strange title means that I'm a full-time teacher, but basically tenured, although I'm not supposed to call it that. There aren't very many of us: 17 on the Berkeley campus.) My main teaching assignment is our first course for CS majors, based on the Abelson and Sussman text from MIT. But I also teach "Social Implications of Computers," a course that was retired along with the professor who first taught it, and that I campaigned unsuccessfully to revive for several years until ABET, our accrediting agency, won the battle for me by complaining about the lack of ethics in our curriculum.

The Legal Foundations of Corporate Governance Principles - Why Infuse the Muddy Rules of Business Ethics?

The focal point of this paper is to establish how minimal a role business ethics has, or should have, in determining the scope, extent and contours of corporate governance principles that guide international commerce at present. The driving force behind the New Global Economy, as Almond & Syfert say, is international competitiveness. As multinational enterprises struggle to meet the challenges of today's freewheeling, truly global marketplace, governments and businessmen alike are re-examining and re-evaluating virtually every aspect of international business practices. Thus free trade and competitive business strategy has come to define the breadth and substance of international commerce. Corporate ethical conduct, as used in this abstract (and to be followed in the final draft), includes more than ethically motivated decisions to make charitable contributions to philanthropic causes. All business decisions motivated by corporate officials' ethical values, rather than their desire to benefit the corporation in the long run, will be treated as a manifestation of corporate ethical behavior, which also has some scholarly support. The category does not include those corporate actions that, though claimed to be altruistic, are in fact motivated by a desire to benefit the corporation. We however include corporate behavior that, though not motivated by a desire to benefit the corporation, may in fact do so. Keeping this in mind, we juxtapose the norms of corporate governance with the maximands of business ethics of a corporation. Hypotheses of the paper The paper argues from the stand point that corporate governance principles that are to be followed by companies are separate and distinct from business ethics. The purpose and objective of the paper is to establish that outside the norms of corporate governance there exist no ethical values which bind a corporation. In this regard, the paper raises and addresses the following questions: 1. As per the provisions of Section 217 (2AA) of the Companies Act (Indian Statute), 1956 a company is required to give Directors' Responsibility Statement regarding preparation of annual accounts, applicable accounting standards, etc. Clause 49 of the Listing Agreement requires a separate Corporate Governance Report together with Management Discussion & Analyses to be given along with Directors' Report. It is submitted that there exits no corporate governance norms outside Clause 49 of Listing Agreement and specific provisions of the Companies Act, 1956. Comparative study also reveals the codification of Business codes by various governments, especially the United States, which demonstrates how business ethics has become synonymous with legal obligations. Would it therefore be possible to argue that outside the business codes that have been adopted, the company should not be free to pursue its trade policies to maximize its profit? 2. It is a well accepted principle that the Board of Directors and officers of the company is supposed to run the business with the objective of maximizing corporate wealth and shareholder profit. The company is also allowed within the limits of the law to gain advantage at the expense of others involved in the transaction, and that they may do so 'at the expense of others ... does not for that reason constitute a breach of duty'. If there is no infringement of the law per se, why not a corporation be allowed to maximize its corporate wealth by adopting such means and methods? 3. The emphasis on free trade and competitiveness, outlined above, should not however mislead us to believe that practices such as bribery, smuggling and kickbacks should form part and parcel of free trade. These corrupt and undesirable practices are undoubtedly anathema to the growth of international trade and commerce, and as such they are to be prohibited and penalized. However, it is important to note these practices are, more than the lack of ethics they display, are also prohibited and frowned upon by the law. Consequently, we feel obliged to ask the question: What, then, is the domain of business ethics in the sphere of corporate governance? The paper endeavors to answer this last question by delving into the first two issues outlined above, and would conclude by demonstrating that if a corporation's actions confirm to both law and economic prudence then there is no need to dress it up in the language of ethics and values. In short, we argue that corporate governance principles are solely dictated by legal obligations in force and are completely devoid of ethical considerations.

Vampire Kisses: Blood Relatives Volume I (review)

Reviewed by: The Outcasts April Spisak Matthews, L. S. The Outcasts. Delacorte, 2007259p Library ed. ISBN 978-0-385-90382-0$18.99 Trade ed. ISBN 978-0-385-73367-0$15.99 Ad Gr. 7-9 In this graphic-novel adaptation of Schreiber's Vampire Kisses series (Vampire Kisses, BCCB 10/03) series, the relationship between Raven, goth outsider at Dullsville High, and Alexander, her gorgeous vampire boyfriend, is explored further. Here the couple's late-night graveyard dates are interrupted by Alexander's cousin and his friends, who seek vials of blood that will turn them full vampire, erasing their half-mortal weaknesses. Alexander is determined to keep them from the vials, knowing that the teens' lack of ethics or responsibility will result in them being deadly, vicious vampires, living the antithesis of his own moderated lifestyle. Setting up for future volumes, the book doesn't let the teens find the vials yet, but they do establish themselves as transfer students in Raven's school, and with Alexander inaccessible all day, Raven quickly finds herself (and her naïve best friend) in grave danger. The plot is streamlined to the extent that readers who are not already familiar with the series will likely find themselves confused and frustrated by the plot holes and lack of character development. In addition, fans coming for the manga may feel cheated by the extensive behind-the-scenes exploration into the shift from novel to graphic format and the addition of a print chapter from the fourth novel in the series. The primary audience seems to be fans who are interested in revisiting these characters in a new format, and the dramatic gray, black, and white manga-style illustrations do add new life to the characters and setting. Even with a scant plot, the hunky vampires, an immaculately dressed goth protagonist, and the thrill of forbidden love may still draw in readers who can't get enough of undead romances. Copyright © 2008 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

Tworzenie i wykorzystanie potencjału nieuczciwych zachowań jako opcja strategiczna przedsiębiorstwa

Lack of ethics in business activities should not be treated as a result of coincidence or error,but more often than not as a conscious choice of entrepreneur. Observation of economic prac-tice shows, that part of firms is able to make an effort in order to inquire the possibility of doingthe dishonest activity. Dishonest activity, widely named “shady business” occurs in the formof: tax avoidance to the detriment of budget and other taxpayers (tax evasion), using of illegalinformation to the detriment of stock-exchange investors (insider trading), corruption to thedetriment of employers by depriving them of potential contracting parties (kickbacks), andprice-fixing, and bidrigging to the detriment of purchasers. The company’s ability to avoid thelegal sanctions in consequence of unethical activity can be defined as “potential of dishone-sty”. Creation and utilization of this potential is conditioned by internal factors, such as: lowethical level of businessman, selection of dishonest collaborators, possession of legal knowledge and team of lawyers or unclear structure of property. The external factors favorable to dishonest behaviours include: setting the firms in foreign countries, lack of experience with the courtsand prosecutors, little repeatability of contacts with deceived customers, customers highlymotivated to conclude an agreement, dispersion and weakness of contracting parties.

Tworzenie i wykorzystanie potencjału nieuczciwych zachowań jako opcja strategiczna przedsiębiorstwa

Lack of ethics in business activities should not be treated as a result of coincidence or error,but more often than not as a conscious choice of entrepreneur. Observation of economic prac-tice shows, that part of firms is able to make an effort in order to inquire the possibility of doingthe dishonest activity. Dishonest activity, widely named “shady business” occurs in the formof: tax avoidance to the detriment of budget and other taxpayers (tax evasion), using of illegalinformation to the detriment of stock-exchange investors (insider trading), corruption to thedetriment of employers by depriving them of potential contracting parties (kickbacks), andprice-fixing, and bidrigging to the detriment of purchasers. The company’s ability to avoid thelegal sanctions in consequence of unethical activity can be defined as “potential of dishone-sty”. Creation and utilization of this potential is conditioned by internal factors, such as: lowethical level of businessman, selection of dishonest collaborators, possession of legal knowledge and team of lawyers or unclear structure of property. The external factors favorable to dishonest behaviours include: setting the firms in foreign countries, lack of experience with the courtsand prosecutors, little repeatability of contacts with deceived customers, customers highlymotivated to conclude an agreement, dispersion and weakness of contracting parties.

Freire's Understanding of History, Current Reality, and Future Aspirations: His Dream, Take on Ethics, and Pedagogy of Solidarity

Freire's work can assist nearly anyone as she or he seeks to interpret history, to obtain a handle on the present, and to foresee the future. His ideas were impregnated with ontological hope, foundational understandings of our society and transformational empowerment. Thus, this article examines critically an interview I had with Freire in an effort to identify the relevance of his principles for our different realities and struggles today. Some of the questions I raised were brought up to clarify ideas that I encountered in my personal experiences in the academic community or in my university teachings. Freire had a great influence in my academic upbringing and development. He was without any doubt my major inspiration. In 1997, when I was getting ready to start writing my doctoral dissertation, I felt the need to seek mentoring by Paulo. By coincidence it just happened that I had a unique opportunity to dialogue and interview him in his residence in Sao Paulo, Brazil. In talking with one of his students she advised me not to wait for the following year, as I initially intended. She told me: Paulo is already talking about dying, and he won't be around next year. I was shocked, but moved ahead as a friend offered to make the appointment for me. Both of us were students of Nita Freire, who we used to call Ana Maria, back in college in the early eighties. Paulo's generosity and words of wisdom made a difference for me. The interview helped me immensely, given that I was thinking of doing my dissertation on cooperative learning, but was hesitant to do so. After hearing talk about fatalism, I identified with him immediately. Because working in the favelas or slums of Brazil and U.S. I had often encountered people who would conform to a dismal reality, which calls fatalism. For years I had strong feelings about that kind of mentality. So that became the central focus of study for my dissertation, which later on became a book on optimism. It addresses how people perceive and use time. For that alone I am very grateful to Paulo. But his interview offered much more. Since I considered myself one of his followers, I wanted to ask what he would expect of those who would carry on his teachings and legacy. And his answers made perfect sense to me. I loved it. Often I have used this interview with my graduate and undergraduate students and they have loved it, too. I was also curious about Freire's position on history, how he understood current realities, and what his visions of the future were. Paulo, as usual, provided a lot to clarity and was very down to earth, and direct, which I appreciated. In his humble way, he addressed neo-liberalism as one of the biggest maladies of this century and the lack of ethics he saw today. Nevertheless, for him, hope was one of the intrinsic engines that propelled activism and brought about social transformation. I conducted my dialogue with in the following way. A Dialogue and One Last Interview with Freire Cesar A. Rossatto (CD): Professor Freire, regarding your well known concept of conscientization, or conscientious awareness, I would like to expand on your thoughts to define conscientization not only as a state of mind, but as a thought process that also expresses itself through actions. I am experimenting with merging Freirean pedagogy or critical pedagogy with cooperative learning techniques, whereby students work in groups cooperatively, with specific roles and responsibilities and are encouraged to assist one another. These techniques, I feel, are important for the development of collectivity and socialization. What would your opinion be of such an approach? Freire (PF): Well, at this present historical moment, all over the world, more intensively in some parts than in others, I believe that any effort to create solidarity, any effort to exercise social or political solidarity, which would certainly include the cooperative effort you describe, is absolutely fundamental. …

A New Enlightenment and Education Towards a Bioeconomic Society

The change of century with a new millennium means the conscious beginning of a crucial ”axial time”. The characteristics of this axial time are: (a) the collective conscience born from the global interplanetary knowledge that the world suffers from lack of ethics together with situations characterised by exclusion, violence, exploitation and the need for human rights. (b) at the same time there is an increasing awareness of the need to demand respect and application of other values and attitudes between people and groups co-participating in the global affairs. From the pedagogical point of view this is a problem relating to the cultural reality and the psychological dominance and their relationship from the cultural to the psychic and vice versa. A typology of these realities makes us aware of four models: modernity, post-modernity, ultra-modernity and meta-modernity. Here the meta-modernity is defined as the psycho-cultural pedagogic alternative based on other values and in the new systems of rules generating identities, which make possible responses capable of overcoming the conflicts of the new and complex ”axial time”. Bioeconomics as a science and as a pedagogic tool is well placed in this model.

A Consideration of the Need for Ethics Training for Police

In this article, the author, a long-serving senior Canadian police officer, notes that the teaching of ethics to police officers in Canada and elsewhere has long been a neglected subject with very little having been written about ethics. This article details the pitfalls associated with the lack of ethics training and some instances where the lack of ethics played a significant part in the hiring process. While an effort is being made to place more emphasis on ethics in the training of police officers, the author suggests that moral values cannot be separated into professional and off-duty moral values. The moral system of values must be present all the time and no book of rules or set of policy manuals can fully determine the course of action to take.

Waking up from the nightmare of political accounting

While Owsen is frustrated by the lack of ethics among managers, the problem's root is the failure to comprehend that the capital market doesn't fall for misleading reports very often. If they could accept this concept, they could at least reduce the cost of capital with full and complete reporting, even if their ethics are irrevocably weak.

The ethics and economics of patenting the human genome.

This paper attempts to better define the areas of conflict and agreement between value ethics and the theoretical ethics of the market processes at work in the biotechnology industry. Despite the apparent lack of ethics in an oligopolistically competitive pharmaceuticals industry, the paper concludes that the current stage of development of the medical biotechnology subindustry offers unparalleled opportunities for ethical systems to influence the market-based development of biotechnology. Ethical conversations between doctors and biologists with ethicists can help the market absorb more of the reflective wisdom that ethics brings when discussing such issue areas as justice, patents of the human genome, and modifications of the human genome. If conversations between ethicists and biotechnological managers and doctors are successful the metaphors of market-based financing may be refined and the knowledge base of the good increased.

Saltykov-Ščedrin et la religion

Catherine Bielik, Saltykov-Shchedrin and religion. It is strange to note the lack of interest in Saltykov-Shchedrin and the reactions that he awakens: in most cases as hackneyed as the stereotyped personality ascribed to him. However, a careful perusal of his works reveals not only an extremely complex character but also and above all, the fact that while denouncing social wrongs, he was especially preoccupied with the connection between these wrongs and conventional ethics. He based himself solely on Christian principles which had been taught to him since childhood and in this light he attacked the state and social structure and fought ugliness borne of amorality and lack of ethics. To the end of his life, Saltykov-Shchedrin proclaimed the necessity of religious and therefore moral education and of faith ruling everyday life and not only expectation of the other world. In his opinion, it is such faith that would enable human beings to resist evil and attain complete humanity.

Etiek en kapitalisme

Ethics and capitalism The main purpose of this essay is to demonstrate that, on the basis of Biblical Ethics, criticism on Marxism and Communism does not simultaneously imply adherence to Capitalism, for the most vulnerable point in Classical Capitalism is its lack of ethics as a leading principle. Since the days of Adam Smith, political economy (the common wealth of society) in Capitalism is metaphysically assumed, and in this sense derived, not from reality nor any proven ethical principle, but from a concept of a private economy (the competition of private greed) as a basis for society.

Alfred H. Isham: A Gilded Age Entrepreneur In San Diego County

In 1892, Alfred Huntington Isham, a San Diego businessman, began to market Isham's California Waters of Life.1 He guaranteed the miraculous spring waters to grow hair on bald heads and cure a variety of terrible ailments. Isham's product represented but one of thousands of fraudulent patent medicines on the market that claimed to work impossible cures. In promoting their worthless products, patent medicine vendors typified the lack of ethics or concern for the consumer, common among a large segment of the business community during the late nineteenth century.

An Overall View Of Bio Ethics Practices In Our Day To Day Life And It`S Remedies

Historically, ethics has been considered the province of religion i.e moral theology and large, still remains so. In most cases religion provides an important answer to the question, why one should act ethically. The ancient Greeks were the first to examine ethics philosophically and thus independently to religion . The major proponents of it were Socrates, Plato and Aristotle in the 5th & 4th centuries B.C. Now a days we can see lack of ethics everywhere of our life. This article try to find out –where & what are the ethics we are lacking behind in our day to days life and it`s probable remidies. Morality should be practiced and should start from the –“DINNING TABLE”. Beside this Government should pass down policies, which will facilitate this practice to get good citizens. The main thrust of modern ethics or moral philosophy is to attempt to lay the foundations of ethical conduct, which should be bear in mind with good faith. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v1i3.9635 Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2010; 1(3): 52-57

Large molecules in synthetic organic chemistry

The article presents the conceptual background debated in the professional literature related to ethics management in general and also in particular, in the public sector. Works in this area present the concepts, the general theories, the problems and instruments we can use in a managerial activity. This paper tries to extrapolate these general data to the public sector in a country. The main purpose of the study is to identify those specific instruments that can be implemented successfully in public institutions, in correlation with specific ethical problems we find there. Sources of evidence include valuable works of specialists and studies conducted and focused on ethics in public sector. The main argument of our research is based on the fact that some theories, concepts or instruments are too general, needing a customization for the public sector, especially for those countries where corruption and unethical behaviors are at a high level. Conclusions of the paper refer to the applicability of various instruments of ethics management in the public sector, proving also a strong connection between ethics and competitiveness and in consequence, between ethics and investments. The results and conclusions are focused on the main areas of public sector from countries where corruption and lack of ethics is a real problem.