Lack Of Doctors Research Articles

CHALLENGES IN HEALTH ACCESS FOR STREET VENDORS ON THE RAILWAY PATHS OF RIO DE JANEIRO

This article investigates the challenges faced by street vendors in the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro (RMRJ) in accessing health care. The research, part of a doctoral thesis in Public Health, adopts a qualitative approach to understand the experiences and perceptions of these workers. The study utilized semi-structured interviews with twelve vendors to identify the main barriers to health care access and assess perceptions of the quality and effectiveness of the services received. Street vendors, essential to the urban economy, face job precarity and significant difficulties accessing health services due to the informality of their employment and limitations of the Unified Health System (SUS), such as long waiting lines, lack of doctors, and structural deficiencies. Thematic analysis revealed widespread criticism of the SUS's inefficiency, exacerbated by poor management and underfunding. Additionally, a lack of knowledge about the National Network for Comprehensive Worker Health Care (RENAST) and its services was identified, which limits vendors' access to specialized worker health care. The article proposes that improvements in health education and awareness campaigns about resources like RENAST are essential to enhance access and quality of health care for this vulnerable population. Furthermore, it emphasizes the need for integrated public policies that address the health and social conditions of street vendors, promoting investments in health infrastructure, improvements in working conditions, and regularization of informal employment. Lastly, it suggests a profound reform of the SUS to increase its efficiency and equity, ensuring equal access to quality health care for all, especially informal workers.

Review on Detecting Pneumonia in Deep Learning

Deep learning is a machine learning technique that has been optimized for image classification and object detection. Deep learning has brought huge advancement to the medical field as it helps to diagnose various diseases through computed tomography (CT) scan or X-ray images. Pneumonia is a respiratory disease, and it is one of the killer diseases that causes numerous death all around the world. In 2019, the outbreak of COVID-19 has increased the number of pneumonia patients tremendously. With the increasing number of patients, the clinical and medical facilities have become insufficient. The lack of doctors and radiologists to diagnose pneumonia has caused a high number of patients to be misdiagnosed. Chest image is one of the most effective methods to diagnose this disease, however, examining the X-ray or CT images requires specialists such as radiologists. Meanwhile, examining chest CT or X-ray images might be subjective as the presence of pneumonia can be unclear in the images. The main objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of recent advancement in the diagnosis of pneumonia with deep learning, including state-of-art methodology, datasets, discussion, challenges, and future improvements.

Identifikasi Ketidaklengkapan Dokumen Rekam Medis Rawat Inap Di RS Tentara Tk. III dr. Reksowidiryo Padang

Medical record documents are very important in process of services performed by medical personnel and the hospital's quality of care. by medical officers and affect the quality of a hospital's services. The purpose of this study was to identify factors that influence the incompleteness of inpatient medical record documents at RST Tk. III dr. Reksowidiryo Padang. The data analysis used is qualitative analysis. The observations were conducted from October 1, 2023 to October 30, 2023. The data taken are medical record documents submitted from the inpatient unit to the medical records sub-section on those particular days. The results of data analysis show that the lowest assessment is for filling out documents by doctors. From the results of the description of the problem in the Ishikawa diagram, the most fundamental issue influencing incomplete medical record documents is the doctor's lack of discipline.

Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Dokter Dalam Melakukan Praktik Kedokteran Terkait Dengan Dugaan Pelanggaran Disiplin Yang Berdampak Terhadap Malpraktik

Malpractice can be interpreted as an act of negligence, error or a doctor's lack of ability to treat a patient so that it causes a bad outcome for the patient. Several malpractice cases that ended in decisions that did not blame the doctor and sanctions that were considered light were one of the things that made some people think that this law was not at all in favor of malpractice cases. Several doctors questioned how legal certainty would be for them if the Indonesian Medical Discipline Honorary Council (MKDKI) had decided that no disciplinary violations had been committed but the district court said otherwise. So, according to the author, it is necessary to carry out an analysis regarding the severity of the sanctions imposed by the Indonesian Medical Discipline Honorary Council and what the legal protection is for doctors who are suspected of practicing medicine related to disciplinary violations. This research uses the juridical-normative method, namely research conducted by examining the laws and regulations that apply or are applied to a particular legal issue. Indonesian Medical Discipline Honorary Council has the authority to handle violations of doctor's discipline. If there is a doctor's action that is classified as malpractice, Indonesian Medical Discipline Honorary Council can only be guided by a doctor's disciplinary violation. Disciplinary sanctions for doctors by the MKDKI include giving a written warning, recommending revocation of the STR or SIP and the obligation to take part in education or training at a medical/dental educational institution. The Indonesian Medical Discipline Honorary Council decision does not preclude the possibility for the doctor concerned to be examined, processed or sued criminally or civilly, because the Indonesian Medical Discipline Honorary Council decision has nothing to do with the application of law and criminal or civil legal sanctions and is basically a complaint, examination, up to the the Indonesian Medical Discipline Honorary Council decision or a public report. against doctors suspected of committing ethical violations is only limited to the ethics of the medical profession itself, which cannot be confused with the investigation process at the police, the prosecution process at the Prosecutor's Office until the court, or the lawsuit process at court.

Uvjeti javnoga zdravstva i medicinske njege tijekom grčkoga rata za neovisnost 1821.

Τhe 1821 Greek War of Independence, following 400 years under Turkish occupation, resulted, after long-term sacrifices, in the establishment of Greece as a sovereign nation-state, marking the first in the autocratic Europe of the time. The poor public health and the lack of doctors, medical supplies, safe water, food, and sewage favored the outbreak of epidemics. The Greek cause attracted worldwide support, and a great number of philhellenes, physicians, and aristocrats offered services and even their lives on the battlefields. Greek and foreign historians stress the international importance of the Greek Revolution for the activation of the term nation into a social force for democracy and the right to public and individual health and welfare all around the world.

Detection of chronic bronchoobstructive diseases in the Republic of Moldova according the prism of the recommendations of international guidelines

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is an important public health problem. According to literature data, chronic lung diseases are underdiagnosed and there are many medical, psychological, social and economic barriers. In order to highlight the barriers and facilitating factors for the detection of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at the level of primary care, a mixed qualitative-quantitative study was carried out, with a survey of 1190 participants and focus groups with doctors. Every fourth patient with respiratory symptoms does not report them to the family doctor and every second symptomatic patient does not perform a spirometry test. The most important barriers are low addressability after medical assistance, underestimation of respiratory symptoms, lack of doctors, professional overload and low access to spirometry at the primary care level.

Requests for cannabinoids for therapeutic use : how to support patients ?

The cannabis plant is used to relieve incapacitating symptoms that are refractory to recommended treatments and to improve quality of life, often as a treatment of last resort. Despite growing patient demand and political will in Switzerland, access to cannabinoids for medical use remains complicated in practice, due to the limitation of robust medical indications, high cost (most often non-reimbursed) and doctor's lack of knowledge how to prescribe them. Given the low risks of cannabinoids for medical use, a pragmatic approach would be to respect "the right of patients" to access these treatments, enabling patients to evaluate their effect, reinvest in the therapeutic relationship and regain a central and active role in the management of their illness.

The Plague in Crete During the 19th Century.

The plague is one of the most dangerous infectious diseases that can affect mankind.The disease has caused countless pandemics over the centuries in many parts of the world, mainly Asia, Africa, and Europe, and has caused over 200 million deaths, making it one of the greatest scourges of mankind throughout the ages. Similar to the rest of Greece, Crete was affected for many years by the plague during the 19th century, which caused significant mortality, both in the cities and the countryside. The lack of doctors, the absence of organized health systems, the ignorance of the origin and modes of transmission, and the belief of the island's Muslim conquerors in destiny and God-given diseasesmade the spread of the plague very easy, while simultaneously making its control, with measures to protect public health, extremely difficult. This led to the repeated decimation of the island's population, with immeasurable social and economic consequences for its progression and future development.

TINJAUAN KELENGKAPAN PENGISIAN FORMULIR RINGKASAN PASIEN PULANG RAWAT INAP DI RUMAH SAKIT YPK MANDIRI 2022

Filling in the completeness of the patient's medical resume at the YPK Mandiri Hospital is still not optimal where there are still many summary of discharged patients that have not been filled out completely. In accordance with service standards, the minimum quality of medical records, the completeness of filling out a summary of discharge patients must be 100%.
 The purpose of this study was to see the completeness of filling out the inpatient summary form. This study uses quantitative analysis methods. Most of the inpatient discharge summaries have been completed in accordance with the SOP, only at the stage of filling out the discharged patient summaries by doctors it has not been carried out properly. Based on the results of the recapitulation of the completeness of filling out the summary form for inpatient discharge in a quantitative analysis of 75 medical records, the results obtained are 85% complete. The highest percentage is found in the Completion of Important Reports/Forms and Author Authentication components, which is 86%, while the lowest presentation is in the Patient Identification component, which is 84%.
 The percentage of completeness of the 4 components above is 85%.
 Constraints in the filling process related to the completeness of filling out the Discharge Patient Summary in the medical records of inpatients, namely due to the doctor's lack of thoroughness in filling out the summary of inpatient discharge patients and also the lack of socialization carried out by the hospital about how important the items in the summary of inpatient discharge patients should be filled out. as a whole in order to get an effective medical record.

COVID-19 disease identification network based on weakly supervised feature selection.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has resulted in countless infections and deaths worldwide, posing increasing challenges for the health care system. The use of artificial intelligence to assist in diagnosis not only had a high accuracy rate but also saved time and effort in the sudden outbreak phase with the lack of doctors and medical equipment. This study aimed to propose a weakly supervised COVID-19 classification network (W-COVNet). This network was divided into three main modules: weakly supervised feature selection module (W-FS), deep learning bilinear feature fusion module (DBFF) and Grad-CAM++ based network visualization module (Grad-Ⅴ). The first module, W-FS, mainly removed redundant background features from computed tomography (CT) images, performed feature selection and retained core feature regions. The second module, DBFF, mainly used two symmetric networks to extract different features and thus obtain rich complementary features. The third module, Grad-Ⅴ, allowed the visualization of lesions in unlabeled images. A fivefold cross-validation experiment showed an average classification accuracy of 85.3%, and a comparison with seven advanced classification models showed that our proposed network had a better performance.

Thực trạng thu hút duy trì nhân lực tại trung tâm y tế huyện Dăk Song, tỉnh Đắk Nông giai đoạn 2018-2020 và một số yếu tố ảnh hưởng

Objective: To describe the situation of human resources and analyze some factors influencing the attraction and retention of nursing human resources at Dak Song District Health Center (DHC) in Dak Nong province from 2018 to 2020. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study combining quantitative and qualitative was conducted at Dak Song DHC from February to September 2021. A quantitative study was conducted, using a form to collect secondary data at DHC, a qualitative research was used for in-depth interviews and focus group discussion guidelines. Main findings: There was a shortage of 33-44 people in the in the period of 2018-2020; in which, there was mainly a lack of doctors. The proportion of human resources allocating by departments was not balanced and inadequate compared to Circular 08/2007/TTLT – BYT – BNV. Highly qualified human resources have gradually increased over the years. DHC recruited 58 people in three years (reached 56.9% of the demand), 25 staffs quited or changed jobs.. Factors that positively influenced the attraction and retention of human resource: working essence ; income; work environment; human resource training and develoment. Negative influencing factors: policies, remuneration regimes; recruitment activities; working conditions. Conclusions and recommendations: Develop policies to attract and maintain human resources with university degrees; develop recruit communication; expand specialized medical services, implement high-tech services to increase the revenue of the DHC as well as imcome of employees. Keywords: Attraction and retention human resources, Dak Song District Health Center, Dak Nong province.

MEDICO-GEOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF HEALTH CARE IN THE MUNICIPALITIES OF ELIN PELIN AND GORNA MALINA, BULGARIA

In the modern world, man has until recently forgotten that health is the most valuable gift he couldpossess. With the development of science and the advancement of technology in recent years, more and moreattention has been paid to the individual, to his personal characteristics, predisposition to certain diseases (hereditaryor not), or addictions. The 2020 COVID-19 pandemic has seriously contributed and reminded man not only to takecare of his health but also to make efforts and help in protecting public health.Today, Bulgaria is witnessing not only the aging of the population but in some cases the almost completedepopulation of more and more settlements. Along with these problems, new ones arise that contribute to thedeterioration of the quality of life of the few remaining inhabitants of the territory. One of them is healthcare, orrather the lack of it. Many residents in different territories do not even have the opportunity for a medicalexamination. In addition, this lack of opportunity is observed in municipalities and settlements only 30 or 40 kmaway from the capital Sofia. Having adequate transport provision and the ability to transport people in emergenciesand with illnesses would make this partly acceptable. However, the reality is different. There are no medicalfacilities, doctors, dentists, or even pharmacies. The claim that the capital is close and the population has access tohealth infrastructure should not tolerate the lack of access to health care.The chosen topic is relevant because it is particularly important to focus public attention on the population andhealth care in the small municipalities and settlements that are close to the capital Sofia, but there are not enoughmedical personnel in them. Another reason for choosing the two municipalities and the connection with health careis their geographical location. Proximity to the capital Sofia is a leading factor for their economic-geographicaldevelopment, but the main interest is focused on their medical-geographical development and on how health care isprovided for the population in the territory.The provision of medical personnel is mandatory for all, not a privilege of certain territories. The problems with thepayment of medical personnel and their implementation in small settlements, which also results in the lack ofdoctors in certain parts of the country, are clearly visible, but they should not determine the lack of health care.

전후 식민지 홍콩의 보건의료 — 1946~1964년 새로운 과제와 보건당국의 대응을 중심으로 —

Since the 1894 plague epidemic, Hong Kong’s colonial medicine had improved, which in part accompanied by the economic growth given Hong Kong being an import node of the British Empire’s Asian trade network. Yet, colonial medicine has emphasized the ‘prevention of infectious diseases’ and ‘quarantine’ strategy and ‘medical service’ was left to the medical market. Charitable organizations, especially that of Chinese elites, devoted themselves to meeting the shortage of public medical services; such an approach aligned with the British’s intention that minimizes intervention on Chinese society. Some people also relied on traditional Chinese medicine as an alternative.<BR> The Chinese civil war and the establishment of the People’s Republic of China during late 1940s led to a rapid increase in population in Hong Kong, leading to the extreme shortage of public medical services. The Chinese society in Hong Kong has continuously demanded authorities solve medical problems such as high medical costs and the lack of doctors. So far, the colonial authorities only introduced temporary measures, for example, letting unregistered “refugee doctors” who migrated from the mainland work for the government medical services and charity clinics.<BR> The government’s approach to public health care, however, had a major turn from the political and societal pressure. China’s renewed policy toward Hong Kong, the so-called ‘united front’ strategy, raised an awareness of the internal security of Hong Kong. The colonial authorities needed to curb the encroachment of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and consolidate colonial rule. Coupled with political considerations to solidify morale or the public sentiment, many public health issues which were previously overlooked were to be handled.<BR> From the late 1940s to the early 1960s, one of the key issues in public health was to keep ‘unregistered’ doctors and ‘charity clinics’ as well as Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) practitioners under government control. For this purpose, the government revised the Medical Registration Ordinance, and enacted Clinic Ordinance. In the process of the amendment and the enactment of ordinances, the health authority allowed unregistered doctors to sit in special medical license exams in 1957, 1958, and 1959 without exception, although it was planned for governmental employees initially. It was a gesture of the colonial authority to embrace ‘refugee doctors’ as a member of Hong Kong society to serve for Hong Kong people. Besides, these ordinances provided the colonial government chance to estimate the scale of unregistered doctors and clinics. Furthermore, since these two ordinances illegalized former medical practices of unregistered doctors who worked for charity clinics for the poorer section of the public, except for exempted clinics, it became the inescapable responsibility of the government to provide sufficient public health care services to meet the people’s demand for affordable medical services. A medical white paper of 1964, entitled The Development of Medical Services in Hong Kong which includes medical development plans for the next 10 years, describes how medical care policy was redefined to meet the basic medical needs of Hong Kong people who could not afford private medical care.<BR> In summary, Hong Kong developed these ordinances part as a tool for social/political control and but also a measure to serve the public by refining public health scheme. By taking lens that takes into account changing relations between Hong Kong and the Mainland China, this paper expands previous limited understanding of how the Hong Kong’s colonial medicine had developed during 1940s to 1960s.

THE LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE AMONG UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL STUDENTS ABOUT STROKE

Background: Stroke is a neurological emergency that requires prompt and precise diagnosis and treatment. However, errors in diagnosis and treatment are still frequently seen. One of the main causes of this problem is the lack of doctors’ knowledge. This study aims to determine the level of knowledge among undergraduate medical students about stroke. The results of this study can be used as basic information to provide educational interventions to medical students to prevent and minimize the occurrence of medical errors. Methods: This study used a quantitative-descriptive method with a cross-sectional approach. The study subjects were third-semester medical undergraduate students at the Medical Faculty of Padjadjaran University during the 2018/2019 academic year. Samples were 43 secondary data collected from ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke Students Objective Oral Case Analysis (SOOCA) exam scores and 168 primary data collected using a 30-item questionnaire regarding stroke knowledge. The data obtained was then analyzed descriptively and the result was categorized into 3 levels of knowledge: Good, moderate, and poor. Results: Each variable demonstrates a varying degree of knowledge. However, based on the total scores and averages collected from both the questionnaire and the SOOCA exam, most of the students had a moderate level of knowledge regarding ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Conclusion: Most of the students had a moderate level of knowledge about stroke, so educational interventions and student’s capabilities improvement are required to increase knowledge of stroke.

Intelligent and Interactive Healthcare System (I2HS) Using Machine Learning

There has been a gigantic stir in the world&#x2019;s healthcare sector for the past couple of years with the advent of the Covid-19 pandemic. The healthcare system has suffered a major setback and, with the lack of doctors, nurses, and healthcare facilities the need for an intelligent healthcare system has come to the fore more than ever before. Smart healthcare technologies and Artificial Intelligence (AI)/Machine Learning (ML) algorithms provide encouraging and favorable solutions to the healthcare sector&#x2019;s challenges. An Intelligent Human-Machine Interactive system is the need of the hour. This paper proposes a novel architecture for an Intelligent and Interactive Healthcare System that incorporates edge/fog/cloud computing techniques and focuses on Speech Recognition and its extensive application in an interactive system. The focal reason for using speech in the healthcare sector is that it is easily available and can easily predict any physical or psychological discomfort. Simply put, human speech is the most natural form of communication. The Hidden Markov Model is applied to process the proposed approach as using the probabilistic approach is more realistic for prediction purposes. Ongoing projects and future work directions and challenges/issues are also addressed.

A NEED FOR INDIA TO INVEST MORE IN THE HEALTH CARE SECTOR TO PROVIDE BETTER HEALTH SERVICES TO ITS PEOPLE AFTER LOOKING AT THE COVID-19 CASUALTY

With 75% of the health are expenditure comes from the people of India , the rest is by the government , the government spends only 1.6% of the GDP on health care sector , there is major problems in our health care sector starting from shortage of beds , to lack of doctors and nurses , the difference in the quality of treatment in the urban and rural areas as well as in private and public hospitals . The doctors even limit themselves to the private hospital because of maximum facilities , the cost of treatment is so high that half of the people die out of loan , The government during this catastrophic has provided and increased its budget for the treatment and for public health care facilities but that is not enough during at one time . around 1.8 million people have died in the pandemic situation , in India only 2 % of the people have been vaccinated . India has entered the second wave of corona virus , when it comes to rural India , there is hardly any facility available , especially for the pregnant women and its child during this COVID-19 pandemic . There is lack of medical facilities in India both rural and urban , infrastructural and human resources to cure the people . India is being dependent on other countries for import of oxygen cylinders , India is the global hotspot of COVID at present . Keywords: health care, expenditure, covid-19, budget, GDP, vaccinated, catastrophic

Health Literacy and Health Risk Behaviors among Cancer Patients

Cancer is accounted as serious problem that affects people all over the world. Cancer is becoming more common in Pakistan as a result of a lack of health facilities, limited medical equipment, and a lack of doctors with specialized knowledge. The link between health risk behavior and health literacy among cancer patients is investigated in this study. Patients from four government sector hospitals in Punjab, Pakistan, were recruited randomly to provide the data. The data was gathered using a well-structured questionnaire. Critical health literacy (r =.469**),communicative (r =.660**), Functional (r =.370**), and health risk behaviour were discovered through correlation analysis.

Клинический случай тепловой эритемы (Erythema ab igne), вызванной использованием ноутбука

Тепловая эритема (Erythema ab igne) — это локализованное кожное заболевание, проявляющееся ретикулярной гиперпигментацией, темной эритемой, эпидермальной атрофией и телеангиэктазиями. Она вызвана повторяющимся и длительным воздействием умеренного тепла или инфракрасного излучения, которого недостаточно для получения ожогов. В наши дни тепловая эритема чаще всего наблюдается после многократного использования грелок, инфракрасных ламп и обогревателей. В последнее время увеличилось число тепловых поражений кожи у молодых людей, которые во время работы держат ноутбук на бедрах и коленях. Для ревматологов данная патология может представлять клинический интерес, поскольку кожные изменения могут напоминать поражения кожи при системных заболеваниях соединительной ткани. Представлено описание клинического случая поздней диагностики тепловой эритемы у молодой женщины вследствие работы с ноутбуком. Поздняя диагностика обусловлена недостаточной информированностью врачей о данной патологии, что может приводить, как в описанной нами ситуации, к неправильному лечению и большому количеству ненужных лабораторных и инструментальных исследований.

A Novel Disease Diagnosis Method Using Combining Knowledge Graph and Deep Learning

Disease diagnosis methods based on deep learning have some shortcomings in the auxiliary diagnosis process, such as relying heavily on labeled data and lack of doctor or expert experience knowledge. Based on the above background, this study proposes a disease diagnosis method combining medical knowledge atlas and deep learning (CKGDL). The core of the method is a knowledge-driven convolutional neural network (CNN) model. The structured disease knowledge in the medical knowledge map is obtained through entity link disambiguation and knowledge map embedding and extraction. The disease feature word vector and the corresponding knowledge entity vector in the disease description text are used as the multi-channel input of CNN, and different types of diseases are expressed from the semantic and knowledge levels in the convolution process. Through training and testing on multiple types of disease description text data sets, the experimental results show that the diagnostic performance of this method is better than that of a single CNN model and other disease diagnosis methods. And further verified that this method of joint training of knowledge and data is more suitable for the initial diagnosis of the disease.

Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis with Relapsing Optic Neuritis

Autoimmune encephalitis with antibodies to NMDA receptors (anti-NMDAR encephalitis) is a frequent form of autoimmune encephalitis. The disease is curable, though the lack of timely treatment can lead to disability in patients or death. Difficulties in the diagnosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis arise from its heterogenous manifestations, its possible combination with other autoimmune diseases, and lack of doctors’ awareness of this type of encephalitis. This article reviews published data and describes a case of anti-NMDAR encephalitis with atypical features in the form of relapsing optic neuritis; it was difficult to link optic nerve lesions with comorbidity with multiple sclerosis or optic neuromyelitis spectrum disorders.