Lack Of Cohesion Research Articles

The Leadership Role Of The Village Head In Realizing Development In Tetehosi I Village, Gunungsitoli Idanoi Sub-District In 2023

Leadership can be defined as an individual's ability to influence, motivate and enable others to contribute to the effectiveness and success of the Village. The essence of national development is basically the human being himself who is the center point of all development efforts and what will be built. Article 26 paragraph (2) of Law No. 6 of 2014 states that the Village Head is in charge of organizing the Village administration, implementing Village development, fostering the Village community and empowering the Village community. This research aims: To describe the leadership role of the Village head in realizing development in Tetehosi I Village, Gunungsitoli Idanoi District in 2023. The research method used in this research is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The data collection techniques used are observation, interview, and documentation techniques. The results of this study reveal that the leadership role of the Village Head in realizing development in Tetehosi I Village is: being a facilitator of planned development, being a mobilizer to mobilize Village officials and the community, being a motivator to achieve a goal, running in accordance with established regulations. The constraints faced in realizing development are: first, budget absorption; this is related to the allocation of Village development because the Village has three Hamlets and a very large population of Tetehosi I with a total of 2,238 residents; second, not all community aspirations can be facilitated; third, Village funds in Tetehosi I are very limited (Village funds are not focused on development alone); fourth, lack of community participation; fifth, there are differences of opinion regarding the land / plot being built and lack of cohesiveness between communities. The efforts made by the Village Head in this case are the Village Head in carrying out his role as a facilitator, mobilizer and motivator, being a leader for the Village apparatus team, accepting all ideas or aspirations from various elements of the community; bringing the community closer if there are residents who have different assumptions or disputes during the course of development.

Studies of the Medium-Term Effect of Nanoconsolidants on Wall Paint Layers with a Lack of Cohesion

"This paper reports an updated overview of a comparative study on the medium-term effects of treatment with three consolidants—laboratory-prepared nanolime, commercial nanolime, and commercial acrylic resin—on fresco paint layers replicas affected by lack of cohesion. This is a follow-up to our preliminary data published in 2021. In 2020, paint layers replicas of frescos were prepared in vitro by buon and lime fresco painting techniques with blue smalt and yellow ochre pigments. The samples were treated with the three consolidants and aged at ambient conditions. In 2023, the authors repeated the analysis to assess and compare the three-year effect of the laboratory-prepared nanolime on the paint layers with regard to the commercial nanolime and acrylic resin. The analytical setup comprised photography, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and colorimetry or spectrophotometry. Monitored parameters were the impact of the treatments on the paint layer morphology and on the colour. After three years, the presence of all products is still detected on the paint surface, where they maintain their effects on the paint layer morphology. Aesthetical changes that occurred immediately after the treatment have maintained a relatively constant value over the course of time. "

Morphological screens using aged primary adult neuronal, microglial, and astrocytic cultures to find novel neurotherapeutics.

The average age of a patient with neurotraumatic injuries or neurodegenerative diseases has been increasing worldwide. The preclinical live animal models used for neurotrauma and neurodegenerative diseases are typically young adults, failing to represent the age of humans in the clinic. This dichotomy in age between human populations and animal models is likely to impede the understanding of the pathological mechanisms of most neurological disorders and the translation of their respective promising therapies. This lack of cohesion between animal models and patients in the clinic begins prior to in vivo testing, it starts during the in vitro drug screening phase. Conventional screening methods typically involve the use of stem cell derived neural cells, with some researchers using embryonic derived neural cells instead. These cells lack the fundamental characteristics present in aged neural cells, such as age-induced changes in process length and branching in microglia and how astrocytes respond to various insults. Various technologies and techniques have been developed recently that can help researchers use age-appropriate neural cells for their drug discovery endeavors. The use of age-appropriate neural cells during screening phases is hypothesized to significantly increase the translation rate of the hits to the geriatric patients suffering from neurotraumatic and neurodegenerative diseases.

Influence of extrudate to SPI-gel-binder ratios and transglutaminase crosslinking on texture of a plant-based salami analogue

A plant-based salami-type sausage analogue was manufactured with a glucono-δ-lactone- or transglutaminase+glucono- δ -lactone-induced soy protein isolate-gel as binder to hold together fat mimetic particles and extruded proteins with fibrous structure to resemble the structure of classical dry-fermented sausages. The objective was to study the influence of the binder content on the texture of this complex meat analogues. The sausage analogues were processed similarly to traditional sausages. Texture, sensory and composition were analyzed. The hardness of dry-fermented sausages was found to decrease with increasing binder content (e.g. at 45% dry matter from ∼ 110 N to ∼ 80 N), whereas the cohesiveness increased with increasing binder content (e.g. at 45% dry matter from ∼ 0.21 to ∼ 0.41). Results from sensory and texture analysis correlated well and showed that both a high firmness and cohesiveness could not be reached in a single formulation. Furthermore, the addition of transglutaminase slightly increased firmness and cohesiveness, however, drying of sausages had a significantly higher impact on increasing hardness. These results indicate that, at lower binder contents, the structure is dominated by the extrudate particles, leading to an increased firmness but a lack of cohesiveness, whereas higher binder contents increased the cohesiveness but decreased hardness.

ANALISIS PENDEKATAN PERILAKU ORGANISASI DALAM KENDALI MUTU DAN KENDALI BIAYA SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI RS SWASTA X KOTA SEMARANG

ABSTRACTThere was a decrease in quality and cost recovery rate at Private Hospital X Semarang City during the COVID-19 pandemic. Hospitals must implement Quality Control and Cost Control during the COVID-19 pandemic. Hospitals need an understanding of organizational behavior management to optimize Quality Control and Cost Control. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the organizational behavior in quality control and cost control during the COVID-19 pandemic at Private Hospital X Semarang City. This study uses a qualitative method. The organizational behavior analysis by analyzing input, process, and outcomes aspects. Qualitative data collection using in-depth interviews. Informants were determined by purposive sampling. The mains informants consisted of three and three triangulated informants. Data analysis used the method of content analysis (content analysis) by triangulating sources and methods. The results showed that the input aspects were still lacking because they did not have detailed task descriptions understood by the team and had not made guidelines and Standard Operating Procedures (SPO) related to the implementation of quality control and cost control. The process aspects are still lacking because communication is not optimal, leadership has never conducted monitoring evaluations, and team conflicts still occur due to communication and clinical pathway non-compliance. As a result, the outcomes in organizational behavior are still not good, as seen from the lack of cohesion and the function of the quality control and cost control teams who have not carried out scheduled and routine medical audits, and have not carried out utilization.Keywords: The Organizational Behavior, Quality Control, Quality Cost, Hospital, Pandemic COVID-19

Odbiorca tłumaczenia w międzykulturowym treningu mediacyjnym (na przykładzie prac chińskich studentów polonistyki)

The aim of this paper is to present and describe the development of textual mediation skills in the approach proposed by companion volume to Common European framework of reference for languages (CEFR CV) from 2018. The approach described in CEFR CV was applied during a translatology course dedicated to Chinese students of Polish language and culture, whose intersemiotic and intralingual translations are analyzed in this paper. According to Heinz Vater the ‘text’ is a linguistic (written or oral) phenomenon that comes into realization in the context and is understandable (complete) within a given situation. It should also be cohesive (grammatically correct) and coherent (semantic consistent). All these indicators of textuality turn out to be difficult for Chinese students, ranging from the lack of cohesion, through the lack of coherence, to the communicative dependence of the target text from the source text and not taking into account features of the target recipient. The authors focus on the latter aspect and discuss the ways of presenting in the student’s translations the world depicted in the source texts as well as protagonists. They point to successful (i.e., target recipient-oriented) and unsuccessful translation solutions and identify potential causes of disruptions in the mediation process.

A novel application of the World Health Organization Community-Based Rehabilitation matrix to understand services' contributions to community participation for persons with traumatic spinal cord injury: A mixed methods study.

To utilize the World Health Organization (WHO) Community-Based Rehabilitation (CBR) matrix for understanding services' contributions to foster community participation for people with traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI). Convergent mixed-methods design with a quantitative arm describing the frequency with which services contributed to 22 of the CBR-matrix elements, and a qualitative arm involving document reviews and stakeholder interviews. Results were integrated following Onwuegbuzie and Teddlie's method (ie quan + QUAL). 20 of the 22 (91%) of the WHO-CBR elements were addressed by tSCI services. Five types of services were identified. Integrated results showed that the strengths of tSCI services were: 1) comprehensiveness; 2) essential medical services publicly funded; 3) numerous social protections available; and 4) highly active community-based organizations. Identified opportunities to improve these services were: 1) increase specificity for tSCI, and 2) increase communication and integration among services. Services available for people with tSCI in the province studied address most of the elements of the WHO-CBR matrix. However, lack of cohesion between services could create gaps that hinder community participation. Addressing these gaps could improve the quality of life and outcomes of people with tSCI.

Exploring the Vowel Space of Multicultural Toronto English

While multiethnolects have been documented in major European metropolises over the last several decades, no such varieties have been reported in North America. This is surprising given the high degree of global immigration in many North American cities. We consider Toronto, Ontario, one of the most multicultural cities in the world, and explore the features of a Multicultural Toronto English. Data comes from young people in an ethnolinguistically diverse region of the Greater Toronto Area. We investigate five vocalic phenomena: goose fronting, the Canadian Vowel Shift, Canadian raising, ban/bag tensing, and goat monophthongization. Our results indicate a great deal of interspeaker variability with some suggestion that young, immigrant men are least likely to produce normative Canadian English patterns. However, a lack of cohesion in covariation between phenomena is consistent with a multiethnolect as understood as a variable repertoire. We argue that Multicultural Toronto English represents linguistic alterity and a means of everyday resistance for young Torontonians.

Analysis of Warehouse Value-Added Services Using Pareto as a Quality Tool: A Case Study of Third-Party Logistics Service Provider

The study aims to analyse warehouse value-added services (VAS) data for a third-party logistics (3PL) service provider, which leads to identifying service improvements and cost-cutting opportunities in performing VAS for clients using Pareto analysis as a quality tool. Using a case study approach, qualitative and quantitative data were collected from a leading 3PL firm in Belgium. The approach is conducted by applying major steps of Pareto analysis. Two pharmaceutical products were analysed according to medical general classification, namely narcotic analgesics (NA) and ophthalmic antihistamines and decongestants (OAD). The results showed that the Pareto principle is proven in the NA—ticketing case, and five activities consumed 83.3 percent of the total time of VAS operations. Furthermore, in the OAD—display case, the Pareto principle is proven and six activities were validated as they accounted for 81.26 percent of the total time of primary VAS operations. The study recommended a solution to each of the four causes of delay, including lack of training/best practices, inefficient space utilization, lack of automation, and lack of cohesiveness and planning. Despite the recognized importance of avoiding warehouse operation inefficiencies, the literature lacks studies applied to practice, and few contributions exist regarding analysing 3PL service providers’ warehousing VAS operations data. This study identified all VAS activities for temperature-controlled pharmaceutical products. Moreover, the study proposes a warehouse operations improvement framework for non-automated 3PL warehouses and guides managers through Pareto analysis to cut costs and improve service level.

Study of the kenaf fibres spinnability: Influence of the percentage of kenaf cotton mixture on the yarn properties

ABSTRACT This paper presents the results of the first kenaf spinning attempt in Tunisia. Indeed, kenaf fibers are rigid and lack of cohesion that makes their spinning difficult and a challenge. So, this paper describes the possibility of spinning different blends of kenaf/cotton fibers using open end spinning machine. Five different blends of kenaf/cotton (M1:10/90, M2:20/80, M3:30/70, M4:40/60, and M5:50/50) were considered. The higher kenaf content in the blend make spinning process difficult and even impossible. The produced yarns were characterized to evaluate their mechanical properties and compare it to similar yarn performances. These blends gave different yarn counts varying from 41.86 to 69.16 tex, tenacity of 8.80 cN/tex to 10.07 cN/tex, while elongation at break of 7% to 8.93%. The results proves that kenaf/cotton 40/60 blend ratio presents the better mechanical properties and regularity with 8.80 cN/tex for tenacity and 7.68% for elongation with good regularity index Ireg = 1.25.

Principal's Efforts to Overcome the Problem of Teaching and Learning in the Field of Science

The focus of this research problem is to determine how the principal's efforts to overcome the problem of teaching and learning activities at SMAN 9 Tana Toraja. The purpose of the study was to find out the causes: the teacher often gave notes to students while the teacher concerned hung out outside the classroom, and the principal's efforts to overcome so that this incident did not run continuously; there is a lack of cohesiveness between fellow teachers and the principal's efforts to overcome so that teachers can work together, establish family relationships so that the school goals can be achieved; teachers copy the learning tools and the principal's efforts to overcome the teacher's copying of learning tools; students hang around a lot during class hours and the principal's efforts to overcome this situation. Research method: observation, interview, documentary. Findings: 1). Teachers often give notes to students because the classroom atmosphere is bland, students act less respectfully of teachers, the principal does not supervise teachers, teaching materials are lacking, and teachers who teach are not by their educational background. 2). Lack of communication between teachers, rare family gatherings, jealousy between fellow teachers. 3). Almost all teachers copy other teachers' learning tools. 4). Lack of supervision, picket teachers, are less active in controlling the situation at school. Conclusion: homerooms need to organize classrooms neatly, maintain cleanliness, and discipline students, principals must control regularly, make joint rules about discipline in class when teachers carry out teaching and learning processes HP is disabled, fulfillment of facilities and infrastructure, holding training, 2. Holding family meetings; 3. teachers make their learning tools through MGMP; 4. Picket work by the task.

Lipid peroxidation and occupational stress among workers of a private university in northern Peru

Objective: To establish the relationship between occupational stress levels and the production of malondialdehyde (MDA), as a product of lipid peroxidation, among workers of Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo in Chiclayo. Materials and methods: A descriptive, correlational research. The sample consisted of 72 workers, 37 of whom wereprofessors and 35 administrative staff members. Plasma MDA was measured spectrophotometrically by thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reaction. To determine stress, the Occupational Stress Scale, developed by Ivancevich and Matteson in 1989 and adapted by Suárez in 2013, was used. The instrument had 25 items and seven dimensions: organizational climate, organizational structure, organizational territory, technology, leadership influence, lack of cohesion and group support. Results: Twenty-three men and 49 women participated in the research. The mean age was 45.1 years and the standard deviation was 11.33, with a minimum of 25 and a maximum of 68 years. The highest percentage of high occupational stress was observed in the dimensions leadership influence (19.40 %), organizational structure (16.70 %) and organizational territory (16.70 %). A total of 39 workers (54 %), 17 of whom were men and 22 were women, had high levels of MDA—i.e., plasma values higher than 3.94 μM. Spearman’s Rho at 95 % confidence interval showed that the correlation between MDA values and sex, working in another workplace and childcare at home were p = 0.08, p = 0.61 and p = 0.33, respectively; herefore, there was no statistical significance. Conclusions: Out of all workers, 54 % had high plasma levels of MDA. Although no statistically significant correlation was found, the dimensions leadership influence, organizational structure and organizational territory showed high stress levels on the order of 19.40 %, 16.70 % and 16.70 %, respectively.

Tourism Development Strategy in Improving the Community Economy at Tanjung Bira Beach, Bonto Bahari District, Bulukumba Regency

This research is motivated by the development of the times that many tours are found in the Bonto Bahari District area, of course, there needs to be a special strategy carried out as an effort to remain competitive with other existing tours. With the existence of Tanjung Bira Beach tourism, of course, it can have a positive and negative impact on the economy of the people on Tanjung Bira Beach. The purpose of this study is to describe the tourism development strategy in improving the community's economy at Tanjung Bira Beach, describe the impact of tourism development at Tanjung Bira Beach in improving the community's economy, and describe the obstacles faced in developing tourism at Tanjung Bira Beach and the solutions taken. The results of this study indicate that: (1) Tourism development strategies in improving the economy of the surrounding community in the form of adding objects of attraction, developing accessibility, amenity, public facilities, institutions, and the potential that tourism objects already have with facilities and infrastructure that are already owned. (2) The impact of tourism development is income from foreign exchange, additional community income, additional government revenue, opening up jobs, multiplier effects, utilization of facilities by local communities, and no negative impact. (3) The obstacles faced in the development of tourism on Tanjung Bira beach are limited funds, lack of creativity of managers, and lack of cohesiveness or community involvement. The solution is in the form of regular evaluations, and receiving suggestions from visitors regarding development and what needs to be developed again.

Per un’educazione alla scrittura accademica in italiano LS utilizzando i segni interpuntivi a partire da usi e interpretazioni degli scriventi di lingue slave

This article focuses on the results of a survey on writing experiences during secondary school and the first two years of high school and on the use of punctuation marks in L1 and Italian L2 by Czech and Slovak learners. Students’ past experiences with punctuation marks in L1 and references in Czech/Slovak schoolbooks reveal a strictly syntactic approach; students practise the use of the comma only, which is assumed to have purely separating values. In order to help students develop language skills for academic writing in Italian L2 and to avoid choppy writing and lack of cohesion, the research findings suggest that the teacher should highlight the cohesive/linking values of punctuation marks. The contrastive approach can be useful to a certain degree: up to the point where the punctuation principles of the two languages are equivalent or where they seem to be equivalent.

HOW TO DO A GOOD JOB IN ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION AND EFFECTIVELY IMPROVE MANAGEMENT LEVEL

In today's era, communication is a fundamental behavior in human social behavior and one of the driving forces behind the continuous development and progress of human society. Communication is also the best way to communicate between people. In today's rapidly developing economy, enterprises are widely present around the world, and they are also one of the most basic forms of human social organization engaged in economic activities. Management communication is the lifeline of an organization, which organically connects the organization from the inside out, and has a significant impact on improving organizational efficiency and ensuring orderly operation. In today's society, the external environment faced by enterprises is constantly changing, and the organizational structure of enterprises is becoming increasingly complex. There are also significant differences in the cultural background, education level, thinking methods, behavioral habits, and many other aspects of organizational members. Poor internal communication within the enterprise, a lack of trust from managers towards employees, a weak sense of identification among employees, and a lack of cohesion are common phenomena in current enterprises. Faced with this situation, management communication, as a tool for exchanging information, solving problems, resolving conflicts, and quelling conflicts, plays a particularly important role in the business activities of enterprises.

Practices and Barriers towards Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reporting among Intern Pharmacists in Nigeria

Background: The practice of Pharmacovigilance (PV) and Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) reporting is very necessary to ensure adequate safety of all drugs in use and is an integral component of post marketing surveillance. Pharmacist, including interns are at a central position in carrying out this important function.
 Objectives: This study sought to assess the practice of pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reaction reporting and the perceived barriers towards its implementation among pharmacist interns in Nigeria.
 Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among pharmacist interns in Nigeria. The 18-item semi-structured questionnaires were administered online using simple random sampling with the snowballing technique to recruit the participants and the results were analyzed with IBM SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data. The chi-square test was used to evaluate associations.
 Results: A total of 450 pharmacist interns participated in this study. The practice of PV and ADR reporting is poor among the respondents, less than 40% of the participants have ever reported ADR before, while only 29.1% have reported ADR since starting their internship program. Only 35.8% said “yes” to documenting ADR. Verbal information (61.1%) is the most widely used method of reporting ADR. Lack of cohesion among healthcare professionals, unavailability of feedback from relevant authorities, and fear of being wrong are the most reported barriers towards PV and ADR reporting among the participants. This is a correlation between the number of months spent in internship program and the practice of PV by the participants. ‘Fear of being wrong’ is an essential barrier to PV and ADR reporting among participants in tertiary hospitals (86.0%).
 Conclusion: The practice of pharmacovigilance is poor among the participants. Many barriers also affect ADR reporting among the interns. Measures should be taken to encourage ADR reporting and the reported barriers should be reviewed to improve pharmacovigilance activities.

Plagiarism conundrum in Kenyan universities: an impediment to quality research

PurposePlagiarism has been on the rise, mainly because of increased access to the internet and digital sources. To combat the threat of plagiarism, various universities have implemented countermeasures such as capacity building, anti-plagiarism policies and the purchase of anti-plagiarism software. In Kenya, there appears to be a lack of cohesion among universities in combating plagiarism, a situation that threatens teaching, learning and research if not addressed adequately. This paper aims to review and identify anti-plagiarism practices in Kenyan universities; it further proposed various best practices and policy actions that ought to be adopted to win the fight and the misperception of plagiarism.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopted a mixed-method approach by surveying the librarians and interviewing the graduate school directors or deans to establish the strength and challenges in implementing plagiarism measures in the universities in Kenya. Before collecting data, the researcher checked the reliability of the tools by pretesting and readjusting the tools based on input from the participants.FindingsThis study established that most universities in Kenya appreciate the fact that plagiarism negatively affects the quality of teaching, learning and research. However, despite the fact that there is goodwill in the effort to combat plagiarism, there were no unified mechanisms, strategies and implementation policies in solving plagiarism issues among universities in Kenya. Different universities have adopted different strategies in terms of policy, software and capacity. Further, it was noted that the well-established/funded universities had clear stipulated mechanisms as opposed to the ill-funded universities with limited funding and budget.Practical implicationsThis research provides an opportunity for universities to make an informed choice about the policies, required capacity and software to tackle plagiarism. The findings from the study will be used to improve the quality of academic writing and standardize procedures on plagiarism by proposing policy actions needed to maximize the benefits of the investments in this venture. This study recommends a collaborations approach among universities in the fight against plagiarism. Because the Kenya Library and Information Services Consortium already supports many university cooperation, they ought to take the initiative in formulating policy, choosing the appropriate software to use and developing the necessary ability in the battle against plagiarism.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first effort to evaluate the anti-plagiarism strategies being applied in different universities in Kenya. This study demonstrates the gaps and variations in university strategies in combating academic plagiarism. The findings can be applied to improve academic communication and indeed the quality of research output at other universities in Kenya and beyond.

EXAMINING HUMAN-ANIMAL INTERACTIONS AND THEIR EFFECT ON FRAILTY IN LATER LIFE: A SCOPING REVIEW

Abstract Research suggests that human-animal interactions (HAIs) can improve the health and well-being of humans throughout their lifespan. While HAIs may facilitate healthy aging broadly, scant research has focused on HAIs as an intervention for adults aged 50 and older as it pertains to a comprehensive perspective of frailty. Moreover, scholarly literature lacks a consistent frailty definition, resulting in a lack of cohesion when evaluating the effectiveness of frailty interventions. This scoping review research proposes a comprehensive frailty definition and explores what is known about HAI interventions available to older adults as they relate to frailty statuses. Despite broad inclusion criteria, only four articles were relevant to this literature review, confirming the scarcity of relevant completed research thus far. Thematic analysis of reported results includes dog ownership as a protective factor regarding frailty statuses, the interconnected health effects of pet ownership, and meaning and purpose implications. Future interdisciplinary research should consider HAIs outside of pet ownership as frailty interventions for older adults, be mindful of population differences as they relate to intervention effectiveness, and work towards a universal, comprehensive definition of frailty that will aid in evaluating the frailty intervention effectiveness.

Shakespeare’s Plays at the Royal Theatre in Athens in the Early 20th Century

In the early 20th century, the idea of creating a state theatre in Greece matured, that was responsible for establishing the foundation of a national dramatic tradition, as well as of the art of histrionics which until that time was characterized by amateurism. The Royal Theatre opened its doors to the public in 1900 and was based on the model of German Court theatres. In other words, theatre was considered a superior form of art that had to be kept away from the lower social classes. The absence of a powerful urban class and the lack of cohesion between the urban class and the lower classes favored the role of the Court, which was influenced by Drama when it comes on shaping its public guise and consolidate its dominance, by ensuring that a specific theatre style, aesthetics and ideology were preserved. Shakespeare’s performances in Greece were based on uncritical copying of practices applied in Europe in the light of the country’s agonizing struggle to build a new national and urban class identity. The audience of the Royal Theatre was seeking its own identity within that phantasmagorical ambience; that is for points of convergence with the western model, so as to receive social recognition and feel self-justified, as participation in such events were classified as “cultured persons”. The theatrical environment itself and the utilization of works of the English poet's works played a role in solidifying the idea in Greece that Shakespeare’s plays are the exclusive privilege of the urban class.

Exploring the Effectiveness and Accessibility of Lay Summaries in Four Open-Access Journals

Lay summaries are an important aspect of research, as they aim to summarize scientific findings in a manner that is accessible to a lay audience. However, lay summaries often incorporate scientific and technical jargon, which makes it difficult for the public to understand research that they are indirectly funding. This study aimed to analyze lay summaries published in four open-access journals to compare differences in effectivity and accessibility when authors summarize the key points of a research study. Four open-access journals, PLOS Medicine, PNAS, Sage Open, and Frontiers in Psychology were analyzed using McMaster University’s LIFESCI 2AA3: Introduction to Topics in Life Sciences rubric. This rubric was created by Dr. Katie Moisse, assistant professor of curriculum and pedagogy at McMaster University, School of Interdisciplinary Science. The rubric judges for an accurate summarization of the study rationale, knowledge gap, methods, results, conclusions, limitations, and next steps, while ensuring accessibility and clarity. Results indicate that total scores are statistically significant between PLOS Medicine and PNAS, SAGE Open, and Frontiers in Psychology, but not between PLOS Medicine and Frontiers in Psychology. A lack of cohesion between journal instructions along with a decreased emphasis on scientific and technical jargon may allude to the disparity seen amongst scores for these four journals. This research depicts specific disparities between open-access journals, which may help revise journal guidelines to ensure cohesiveness and lay audience understanding.