Lack Of Buyers Research Articles

Covid-19 Led Vulnerability of Vegetable Production and Marketing: Insights from Marginal Farmers of Odisha

The global economic crisis due to COVID 19 pandemic has revealed how the supply chain of agricultural marketing has been devastated in general and vegetable farming in particular. So, this paper tried to examine the impact of COVID-19 on the vulnerability of vegetable farmers in Odisha. To execute the study, data were collected from vegetable growers through a direct personal interview method. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and a multi-variable regression model to evaluate the vulnerability of farmers as well as to identify the factors affecting the extent of vulnerability. Survey findings indicate that 71 per cent of farmers were able to sell 60-80 per cent of their harvested product in the market and the rest products were wasted. The prime reasons for the losses are lockdown, lack of buyers in the markets and fear of coronavirus spreading among consumers as well as producers. The empirical study is evident that significant factors such as production quantum, land cultivated, and having personal vehicle have negative impact on the vulnerability extent of farmers. The study got its originality, as it considers marginal farmers with both rented and owned forms of land holdings.

Sharia Economics on the Market Relocation Policy of Street Vendors in Purbalingga Food Center: Socio-Economic Conditions as the Consideration

This research investigates the impact of market relocation on the socio-economic conditions of street vendors at the Purbalingga Food Center (PFC). The relocation policy aimed to discipline street vendors, create a more representative culinary area, and address urban issues by establishing a new crowd center in the Purbalingga district. The study employs descriptive qualitative research methods, incorporating interviews, observation, and documentation for data collection. The findings reveal several outcomes: sustained positive interaction among traders, increased comfort due to improved facilities, enhanced security, decreased income for street vendors resulting from a lack of buyers, and the emergence of new business opportunities such as parking attendants and cleaning staff. Despite the income decline, the relocation brought overall benefits, aligning with Sharia economic principles. The study concludes that the government's relocation policy, while introducing challenges, ultimately generated advantages for both traders and policymakers. The results highlight the multifaceted impact of such policies, emphasizing the need for careful consideration and alignment with existing issues to maximize benefits for all stakeholders.

COVID-19 and Rural Households’ Environmental Incomes in Iran

The COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted rural livelihoods in the Global South. Environmental products, such as medicinal plants and fodder harvested in forests and rangelands, are a major source of income in many rural communities. In this paper, we investigate environmental product-related income and economic responses to the COVID-19 pandemic using face-to-face interviews with randomly selected household heads (n = 384) in 26 villages in northwestern Iran. We found that the main impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic were a decrease in income (reported by 72% of households), an increased health risk (48%), and persistent fear of infection by COVID-19 (45%). Household economies were found to be particularly reliant on animal husbandry (26% of total annual household income) and farming (26%). Environmental products contributed an average of 18% of total household income. Almost half of the households (45%) experienced lower livestock prices, a lack of buyers (49%), and a lockdown of animal markets (38%). Fodder (collected by 45% of households), medicinal plants (42%), and wild fruits (29%) were the most important environmental products harvested during the COVID-19 pandemic. We found a negative but not significant effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on total rural household income and that the COVID-19 pandemic led to a slight non-significant decrease in relative forest income. The negative impact on relative forest income resonates well with existing scholarship on livelihoods and negative shocks. It is noteworthy, however, that there is substantial scope for increasing environmental incomes and, thus, the potential of environmental products as a response option in the face of covariant shocks such as COVID-19.

Local Food Entrepreneurship in Rural India: Modelling the Challenges

Local food entrepreneurship plays a vital role in promoting and distributing regional foods. To link local food with the market, there is a need to develop local food systems that promote and support local food, its distribution and consumption. Local food entrepreneurs are constrained due to various factors prevailing in the entire rural ecosystem, which hinders their prospects of business expansion. This study focussed on identifying the commercially feasible local food products that can be produced and marketed by local entrepreneurs. Also, this study is an effort towards identifying and analysing the challenges perceived by local food entrepreneurs in rural India. The challenges were identified through a literature review and the personal interviews of the rural entrepreneurs and were then modelled through the DEMATEL (decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory) approach. The modelling of challenges helped in identifying the priority areas, based on which focused strategies were suggested for the promotion of local food entrepreneurs. From this study, it emerged that product quality issues, lack of buyers and inconsistent government policies are the most significant challenges perceived by entrepreneurs. This study also includes resource mapping for the local entrepreneurs to present a comprehensive scenario of the prevailing ecosystem.

Aspectos socioeconômicos e perfil da pesca segundo pescadores de peixes comestíveis no município de Barcelos, médio rio Negro, Amazonas, Brasil

Fishing plays a prominent role in the socioeconomic scope of the Negro River basin and is considered one of the main extractive activities in the region. The objective of this study was to describe the socioeconomic aspects of commercial fishers of edible fish who work in the municipality of Barcelos, in the middle Negro River region, as well as to highlight the scenario of the fishing activity from the point of view of the fishers. The information was collected between January and December 2016 in the municipality of Barcelos, state of Amazonas, via semi-structured questionnaires. Most interviewees were male (71.14%), aged between 18 and 82 years and a mean age of 48 years. With a low level of education, 45.0% had only incomplete elementary education and 15% were illiterate. The fishing tackle most used by fishermen was the gillnet, especially by urban fishermen (70%). Among the fishing sites, the main one was the Demeni River (50%). Commercial fishing for edible fish in Barcelos focused on Characiformes, Perciformes and Siluriformes fish. The main difficulties faced by the activity are related to the seasonality of the level of rivers and local tributaries, as well as the lack of buyers and low selling price of fish, in addition to conflicts over the use of fishing resources. Commercial fishing for edible fish is an activity of great socioeconomic importance for riverside families in the Middle River Negro basin, which needs greater attention from the public authorities. Therefore, it is expected that the information contained in this study can help in the decision-making process for the management of local fisheries resources and contribute to the resumption of growth and sustainability of commercial edible fish fisheries.

Penggunaan Informasi Akuntansi, Peran Pemerintah Dan Kinerja Pedagang Sate Ikan Tanjung Masa Pandemi Covid-19

The impact of pandemic covid-19 felt also by traders Tanjung fish satay in North Lombok. Lack of buyers causes some traders not to sell until conditions improve.This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of the use of accounting information and the role of the government on the performance of Tanjung fish satay traders during the covid-19 pandemic. The population in this study are all Tanjung fish satay traders with a total of 50 traders in the Tanjung market area, highway Tanjung or along the road to the center of North Lombok City. The sample was determined by using the Slovin formula with the sampling technique, namely incidental sampling. The number of samples that can be analyzed is 30 samples. Data were analyzed by multiple linear regression with SPSS 25 software. The results prove that the use of accounting information has a positive and insignificant effect on the performance of Tanjung fish satay traders. Meanwhile, the government's role has a positive and significant effect on the performance of Tanjung fish satay traders.Tanjung fish satay traders recognize the importance of using accounting information but have not been able to apply it due to limited human resources.

Handmade Bordir Sebagai Produk Unggulan Di Kota Probolinggo

AbstractEmbroidered craft in Indonesia is believed to be carried by many traders from China and India who carry out lots of buying and selling transactions in Indonesia, that's when these traders began to introduce embroidery crafts and their techniques. One of the leading industrial sectors is handmade products in the form of embroidery craft where initially in Probolinggo there was a center for embroidery industry but after the monetary crisis occurred in Indonesia since 1998 many craftsmen could not survive due to the high raw materials and the lack of buyers and the inability of craftsmen to reach other markets, leaving only a few that still exist today. This Community Service Activity Partner is Rizza Bordir. To achieve this goal, theCommunity Service activities are carried out using the Participatory Rural Appraisal Model (PRA), Community Development Model, through Persuasive and Educational Approaches. The results of this activity concluded that: Solving financial problems experienced by partners is to make software software, 2) Creation of new markets through online media in the form of Websites, Youtube, and Social Media is done by re-uploading files and images on IG, Facebook, Update Youtube Appearance and Start looking for Subsribe by promoting it through WA groups and Facebook, and Giving Hastage #RizzabordirProbolinggo so that the media will start to know Rizza Embroidery and can be read by Google.com and 3) That the help of tools in the form of Machines and E-commerce is expected to be maximized by Partners to be able to develop their business and increase turnover.Keywords: Rizza Embroidery, Handmade, E-Commerce

Local ecological knowledge of shellfish collectors in an extractivist reserve, Northeast Brazil: implications for co-management

The Local Ecological Knowledge of shellfish harvesters in a Northern Brazil estuary was recorded to provide socio-ecological information for the development of a co-management system. The research was carried out in the community of Acau, Paraiba state, from January to October 2015, and involved 120 shellfish harvesters (average age 44 years). Participant observations, interviews, questionnaires, free lists, and participatory mapping were used. Shellfishes were mostly collected by women as their main source of income. Most shellfish extraction sites were closest to the community and provided easy access to the resource. Twelve species of mollusks are collected, with Anomalocardia flexuosa being the most targeted species, with the highest Cognitive Salience Index—it stood out due to its relevance in terms of economic and cultural importance. The fishers stated that their main difficulties were transporting shellfish, health problems, low price and lack of buyers during winter. They would like to see the implementation of a fishery closure subsidized by unemployment insurance. We suggest that implementing management measures in conjunction with fishers’ input would be more effective than decisions based on scientific evidence alone.

O MANEJO FLORESTAL COMUNITÁRIO DA CAATINGA EM ASSENTAMENTOS RURAIS NO ESTADO DA PARAÍBA

O trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar os resultados do manejo florestal comunitário da Caatinga. Foram entrevistados 51 agricultores em três projetos de assentamentos no estado da Paraíba. Os resultados indicam que há carência de atividades produtivas nos assentamentos e que os agricultores dependem de recursos de programas sociais, aposentadorias e do trabalho fora do assentamento, para comporem a renda familiar. O manejo demonstrou ser uma atividade geradora de trabalho e renda para os assentados. Os valores anuais recebidos pelas famílias variaram de R$ 500,00 a 12.150,00 em função do estoque madeireiro e da organização para exploração. As principais dificuldades enfrentadas foram a falta de compradores e o baixo preço da lenha, resultantes do alto nível de informalidade existente entre os consumidores. Os resultados indicam que a implantação do manejo garante a manutenção da cobertura florestal em 63% da área dos assentamentos e que, a ampliação da fiscalização ambiental e a redução da burocracia para licenciamento podem estimular a prática do manejo florestal comunitário.

Variability in Cross-Domain Risk Perception among Smallholder Farmers in Mali by Gender and Other Demographic and Attitudinal Characteristics.

Previous research has shown that men and women, on average, have different risk attitudes and may therefore see different value propositions in response to new opportunities. We use data from smallholder farm households in Mali to test whether risk perceptions differ by gender and across domains. We model this potential association across six risks (work injury, extreme weather, community relationships, debt, lack of buyers, and conflict) while controlling for demographic and attitudinal characteristics. Factor analysis highlights extreme weather and conflict as eliciting the most distinct patterns of participant response. Regression analysis for Mali as a whole reveals an association between gender and risk perception, with women expressing more concern except in the extreme weather domain; however, the association with gender is largely absent when models control for geographic region. We also find lower risk perception associated with an individualistic and/or fatalistic worldview, a risk‐tolerant outlook, and optimism about the future, while education, better health, a social orientation, self‐efficacy, and access to information are generally associated with more frequent worry—with some inconsistency. Income, wealth, and time poverty exhibit complex associations with perception of risk. Understanding whether and how men's and women's risk preferences differ, and identifying other dominant predictors such as geographic region and worldview, could help development organizations to shape risk mitigation interventions to increase the likelihood of adoption, and to avoid inadvertently making certain subpopulations worse off by increasing the potential for negative outcomes.

Crop Residue in Punjab Agriculture-Status and Constraints

With 70 per cent of net sown area under paddy in kharif season and 84.6 percent of it under wheat crop in rabi season, the crop residue is generated in huge quantities. Out of this 95 per cent of paddy straw and 25 per cent of wheat straw is burnt each year. The hazardous practice has affected health, air, road safety, soil etc. leading to massive physical as well as monetary losses. The present study has been based on primary data collected from three agri-economic zones of the state to highlight the constraints pertaining to the issue. For the state as a whole, 67.47 per cent of the total sampled farmers reported not burning the residue of the crops. Lack of buyers, shortage of time for next crop, lack of assistance by the state government and lobour shortage emerged as the major reasons for the ongoing practice. Measures like utilizing it as animal feed, subsidy on machines like ‘Happy seeder’ generating lesser amount of straw during harvesting, use in cardboard factories, power generation, compost making, new crop varieties producing lesser residue as well as lower wages to carry on manual harvesting were suggested by the sampled farmers to deal with the issue. Creating awareness among farmers about ecoloss and significance of the problem itself at various fora along with strict implementation of the law prohibiting the burning of crop residue can be of further help in handing the major concern of the state.

Policy Evaluation Of Restructuring Street Vendors in Surakarta City (Study of Street Vendors in Monument Park Banjarsari and Street Vendors in Manahan Stadium)

This study examined the policy evaluation of restructuring street vendors in Surakarta city. Street vendors represent the economic actors in the informal sector of urban economic activity. The government of City/District usually removes these street vendors by disguising this activity behind the reason of structuring, . The study used descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The relocation of street vendors in Surakarta City is orderly and smooth without violence which may impact badly on physic and material because the government of Surakarta City, especially Surakarta Mayor, uses persuasive approach. Notoharjo Market is a relocation place for street vendors at Banjarsari Monument Park. In the beginning, Notoharjo Market is crowded with buyers but current days, street vendors who occupy Notoharjo Market complain about lack of buyers. The lack of buyers at Notoharjo Market is because the facilities previously provided by the government of Surakarta City are not well maintained. The government of Surakarta City must listening all complains of street vendors for the smoothness and orderliness of trading activity of street vendors. Not only listening, but the government of Surakarta City also gives appropriate and best solution to street vendors such that street vendors feel comfort in selling and their income is better than before.

Adoption of Agroforestry Systems by Farmers in Masaka District of Uganda

 High population density in Masaka district, Uganda, has led to increased pressure on land. This has resulted in reduced arable land and decreased soil fertility. In view of this, the Vi-Tree NGO Project has initiated a study to investigate the adoption of agroforestry systems by farmers in Masaka district with focus on the types of agroforestry systems practiced, incorporation of multipurpose tree and shrub species, crops grown, farm land size and land ownership, production and marketing problems, and the main items on which families expend money on. Data was collected using open-ended questionnaire interviews administered to 88 farmers randomly selected throughout the 22 subcounties of Masaka district. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings showed that the main agroforestry systems practiced are agrosilvopasture, agrosilviculture and silviculture. The study revealed that 81 woody species (75 trees and 6 shrubs) are used. 69% of these are indigenous. The most important families are Fabaceae, Moraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Combretaceae and Myrtaceae. Bananas, cassava, beans, vegetables, maize and coffee are the main crops grown. The majority of farmers hold small farm lands (1- 3 acres). Primary production problems are pests and diseases while marketing problems are many including low prices, long distances from village to farm, lack of buyers and price fluctuations. The main items they spend money on are school fees, medicines, and essential commodities. The adoption of agroforestry systems by farmers is relatively high in Masaka district. This is probably due to high demand for land, soil fertility decline, erosion problems, and demand for woody products (e.g., timber, fuel wood, and fodder, food), contact with the Vi-Tree NGO Agroforestry Project extension agents, and need to increase crop yield. High levels of personal land ownership has probably contributed to the adoption of agroforestry systems to promote long-term production.   

Governing Of Marketing In Bulgarian Farms

Attempt has been made to identify dominant forms and factors for output realization in Bulgarian farms. New Institutional and Transaction Costs Economics framework is used to estimate comparative efficiency of various modes for realization of farm outputs in farms of different type (unregistered, cooperative, agro-firms) and various sizes (small, middle-size, large). Study is based on a large-scale microeconomic data collected through interviews with managers of 0.5% of commercial farms in the country. Big institutional, economic, and behavioral uncertainty combined with high assets specificity and low recurrence of transactions, have blocked formation of agrarian markets in the country. Market has failed to organize significant part of inputs supply and outputs realization transactions. However, agrarian agents have developed various private modes to overcome transacting difficulties and to govern their dependent transactions. A great variety of in-farm production and processing, personal contacts, long-term marketing contracts, and interlinked modes etc. have come to existence and they characterize dominant structures for outputs realization in Bulgarian farming today. Major type of farming outputs realization (household consumption and giving to friends and relatives; production in-farm consumption; additional processing in-farm; long-term contract for outside processing; sell) in farms of different types and sizes has been identified and their relative share in brut farm output determined. Product specificity (grain, vegetables, fruits and grape, live animals and meat, milk, others) and its relation to specific organizational choice of outputs realization (member cooperative; other farm, cooperative or firms; retail trade; wholesale trade to store, hotel, restaurant; commodity exchange; wholesale market; in-farm processing; state reserve; direct export) have been identified and microeconomic factors for governance choice discussed. Importance of diverse factors for preferring a particular buyer or mode for realization of farm outputs (lack of alternative buyer; best prices; maximum profit; minimum risk; cheapest way; maximum security; high trust; tradition; frequency of transactions with the same partner) have been specified. Prominence of various transacting problems for realization (lack of buyers; low prices; unstable prices; no price information; no buyer information; buyer is better informed; unreliable partner; not-fulfillment of negotiated terms; controlling and enforcement of contracts; non-business factors etc.) for main farming products and type of farms have been specified. In the same way the significance of chief factors for successful realization (mutual benefits for partners; written contract; oral agreement; third-party assistance; good will of partners; tradition; trust; beneficial for farm prices; lack of competition) have been identified. High marketing costs along with the big enforcement costs of contracts in general, and enormous credit supply costs are the major factors restricting farm enlargement of Bulgarian farms as present stage. Besides, the most important factors for farm development in future relate to improvement of institutional environment (guaranteed marketing, enforcement of Laws and private contracts, macro-economic stability, legislation framework, access to free markets), and own and family experience in farm management.

Case Study

After coping with sagging equity volatility in the spring (and numerous concerns about how far it might fall), the emergence of a new round of corporate accounting issues combined with evidence of continued shaky operating results to generate more than enough volatility in the second quarter for convertible arbitrageurs. However, as is typically the case, the large upward volatility spikes were frequently accompanied by credit-spread deterioration and premium erosion among names where any operational question marks existed. The rocky environment has led to a renewed focus on risk management as managers reevaluate exposures across their portfolios. This activity has prompted sales in more speculative names, with a lack of buyers for this supply pressuring premiums in the associated issues. Meanwhile, however, arbitrageurs continue to have ample available buying power. As a result, among more “visible” names, implied volatilities rose slightly during this difficult period, and we believe will remain firm in coming months. In this case study, we provide an overview of convertible arbitrage trends and selected winner and loser arbitrage positions in the U.S., Europe, and Asia.