Lack Of Autonomy Research Articles

Low status, humiliation, dopamine and risk of schizophrenia.

The social defeat hypothesis of schizophrenia, which proposes that the chronic experience of outsider status or subordinate position leads to increased striatal dopamine activity and thereby to increased risk, has been criticized. The aims of this paper are to improve the definition of defeat and to integrate the social defeat hypothesis with the neurodevelopmental hypothesis. Marmot advanced the idea that low status is pathogenic in that it is associated with a lack of social participation and a lack of autonomy. Given the similarity with outsider status and subordinate position, we re-define social defeat as low status. From this new perspective it is also likely that pre-schizophrenic impairments (of neurodevelopmental origin or not) are pathogenic in that they contribute to low status. The effect of low status may be enhanced by repeated exposure to humiliation, but few studies have measured this variable. Since most individuals exposed to low status do not develop schizophrenia, we propose that this risk factor increases the risk of disorder in the presence of a poor homeostatic control of dopamine neurons in midbrain and dorsal striatum. This is consistent with studies of healthy subjects which report a negative association between low socio-economic status and dopamine D2/D3 receptor availability in the dorsal striatum. In this new version of the social defeat hypothesis we propose that the combination of low status, repeated humiliation and poor homeostatic control of dopamine neurons in midbrain and dorsal striatum leads to increased striatal dopamine activity and thereby to an increased risk of schizophrenia.

Factors That Influence, Exacerbate, Contribute or Promote Violence in Couples.

Life as a couple, and their ability to solve problems or not, can result in the relationship being satisfactory and functional or unsatisfactory and dysfunctional, which increases the risk of violence with serious implications. For that reason, it is important to isolate the risk factors to prevent and treat unsatisfactory and dysfunctional relationships. The qualitative interpretive exploratory method was used, analysing 50 sessions of group psychotherapy with patients from a reproductive health institution whose relationships faced violent problems. The identified factors were the lack of autonomy in one of the partners, unresolved internal factors, a combination of external factors and factors caused by their interaction; symmetrical and asymmetrical violence, subjugation of one before the other, intergenerational violence, family violence during childhood and normalisation of violence. Isolating factors to understand relationship problems at risk of manifesting violence opens the possibility of effective, specific and preventive treatments of family and intimate partner violence.

The relevance of modifying the remote modality in the educational scope in universities in proportion to the expansion of SARS-CoV-2

Considering the adaptations in the educational scope made as a result of the pandemic condition associated with the SARS-CoV-2 microorganism, this work aims to evaluate the impact of the remote modality in higher education institutions during the current pandemic period. Therefore, a systematic literature review was carried out, associated with exclusion criteria that include theses, dissertations, or works published in annals and databases such as PubMed. Several public and private institutions have adopted pedagogical didactic strategies due to the widespread of COVID- 19, aiming to offer greater academic support to students due to the isolation measures required by government agents, generating changes in the conventional study environment, so as not to compromise the learning of students. higher education students. Among the main problems pointed out by the students who evaluated the remote modality, there is the impairment of concentration, learning difficulties, as well as the absence of an environment conducive to academic dedication. However, it appears that the pandemic state has brought about changes in higher education institutions, including the emergence of new problems such as the lack of autonomy in students in the learning aspect and the need to build methodologies aimed at engaging the student, enabling the continuity of the process pedagogical.

A Sociopsychological Study on The Sources of Stress Among Adolescents in Developing Countries

Compared with adolescents in developed countries, adolescents in developing countries face more significant and specific pressures, negatively impacting their mental health. Given that nearly 90% of the 1.2 billion young people around the world live in developing countries, it is crucial for researchers to understand the sources of these pressures. This article applies relevant theories and research methods of social psychology to explore the social, cultural, economic, and developmental pressures faced by adolescents in developing countries. Research has shown that poverty, family obligations, educational competition, lack of autonomy, and constantly changing social norms are the primary sources of stress for adolescents in developing countries, significantly affecting their mental health. The social pressure theory, self-determination theory, and cultural adaptation framework provide valuable perspectives for conceptualizing the behavioral and ideological characteristics of adolescents. Based on the previous study, this article will aim to discuss and evaluate the sources providing stress to teenagers in developing countries to help cultivate a healthy next generation.

Prevalence of occupational stress in health care personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study.

Occupational stress has been exacerbated in health care personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic, which can harm the health of professionals, managers and the population. To estimate the prevalence of occupational stress in professionals of the Family Health Strategy of a Health District in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study carried out with 105 professionals from the Family Health Strategy teams of three Family Health Units in a Health District in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. A questionnaire with sociodemographic and work information and the Work Stress Scale were applied. Numerical stress values were categorized, from the average, into low and high stress levels. Measures of central tendency and bivariate analysis between stress and other variables were calculated. The high level of stress presented a prevalence of 46.7%, with the following most punctuated TSE stressors: lack of qualifications, few prospects for career growth, deficiency in the disclosure of decisions, discrimination at work and lack of autonomy. The prevalence of a high level of occupational stress among health professionals at Family Health Units reached 46.7% of the sample studied; a fact that deserves awareness on the part of managers regarding the promotion and protection of the health of health care personnel.

FATORES PSICOSSOCIAIS E SÍNDROME DE BURNOUT EM PROFESSORES DA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA

ABSTRACT Burnout Syndrome is a disorder resulting from chronic stress at work. It affects workers from different areas, including teachers. This is a systematic review study with the objective of verifying the association between psychosocial factors at work (PFW) and burnout in elementary education teachers. Articles from the PubMed, Scielo and Capes Journals databases, published between 2014 and 2018, that used the Maslach Burnout Inventory in the burnout evaluation were analyzed. The results showed a variable prevalence of burnout among teachers. In addition to infrastructure problems, high work demands, lack of autonomy, poor quality of relationships, and physical and psychological violence experienced in schools were the main risk factors for burnout. It is recommendable that we consider the psychosocial and organizational factors of work in the prevention actions of Burnout Syndrome.

Understanding the Influence of Socio-Cultural Factors in School Drop Out of Girls: A study in two districts of Madhesh Province, Nepal

This paper sheds light in understanding the socio-cultural determinants for school dropout among adolescent girls in Dhanusha and Rautahat districts of Nepal. This study employed a mixed method approach to explore the reasons for dropout. The finding derived a conclusion that discriminatory gender norms, and traditional beliefs and practices lead girls to drop out. The research suggests traditional beliefs regarding women as wives with majority of the domestic responsibilities and early marriage limit their educational opportunities. Additionally, restricted mobility and lack of autonomy, and menstrual stigma also leads to school dropout. This study therefore aims to illuminate the importance of understanding these underlying factors in order to work towards creating a supportive environment that promotes girls’ autonomy, and agency within their household, and communities.

N ASSESSMENT OF URBAN SERVICE DELIVERY IN IFE EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF OSUN STATE, NIGERIA

This study assessed urban service delivery in Ife East Local Government Area of Osun State, Nigeria. It found that not all residents were fully aware of the statutory duties of the local government. Markets and motor parks were the only urban services with an acceptable condition; all other urban services were adjudged poor. The local government scored low on statutory responsibilities; however, residents identified corruption, lack of autonomy, and other problems adversely affecting the performance of the local government. Recommendations are proffered towards improved urban service delivery in the local government area and others in Nigeria.

ПАРАДОКСЫ ТЕРРИТОРИАЛЬНО-ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННОГО РАЗВИТИЯ РОССИИ

Objective of the study is to identify the main trends in the development of Russian regions that were formed throughout the post-Soviet period. The article presents the results of a retrospective analysis of data obtained in the course of studies of Russian regions from the early 1990s to 2022. The methodological basis of the research. In the course of the study, various theoretical and methodological approaches were used, including A. Touraine's actionism, actor-network theory, the concept of a society of universal risk, the concept of a systemic accident. Perrow and a number of others, including the approach developed by the author of the article based on the contradiction of free and normalized action. Qualitative methods of data collection and analysis were used in the research. A retrospective study of their results is based on the interpretation of globalization as flows and networks and the theory of the global city. Research results. The article shows that spatial development is not identical to regional development, and economic development in the regional space may be unrelated or poorly connected with the vital activity of local society. Its main actors are Moscow (at the place of registration and payment of taxes) corporations. The formalization and bureaucratization of the federal administration increases the possibilities of its centralization, which does not contribute to regional development. Governance in Russian conditions has always combined centralization with a certain freedom of action of regional and local actors due to the vastness of the territory and the diversity of regional life. The lack of autonomy in decision-making at the regional and local levels, standardization of requirements in vital areas for the population (education and health) lead to their degradation and, as a result, become factors of depopulation of vast territories. Modern spatial transformations are focused on the formation of a communication network characteristic of the era of globalization with large agglomerations as nodes. It has an indirect relation to the development of regions, being carried out on their territory and at the expense of their resources. The article also demonstrates the traditional connection between industrial and socio-cultural development in Russia on the example of the Chelyabinsk region. It is shown that the technocratic nature of modern transformations leads to the formation of a cosmopolitan identity. Prospects of the study are connected with further research of the main vectors of territorial and spatial development of Russian regions, which are associated with the economic, technological and socio-cultural development of Russia as a whole.

Specific Anxiety Situations and Coping Strategies in Full English Medium Instruction Engineering Programs

While there is an increasing number of research studies on English medium instruction in Thailand in the university context, very few have explored the strand of foreign language anxiety. Not only that, methodological limitations exist concerning real-time anxiety reports. To broaden the research scope on English medium instruction and foreign language anxiety as well as to overcome limitations in methods, the present study used a smartwatch, journaling, and semi-structured interview to explore the specific anxiety situations and coping strategies in full English medium instruction among engineering students in Thailand. Among four volunteer participants purposely drawn from the anxiety survey, their average heartbeat per minute ranges from 72.3 to 107.8. Based on their journals and individual semi-structured interviews, several factors of specific anxiety situations found were communication apprehension, cognitive processing anxiety, the difficulty of the English medium instruction course, fear of making mistakes, lack of autonomy, perceived negative teacher acts, peer negative evaluation and test anxiety. The factor common among the participants was lack of autonomy. Further findings demonstrated coping strategies to relieve their feelings of anxiety such as preparation, relaxation, positive thinking, peer support, resignation, asking teacher’s help, translation, self-talk, being focused on task, lesson review, and metacognition. Finally, pedagogical implications were discussed to help language and content teachers address anxiety experienced by students in EMI programs.

Exploring the Coordination Matter in Urban Governance: A Critical Analysis

The study aims to draw attention to the problem of dual urban management. The local level of governance has a crucial role in national politics. ULG is the aspect of any government system that is given the most priority. It serves as a pillar for forming policies, and the framework of urban bodies is essential to a successful urbanization system. Bangladesh has seen fast urbanization during the previous several decades. Urban government entities like City Corporations and special-purpose agencies are given some responsibility for beautiful urban design and providing better services to its citizens. Both original data for Cumilla City Corporation and secondary data from various sources were used in this exploration for Dhaka City Corporation. DCC split into two businesses at the same time, and CuCC was founded in 2011. Twenty respondents were chosen from randomly department officials and elected officials to gather primary data using the KIIs tool and secondary data utilizing observation. They consequently deal with a variety of issues. The lack of autonomy, the improper mobilization of local resources, the lack of sound management, the functional overlap, various modes of operation, and patterns of accountability, have all been identified as major issues and barriers to the improvement of urban infrastructural quality in this paper. Those create hazards and chaos situation among the different institutions associated with the management of Comilla and Dhaka City Corporation. This article also proposed some recommendations by which these problems can be reduced.

Fundamental Aspects for Psychological Evaluation in Pediatric Kidney Transplantation

Introduction:Kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients with severe Chronic Kidney Disease, as it offers better survival and quality of life compared to dialysis treatment. Children and adolescents with Chronic Kidney Disease, from a very young age, experience recurrent hospitalizations, undergo painful procedures and exams, in addition to presenting impairments in their physical, cognitive and emotional development, with implications for their self-image, psychosocial issues and adherence to treatment. The psychological assessment in the pre-transplant period makes it possible to identify risk factors through the understanding of the individual’s integral dynamics. Objective: To analyze the fundamental aspects of psychological evaluation in pediatric kidney transplantation. Methods: Integrative review with scientific articles published from 2010 onwards, in Portuguese, Spanish and English, available in the SciELO, PubMed and BVS databases, with a thematic content analysis proposed by Bardin. Results: The results pointed to the scarcity of studies on the subject, especially recent and regionalized studies. Most of the articles did not specifically address psychological assessment in pediatric kidney transplantation, however, they pointed out fundamental aspects to be observed during the assessment, with a prevalence of themes such as: lack of autonomy, negative self-perception, emotional repercussions, in family relationships and adherence. Conclusion: Psychological assessment in pediatric kidney transplantation makes it possible to identify risk factors that may contraindicate treatment or create interventions that contribute to positive results. The importance of carrying out more studies in the area is highlighted, considering the sociocultural interference and the work in a multidisciplinary team.

Qualification de stérilisateurs à basse température au peroxyde d’hydrogène : vers une meilleure harmonisation des pratiques ?

Comparing performance qualification procedures for low temperature vaporized hydrogen peroxide sterilization. Assessing conformity with draft standard ISO/DIS 22441. Qualification reports from several providers have been compared according to specific criteria: choices of cycles, loads, sterile barrier systems, probes, biological and chemical indicators; checking of packaging integrity and exposure to sterilizing agent. Six out of 8reports based on 4distinct sterilizers have been performed by third-party providers. Routine and process challenge devices are respectively used in 6and 3of these reports. Sizes and masses are never mentioned whereas load configuration is always specified. All reports use at least one biological indicator and 50% of them use one chemical indicator at a minimum. Most frequent wrapping materials are Ultra® and Tyvek® bags (respectively 50% and 37.5% of reports). Each qualification monitors per process pression and temperature, and 37.5% of them also quantify hydrogen peroxide concentration. Packaging integrity and environmental exposure are checked in respectively 50% and 12.5% of all reports. All reports have received providers approval. Qualification procedure is based on steam sterilization NF EN 14937standard, which seems unsuitable for low temperature process. The lack of autonomy, the heterogeneity of loads and measurement choices reveal a low harmonization of practices. New standard should dispel the doubts about this heterogeneity.

Factors that hinder the thesis writing process of non-native MA students in ELT: supervisors' perspectives

PurposeDeveloping graduate students' academic writing has been a major concern for many scholars over the past few years. Existing literature on the challenges of thesis writing has not focused on master's students in English language teaching (ELT). Data on the challenges have been mainly gathered from the theses and focused on the structure and genre requirements. Few available studies have investigated such challenges through the lens of supervisors in an international context. Knowledge about the factors hindering the thesis writing process of non-native MA students in English from the supervisors' perspectives is scarce. This study attempts to fill these gaps by answering this question: From supervisors' perspectives, what factors hinder the thesis writing process of non-native MA students?Design/methodology/approachThirty supervisors from state and private universities across Iran voluntarily participated in this qualitative study. Drawing upon teachers' diaries and semi-structured interviews, the authors identified major factors negatively influencing the thesis work of master's students. Data were transferred into NVivo 10 and analyzed thematically following Colaizzi's method.FindingsThe study found that factors constraining students' writing were (1) students' lack of effort, (2) students' lack of a strategy for writing, (3) students' lack of autonomy and (4) students' absence of voice.Originality/valueThe authors discuss the practical implications of these factors for different stakeholders. There is a growing interest in postgraduate students' thesis writing processes. Surprisingly, no research exists on supervisors' perceptions of factors that constrain the thesis writing process of non-native English master's students.

The effect of work area on work alienation among China’s grassroots judicial administrators

Work alienation refers to mental self-separation from work, and it is an integral reflection of workers and their work. Few studies have explored the association between work area and work alienation among grassroots judicial administrators. A stratified sampling method was used to collect data from 288 grassroots judicial administrators in Guangzhou to measure the overall status quo and work alienation in this group. This study found that the current grassroots judicial administrative team has a reasonable structure, high professional quality, and rich grassroots work experience, but a high level of work intensity (Mean = .667) and a lack of autonomy (Mean = .757) are prominent. Work area (unstandardized regression coefficient, B = .917) is significantly related to work alienation when controlling for sociodemographic and work characteristic variables: the closer the work area is to the city centre areas, the higher the level of work alienation. In addition, education level also has a significant effect on work alienation: the lower the individual education level is, the stronger the work alienation. The discussion focuses on the knowledge needs in grassroots judicial administrative work and the importance of the external working environment, and further research implications are proposed.

What Is on Your Gig Radar? Toward a Hierarchical Structure of Coping.

Digitalized independent workers, known as gig workers, have been shown to work under high-pressure, with a lack of autonomy, a lack of feedback and perceived competence, and a high level of isolation. We conducted a literature review to investigate how gig workers cope with these sources of stress. We identified primary sources of psychological stress in gig work and the main strategies used by workers for coping with them. We show that focusing solely on identifying coping strategies depicts a fragmented literature, making it impossible to compare, link, or aggregate findings. We suggest a radar classification of coping based on the motivational action theory of coping and self-determination theory that defines coping as a process to adapt to the environment and maintain well-being. We argue that this framework is both relevant and necessary for developing research on gig-worker coping.

Investigating the Effectiveness of Professional Development Presentations in Language Institute: Needs More or Enough

The concept of professional development has grown immensely in universities especially after the pandemic, with studies showing that presentations improve teacher efficiency, teacher and student motivation, student learning, and teacher involvement in academic activities. They may, however, be viewed as a facilitating device and as part of a culture of 'improvement,' which suggests a lack of interest and commitment, less or no involvement in academic activities, lack of autonomy, and more expectations. However, there is a relatively little known study in this field. This article attempts to fill up the gaps in our understanding by using data from teacher participants who attended presentations as a part of the teacher professional program at the English language Institute, Jazan University. The follow-up survey includes male and female (n=169) teachers working in various colleges. The findings suggest teachers considered the presentations extremely essential and provide significant guidance and support for routine teaching and research. They did emphasize, however, the implication of the professional development initiatives to accomplish teaching and learning outcomes, enhance collaboration and communication between decision-makers and teachers, between teachers, and across institutions, and also create a mechanism that will include topics related to unresolved teachers’, students and classroom problems. Also, the article advocates for a PD paradigm in which teachers are actively engaged in teaching and learning activities that push them to apply content, reflect, and solve problems both individually and in groups inside and beyond the classroom.

Impossible Dreaming: On Speculative Education Fiction and Hopeful Learning Futures

In this paper, we grapple with the possibility of rethinking education futures by arguing for the continued use of speculative education fiction in critical education studies, a method which has the potential for radical imagination. However, we note that, as a research method, such fictions need to rely less on what we identify as pessimistic visions of the future, which are visions exploring themes such as disconnection, lack of autonomy and sovereignty, and technological, corporate, state and/or authoritarian control, as these visions and themes are currently over-represented in recent publications using this method. We further demonstrate the limits of these thematic visions by tracing the relationship between the ways in which pessimistic storytelling, related as it is to apocalyptic storytelling, risks reinforcing inequality, especially with respect to settler colonial injustice. Alternatively, we propose using this method to help develop hopeful futures. These are futures shaped by themes, such as connection, agency and community and individual flourishment, and suggest a turn to the genres of hopepunk, solarpunk and visionary fiction as models of storytelling grounded in hope which imagines more liberatory education and learning futures.

Capturing the experiences of UK healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A structural topic modelling analysis of 7,412 free-text survey responses.

BackgroundHealthcare workers (HCWs) have provided vital services during the COVID-19 pandemic, but existing research consists of quantitative surveys (lacking in depth or context) or qualitative interviews (with limited generalisability). Structural Topic Modelling (STM) of large-scale free-text survey data offers a way of capturing the perspectives of a wide range of HCWs in their own words about their experiences of the pandemic.MethodsIn an online survey distributed to all staff at 18 geographically dispersed NHS Trusts, we asked respondents, “Is there anything else you think we should know about your experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic?”. We used STM on 7,412 responses to identify topics, and thematic analysis on the resultant topics and text excerpts.ResultsWe identified 33 topics, grouped into two domains, each containing four themes. Our findings emphasise: the deleterious effect of increased workloads, lack of PPE, inconsistent advice/guidance, and lack of autonomy; differing experiences of home working as negative/positive; and the benefits of supportive leadership and peers in ameliorating challenges. Themes varied by demographics and time: discussion of home working decreasing over time, while discussion of workplace challenges increased. Discussion of mental health was lowest between September-November 2020, between the first and second waves of COVID-19 in the UK.DiscussionOur findings represent the most salient experiences of HCWs through the pandemic. STM enabled statistical examination of how the qualitative themes raised differed according to participant characteristics. This relatively underutilised methodology in healthcare research can provide more nuanced, yet generalisable, evidence than that available via surveys or small interview studies, and should be used in future research.

The Effect of Care Quality by Managing the Institute of Anatomy Pathology in Kosovo

Abstract Background: The management of the Institute of Pathological Anatomy in Kosovo is the only institution providing tertiary diagnostic services for the population of Kosovo. In the diagnosis and treatment of patients in the IPA, the priority is to manage the quality and accuracy of the diagnostic results. The IPA mission is to improve workflow management, reduce diagnostic errors, increase speed and diagnose quality. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of quality of care diagnostic services in IPA and to assess to the management of IPA to change the factors that have affected the management of the institution so far. These factors relate to centralization, lack of autonomy, lack of financial resources for facility maintenance, lack of modern diagnostic equipment, lack of clinical specialties, lack of medical reagents, lack of clinical protocols. Bureaucratic hacks designed by health policy makers in Kosovo have influenced the progress of the IPA, so slowly to date. Method: With a random sampling, 250 patients with different health problems (tumors) were recruited into the IPA for the period January 2018. The average age of participating subjects (n=250) by random sampling was 56.6 ± 11.6 years, where age group the youngest of patients ranging from 20 to 35 years old, which accounts for 6, 40% of the total number of patients diagnosed, the age group 36-50 is 32.80%, the age group of 51-65 years old 42% and the age group> 65 years old represents 18.80% of the total number of patients diagnosed in IPA. Results: The abstract concludes with a list of evidences facing the public IPA in Kosovo. IPA’s management role is a new approach, important to Kosovo and the health of its population. Increasing and timely provision of patient diagnosis is the achievement of institution management and the advancement of diagnostic quality of examinations in this institution. The evidence, that collaboration between IPA's internal and external clinicians and the use of advanced technology will significantly increase the patient's diagnostic activity. Finding outcomes will have a theoretical and practical impact on improving IPA work by recommending a research with some key findings for IPA management.