Lack Of Attention Research Articles

Research on the Matching Mechanism Between E-Commerce Channels and Advertising Appeals

An increasing number of enterprises are adopting a dual-channel business strategy that combines short video e-commerce with traditional e-commerce in their online activities. Previous research on advertising appeals has primarily focused on ad content, products, and consumers. However, the lack of attention given to shopping channels raises a question for the retail industry: How can enterprises create differentiated ads that cater to the needs of consumers in different channels? Across three studies, this research builds upon the regulatory focus theory to demonstrate that consumers on e-commerce platforms, as opposed to short video platforms, are more likely to adopt a prevention-focused mindset rather than a promotion-focused one and vice versa. This positive consumer response arises from the flow experience generated by the regulatory fit between e-commerce channels and advertising appeals. The findings of this research offer both theoretical and practical contributions to the realms of marketing and e-commerce.

Historical Background, Origin, Distribution & Present Status of Wood Apple

Wood apple (Feronia limonia L.; Rutaceae family) commonly known as poor man’s fruit in India due to its several nutraceutical importance, is native to South India and Sri Lanka. Sanskrit term, “kapittha,” receives several mentions in a number of ancient texts including “Hinduism: an Alphabetical Guide”. Buddhist scholar mentioned wood apple as an Indian fruit while, military commander and poet Chauvundaraya (940-989AD) listed wood apple in numerous medicinal remedies and also mentioned in Charak Samhita and Sushruta Samhita. Wood apple has been planted extensively or being allowed to grow naturally in the reserved forests throughout Southeast Asia, Northern Malaysia and on Penang Island. In India, it is more common in Deccan, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Chhatishgarh, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala and Odisha, however, no data is available for its area and production. Unfortunately, the lack of attention has meant that their potential value is under-exploited and they are in danger of continued genetic erosion, ultimately leading to disappearance. Therefore, it is necessary to spread the awareness of its importance among common people and researches to identify superior genotypes, production problems of wood apple for their ex-situ collection, conservation, evaluation and utilization that is being explained by this study after having various literatures available in different forms from different sources. This review article will help future researchers to conserve as well as explore the possible benefits of this crop to the common people harnessing societal value of growers.

Poetic Expression of Gay Lexicon Conveyed through Imagery in Lines of Poems

The focus of this study revolves around gay literature, specifically the poetics related to homosexuality. Gay literature includes literary works authored by individuals who identify as gay, as well as literary works by heterosexual writers that explore or discuss homosexual themes, and literary works that incorporate gay terminology. While there have been recent studies on gay literature and works, there has been a lack of attention given to gayspeak, which can be referred to more formally as a lavender lexicon, being incorporated into texts or selections that are thought to have literary significance. The study seeks to address how gayspeak is depicted in literature. Are there poetic elements present in texts that use gayspeak? The study seeks to determine the potential impact of homosexual poetics or gay speak on the advancement of literature and the teaching of literature, particularly about its literary qualities. The study utilized a limited selection of only two poems due to the scarcity of available poetry incorporating gay language. Every poetry in the collection is accompanied by translations in Filipino and English, which accurately convey the original phrases written in gayspeak. The poems were assessed based on their poetic substance and the extent to which the language used in the poem's lines demonstrates literary qualities, which is the study's primary objective. The analysis of these poems involved the application of established theories and research, such as Shklovsky’s concept of Defamiliarization (2004) and the Imagery and Symbolism concept by Dimalanta and Abad (2003). Gay language in poetry has literary qualities, conveying meaning through imagery. It enhances comprehension of a poet's work and creative process. Studying imagery provides insight into the poet's production and interpretation of the text, whether written in standard or specialized language.

Metagenomic discovery of microbial eukaryotes in stool microbiomes.

Host-associated microbiota form complex microbial communities that are increasingly associated with host behavior and disease. While these microbes include bacterial, archaeal, viral, and eukaryotic constituents, most studies have focused on bacteria due to their dominance in the human host and available tools for investigation. Accumulating evidence suggests microbial eukaryotes in the microbiome play pivotal roles in host health, but our understandings of these interactions are limited to a few readily identifiable taxa because of technical limitations in unbiased eukaryote exploration. Here, we combined cell sorting, optimized eukaryotic cell lysis, and shotgun sequencing to accelerate metagenomic discovery and analysis of host-associated microbial eukaryotes. Using synthetic communities with a 1% microbial eukaryote representation, the eukaryote-optimized cell lysis and DNA recovery method alone yielded a 38-fold increase in eukaryotic DNA. Automated sorting of eukaryotic cells from stool samples of healthy adults increased the number of microbial eukaryote reads in metagenomic pools by up to 28-fold compared to commercial kits. Read frequencies for identified fungi increased by 10,000× on average compared to the Human Microbiome Project and allowed for the identification of novel taxa, de novo assembly of contigs from previously unknown microbial eukaryotes, and gene prediction from recovered genomic segments. These advances pave the way for the unbiased inclusion of microbial eukaryotes in deciphering determinants of health and disease in the host-associated microbiome.IMPORTANCEMicrobial eukaryotes are common constituents of the human gut where they can contribute to local ecology and host health, but they are often overlooked in microbiome studies. The lack of attention is due to current technical limitations that are heavily biased or poorly recovered DNA from microbial eukaryotes. We developed a method to increase the representation of these eukaryotes in metagenomic sequencing of microbiome samples that allows to improve their detection compared to prior methods and allows for the identification of new species. Application of the technique to gut microbiome samples improved detection of fungi, protists, and helminths. New eukaryotic taxa and their encoded genes could be identified by sequencing a small number of samples. This approach can improve the inclusion of eukaryotes into microbiome research.

Storytelling Sebagai Metode Pembelajaran Maharah Kalam

Storytelling is a learning method that provides stimulation for students to interact through stories. The research aims to analyze the implementation, advantages and disadvantages, as well as supporting and inhibiting factors of storytelling as a maharah kalam learning method at MA Muallimin Al-Huda Jombang. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with the type of field research. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis uses the analytical techniques of Mattew B. Milless and A. Michael Hubermen, including data correction, data reduction, data presentation, and verification or drawing conclusions. The research results show that storytelling is effective and efficient in improving the quality of students' maharah kalam learning. The advantages of this method include increasing motivation, interaction, cooperation, self-confidence, making stories more lively, making it easier to understand the material, and enriching vocabulary. However, the drawback is that if the teacher is less expressive, students can lose focus, get bored or sleepy. Supporting factors for this method are teacher enthusiasm, interesting stories, the teacher's ability to present stories, adequate learning resources, a conducive environment, and sufficient facilities and infrastructure. Inhibiting factors include limited time, teachers' difficulties in conveying interesting stories, students' lack of ability to read texts, students' lack of attention, and differences in students' levels of understanding.

Attending to adversarial science communication: a commentary on Lewenstein and Baram-Tsabari’s vision of science communication education

ABSTRACT Unlike K-12 science teachers who can turn to national documents such as the Next Generation Science Standards for guidance on what knowledge and skills are central to their disciplines, university educators who set out to teach science communication are faced with the challenge of having to develop/implement a curriculum without the benefit of a well-established disciplinary core. In the present commentary, we discuss how the framework proposed by Lewenstein and Baram-Tsabari’s (2022) begins to address this issue by taking a first step toward the articulation of a blueprint of science communication education. The commentary is organized as follows. First, Lewenstein and Baram-Tsabari’s (2022) article is considered in light of prior work by other science communication scholars. Attention then shifts to what our own research has revealed as an important absence in Lewenstein and Baram-Tsabari’s (2022) framework, namely the lack of attention given to training in adversarial science communication (e.g. addressing pseudoscience online, public debates). We then end by suggesting ways to attend to this issue, while emphasizing the need for continued field-wide (re)formulation of a common educational vision in/for the teaching and learning of science communication.

Age and racial and ethnic disparities in filled buprenorphine prescriptions post-emergency department visit in Nevada.

We described age, gender, race, and ethnicity associations with filling buprenorphine prescriptions post-emergency department (post-ED) visits. We analyzed 1.5 years (July 1, 2020-December 31, 2021) of encounter-level Medicaid ED and retail pharmacy claims data obtained from the Nevada Department of Health and Human Services. We studied ED patients with an opioid use disorder (OUD) diagnosis who did not fill a prescription for OUD medications within 6 months before the ED encounter. Using logistic regression, we modeled the associations between the patient's demographic characteristics and the outcome, filling a buprenorphine prescription at a community pharmacy within 14 or 30 days of the ED encounter. Among 2781 ED visits, representing 2094 patients, the median age was 39 years, 54% were male, 18.5% were Black, 11.7% were Hispanic, and 62.3% were White. Only 4% of the ED visits were followed by a filled buprenorphine prescription. Increasing age (14-day window: adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=0.965, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.948-0.983) and being a Black patient (14-day window: aOR: 0.114, 95% CI 0.036-0.361) were both associated with lower odds of filled buprenorphine prescriptions. These results were similar within 30 days of an ED visit. Initiation of buprenorphine following an ED visit remains low among Nevadan Medicaid patients and is less likely with increasing age and among Black patients, despite strong evidence supporting its use. Overburdened EDs, lack of attention from managers, and substance use stigma are among possible explanations. When ED clinicians do write buprenorphine prescriptions, peer recovery support could increase the fill rates.

The gender and sex data gap in anterior cruciate ligament injuries in paediatric patients.

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is a concerning problem in the paediatric population, impacting joint health and longevity. Moreover, ACL injury hampers physical activity, which is important for children's social network and general well-being. Recent data demonstrates a rise in paediatric ACL reconstructions, affecting both girls and boys. However, it is unclear whether this rise reflects a higher injury rate or a more proactive approach towards surgery, as information on nonoperated patients is lacking. Regarding gender differences, increasing evidence implies that girls engaged in pivoting sports experience a higher incidence of ACL injuries and reinjuries compared to boys. Furthermore, data suggestthat girls have inferior outcomes and lower return-to-sport rates than boys. The social context in which girls compete in sports is likely a significant contributing factor to the risk of serious knee injuries. Lack of attention and insufficient data on gender-based differences in ACL injuries, outcomesand evidence-based treatment guidelines highlight the need for further research on this topic. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV.

Сучасні глобальні проблеми етнонаціональної політики України: на прикладі правового регулювання статусу національних меншин

The article is devoted to the analysis of the problems of ethno-national policy in modern conditions of the development of statehood and points to the prospects of improving the legislation in the context of ensuring the proper legal status of national minorities. The article examines the main problems in the field of ethno-national policy of Ukraine and legal regulation of the status of national minorities. The author emphasizes the absence of a single strategy for the development of ethno-national relations, which leads to fragmented legislation. The implementation of a comprehensive normative act could determine the direction of the development of statehood and form the ideological basis for future normative acts regarding the status of national minorities, indigenous peoples, and other ethnic groups. It is also emphasized that the issues of national minorities were often ignored in national law, and the legislative framework regarding indigenous peoples and the protection of the status of national minorities was formed mainly as a reaction to external circumstances, such as the occupation of the Crimean peninsula. Gaps in legislation make it difficult to ensure the rights of national minorities, in particular, due to the lack of up-to-date statistical data, since the all-Ukrainian population census was conducted only once in 2001. The author draws attention to the low level of tolerance in Ukrainian society, which is demonstrated by a survey conducted in 2022–2024. Respondents often do not consider their actions illegal or discriminatory towards Roma, but do not wish to have themin their environment. This indicates a lack of education regarding national characteristics as a factor of discrimination and a lack of attention on the part of the state to issues of language moderation and protection of the rights of national minorities. The lack of an effective policy of integration of national minorities is another significant problem. The legislator often considers national minorities as a group of citizens of a different ethnic origin living in Ukraine traditionally, which is a wrong approach. In order to improve ethno-national politics, it is necessary to solve problems in related areas, such as education, political rights, participation in local selfgovernment and the fight against hate speech.

Typology of esports crowdfunding investors

PurposeOnline fundraising has become a rapidly growing alternative business financing method for esports. Despite this, a lack of attention has been given to its fans' motivations for participating in crowdfunding (CF) projects or behavioral intentions for spectatorship. To address this, the present study (1) categorizes esport CF investors' motivations based on the big five personality traits and (2) compares whether motivations and behavioral intentions for esports spectatorships vary depending on each group.Design/methodology/approachWe applied K-means clustering analysis to classify investors. ANOVA was used to verify whether there were differences in CF motivations and behavioral intentions.FindingsThe study identified six distinct investor segments. Overall, esports CF investors showed high agreeableness and conscientiousness with low neuroticism. Fanatic fans were the most motivated and had the highest spectatorship intentions, driven by strong openness. In contrast, recognition seekers and charity donors exhibited the lowest viewing intentions. Entertainment seekers were highly motivated by excitement and aesthetics, linking CF participation to a strong desire to watch events. Despite higher neuroticism, reward hunters also showed significant viewing intentions, driven by drama and aesthetics. These findings highlight the diverse motivations and their influence on esports spectatorship.Originality/valueThis study investigates the motivations and behavioral intentions of CF investors and spectatorship, which has substantive theoretical and managerial implications for the business of esports.

Examine the Effects of Atomoxtine Alone Versus Atomoxtine Combined with Risperidone at Sample of Egyptian Children Suffering from ADHD.

Background: An estimated 7% of elementary school children suffer from Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), a mental neuro-developmental condition marked by impulsivity, hyperactivity, and lack of attention. Atomoxetine is one of the most important medications for ADHD however Risperidone has been used as a label for the treatment of ADHD. Aim: To study the Efficacy of Atomoxetine alone vs. Atomoxtine with Antipsychotic (Risperidone) in ADHD children. Subjects and Methods: 54 Egyptian children with ADHD, ranging in age from 6 to 18. They meet the DSM-IV criteria for ADHD and have been receiving therapy at Al Hussian Hospital's psychiatry clinic. Conner's 2 scale was used to evaluate each patient for ADHD. Between January and June of 2024, a study was carried out on all children receiving therapy for all forms of ADHD using either Atomoxetine alone or in combination with an antipsychotic (Risperidone). Results: When Atomoxetine was administered to 27 children, it demonstrated a moderate level of efficacy in 12 of 27 patients (44.4%) for all children with ADHD, regardless of type, but it significantly improved the inattention type of ADHD in 4 from 4 patients (100%). Given to 27 children, the combination of Atomoxetine and Risperidone demonstrated a greater effect on 24 of 27 patients with (88.9%) for all ADHD children, and it showed a discernible improvement on 9 out of 9 with (100%) for ADHD hyperactivity type. Conclusion: Patients with Attention deficit variant responded well to Atomoxetine., Patients with attentiondeficit/hyperactivity variant responded well to Atomoxetine/Antipsychotic (Risperidone) combination., Patients with Hyperactivity variants show good responses to Antipsychotics (Risperidone)., All types of ADHD are responsive to Atomoxetine or Atomoxetine / Antipsychotic (Risperidone) combination, But the Atomoxetine effect is more on the Attention deficit variant than other variants, while Antipsychotic (Risperidone) is more effective on hyperactivity and aggression.

Content Analysis of the Effects of Domestic Violence on Child Victims in the Movie Precious

Domestic violence is a dynamic phenomenon that can occur in all walks of life. Given the role of film as a tool to convey ideas and influence the audience, research on the effects of domestic violence in the movie Precious is interesting to do. The rampant news about domestic violence makes this research relevant because this movie can provide an overview of the destructive impact of domestic violence on children as victims. The aim of this research is to find out what the physical, psychological, sexual, and social effects are due to domestic violence experienced by the main character in the film Precious. This research uses a quantitative content analysis method with a descriptive approach. Data will be measured using a measurement table. The research population is the movie Precious with a duration of 1 hour 50 minutes, with a sample of scenes containing the effects of domestic violence. The results showed that Precious depicts various effects of domestic violence, such as loss of self-confidence, anxiety, lack of attention from parents, withdrawal from the family, use of harsh words, stress, depression, self-isolation, not given living expenses, embarrassment to meet others, problematic education, trauma, pregnancy, children replacing parental roles, loss of jobs, imagining the violence experienced, bruises, bumps on the body, and injuries.

Covid-19 and Role of the Caregivers of the Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Background: Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are the most vulnerable group in the society, who have suffered a lot during the Covid-19 pandemic. Objectives: The main objective of this study is to explore the strategies taken by the caregivers of the ASD children during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methodology: The study followed a holistic mixed-method approach. Simple random sampling was used to select the respondents to conduct a survey for the research. For quantitative analysis Chi-square test has been conducted to examine the association between the variables. For the qualitative part of the study, 5 Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) were carried out from the experts (such as therapists and teachers) by constructing 15 open-ended questions. Results: Analysis of data revealed the strategies taken by the caregivers of the ASD children during the Covid-19 pandemic such as- assigning therapists, providing teletherapy, making session plans and taking online classes. It has also disclosed the behavioral changes noticed by the caregivers of the ASD children such as hyperactivity, lack of attention. In this research, for quantitative analysis a total 248 data were collected from the caregivers (parents) of the ASD Children in Dhaka City and most of the respondents (80%) were the mother of the children. 98% of the parents observed some sorts of behavioral changes and 90% of them followed different strategies for their mental and physical development during the Covid-19 pandemic. Conclusion: To put it simply, sufferings of the ASD children and their caregivers know no bounds during the pandemic. The caregivers fought many more challenges than we can imagine from the outside.

Impacts of the Coronavirus Pandemic on Social Problems and Poverty of the Elderly in Slovakia

This article analyses the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the social problems and poverty of the elderly. Quarantine measures caused increased isolation, loneliness, psychological problems and limited access to medical care, which negatively affected their physical and mental health. The demographic shift towards an aging population presents seniors with complex challenges, including the struggle to meet basic needs and live on the poverty line. These related problems, associated with a lack of attention from the environment, have a negative impact on their quality of life. In the article, we analyse the state of poverty development, based on current statistics. The current isolation, loneliness and loss of independence are intertwined with low income and the possibility of institutionalization, which has increased with the advent of the pandemic situation and the economic crisis.

The Positive Impact of Music Education on the Attention of Children with ADHD

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent developmental disorder that typically manifests in childhood, which is characterized by difficulties in attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Therefore, children with ADHD have no difficulties in understanding knowledge, but due to their hyperactivity, they face significant obstacles in acquiring it. The specific manifestations of ADHD in children include hyperactivity, lack of attention, and overly active thoughts, which prevent them from focusing and learning for extended periods. This study explores the improvement of ADHD children's condition through music education, which has significant practical implications for promoting their learning abilities and cognitive methods. By collecting and analyzing previous researches, this paper summarizes the positive impact of music education on children with ADHD. This paper shows that music can improve mental and emotional states, alter children's moods, regulate thinking patterns, and enrich the brain's cognitive modes. Personalized music education proves to be effective and practical in reducing stress during learning and in crisis intervention.

Analisis Pemberian Kompensasi yang Berdampak Terhadap Turnover Intention pada Karyawan Bagian Produksi, Studi Kasus pada Sebuah Perusahaan Garmen di Kota Bandung

This study aims to find out the impact of compensation on turnover intention on employees of the production department, a case study of a garment company in Bandung City. The research uses methods of qualitative analysis and data collection methods with interviews, documentation and library research. This research population is the whole of employees associated with a garment company in the city of Bandung. The validity and reliability tests in this study use triangulation. There are three processes of data analysis techniques: data reduction, data presentation, conclusion and verification. The result of this study is that the analysis of compensation is a factor causing turnover intention. It can be said that compensation to employees of the production part of a garment company in Bandung City is in the bad category. Results have been obtained which indicate that the employee's current compensation is not sufficient to meet employee needs. This is because of the company's lack of attention in giving a fair and decent salary to every employee. Besides that the turnover intention on employees of the production part of a garment company in Bandung City is in the high category. The result was that as much as 70% (7 employees) had a desire to leave the company to get a better job. To conclude, the company has violated a number of state rules relating to fair pay rules that violate the Regulations of the Minister of Employment of the Republic of Indonesia No. 18 Year 2022 Article 2 Paragraph (1), and violates the accuracy of pay timing of section 61 of the Government Regulations (PP) No. 36 Year 2021 On Employment.

A Numerical Simulation-Based Adaptation of the Pedestrian-Level Wind Environment in Village Streets: A Case Study on the Chuan Dao Area of the Hanjiang River in Southern Shaanxi

Village streets are indispensable spaces for people to perform outdoor activities, and they also directly affect the outdoor wind environment in villages. At present, people are paying more attention to the wind environment comfort of urban residential areas and urban commercial streets, but there is a lack of attention and research on the wind environment comfort of village and town streets. By summarizing the field research and meteorological data of Lefeng Village, we propose the outdoor wind environment evaluation requirements applicable to the Hanjiang River’s Chuan Dao area in the winter and summer seasons. We found that more than 80% of the outdoor wind environment in the summer is less than 1 m/s. Based on the numerical simulation method of computational fluid dynamics, and on the basis of the characteristics of the streets and lanes in the Hanjiang River’s Chuan Dao area, we found that the wind environment is poor in the winter and summer seasons; regarding streets and lanes, we propose three appropriate values, namely building density, building height, and street width. It is suggested that it is appropriate for the building density of the area to be less than 36%, the height of the building to be less than 15 m, and the width of the street to be 6–11 m when the street is open to traffic and 3–6 m when only pedestrians are passing through the area.

PENINGKATAN KUALITAS MAKHORIJUL HURUF MELALUI PROGRAM MUROJA’AH KLASIKAL DI PONDOK PESANTREN PUTRI WALISONGO CUKIR DIWEK JOMBANG

This exploration discusses perfecting the quality of makhorijul letters through the classicalmuroja'ah program at the Putri Walisongo Islamic boarding academy. An preceptor isn't only needed to understand or master a number of literacy accoutrements that he'll convey to actors, but he must master a number of literacy styles and ways in order to continue the metamorphosis of literacy accoutrements and understand each pupil's psychology. A literacy system or model will impact whether or not the material or information is good for scholars. The end of this exploration is to determine the enhancement in the quality of makhorijul lettersthrough the classicalmuroja'ah program at the Putri Walisongo Islamic residential school. This exploration employes a qualitative methodology using qualitative exploration styles. Meanwhile, the type of exploration used is qualitative description exploration. Three methods are used to acquire data: documentation, interviews, and observation.The outcome of this exploration demonstrate that perfecting the Quality of Makhorijul Letters at the Putri Walisongo Islamic Boarding School has several situations, videlicet intelligence, interest and gift, provocation. The classical Muroja'ah program at the Putri Walisongo Islamic boarding academy is a literacy program that aims to repeat memorization with tartil and use applicable makhorijul letters and enumeration styles. perfecting the quality of makhorijul letters through the classicalmuroja'ah program at the Putri Walisongo Islamic boarding academy is getting better and there are stages of achievement for the scholars. From the morning, scholars who could not do it at all came suitable and understood how to gasp makhroj duly and rightly. There are supporting factors, videlicet provocation, targets, intentions, inhibiting factors, videlicet scholars' lack of attention, shiftlessness.

Al-ḥirāk al-ṣūfī wa al-da’wah al-insānīyah fī Indūnīsīyā: Ḥālatu al-Ḥabīb Abī Bakr al-‘Aṭṭās al-Zabīdī

Studies on Ba'alawi preachers in Indonesia have predominantly focused on popular figures who utilize new media and popular culture in their preaching to appeal to young Muslims. However, there has been a lack of attention given to Ba'alawi preachers who avoid publicity and prioritize humanitarian activities. This article examines the case of Ḥabīb Abū Bakr al-‘Aṭṭās al-Zabīdī (popularly known as Abuya/My Father by his followers), who has garnered a significant following across several Indonesian provinces. His followers regard him as a generous, peace-oriented Sufi who not only advocates for spreading peace and kindness but also embodies these values through humanitarian acts towards those in need, regardless of their religion or ethnicity. This article explores his mobility in business and da'wah across Indonesia and analyzes the methods he uses to distribute charities and empower Muslim communities. The case of Habib Abubakar demonstrates that Sufism transcends mere individual asceticism and detachment from worldly possessions; rather, its spiritual essence is manifested through active involvement in social and humanitarian affairs.

The Association between Federal Nutrition Assistance Programs and Adolescent Food Security during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Baltimore, Maryland.

Given the lack of attention on adolescent food insecurity, the primary objective of this study was to assess the association of household participation in federal food assistance programs with food security status among adolescents in Baltimore during the COVID-19 pandemic. Adolescents, ages 14-19 years, were invited to participate in two online surveys. The baseline was implemented between October 2020 and January 2021, while the follow-up took place one year later from November 2021 to January 2022 after schools had re-opened. We then matched survey participants with household participation in food nutrition assistance programs using data obtained from the Maryland Department of Social Services. We used logistic regression to examine the association between food assistance program participation status and food insecurity. Additionally, to examine whether the impact of program participation on food insecurity changed between the baseline survey and one year later at follow-up when schools re-opened, a difference-in-differences analysis was conducted. The results showed no significant associations between adolescent food security and participation in any of the federal nutrition assistance programs. Increased attention on how best to improve adolescent food security in low-income households that can respond to the unique needs of adolescents is clearly warranted.