The roots of today's Southern California Library for Social Studies and Research (SCL) are planted deep in the labor and political movements of America of the 1930s. A witness or participant in many of these swiftly developing events, SCL founder Emil Freed knew the importance of documenting them, from the formation of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) to the activities of working-class support organizations such as the Unemployed Councils and the International Labor Defense. Having joined the American Communist party in 1929, Freed was part of a political organization that had its greatest impact during the Depression. In the years just prior to World War II, the Party often worked in coalitions with other groups, organizing Americans around the domestic economic crisis and the cause of antifascism, particularly the Spanish Republic's struggle against Franco during the Spanish Civil War. Freed began saving the numerous penny pamphlets that were widely