Labor Problems Research Articles

Production economics of jute farming in Sunsari district, Nepal

Jute cultivation has shown decreasing trend in recent years globally despite the prospective demand. Being labor-intensive, with labor making up over 70% of the entire cost and technological advancements still not evident in farmers' fields limits productivity of jute in Nepal. This study aims to analyze the economic viability of jute production, factors affecting it and constraints of jute production in Sunsari district, Nepal. Well-structured and pretested interview schedule was used to acquire required data from 120 jute cultivators of Bhokhraha Narsingh and Duhabi municipality using random and purposive sampling technique. Benefit-cost ratio analysis and multiple regression were conducted using Excel 2019 and SPSS Version 25. Jute production is found profitable as shown by positive gross margin and the average Benefit-Cost ratio of 1.52. Highest education of the family, machinery and subsidy were positively significant with Benefit-cost ratio. Number of economically active female members had shown negative influence on benefit-cost ratio of jute production. Distance to nearest extension service center showed highly significant negative relation with benefit-cost ratio implying increasing distance lowers BC ratio by a greater extent. High cost of production and labor problem were ranked as major problem in sustainable jute production. To increase the jute productivity and sustainability, this study recommends focusing on labor issues and enhancing technology interventions. The findings of this study offer policymakers a foundation to implement strategies that strengthen jute production, fostering both economic stability and environmental sustainability in Sunsari district, Nepal.

LOSSES OF THE WEST RUSSIAN VILLAGE DUE TO THE AXIS AGGRESSION: SCALE AND CONSEQUENCES

The article analyses the impact of human and material losses of the village of the West of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (the RSFSR) on the peculiarities of reconstruction processes in the first post-war years in terms of the diverse sources, many of which have recently been introduced into the scientific turnover. The deficit of manpower, equipment, and capital investments in the region’s agriculture, including one due to wartime losses, significantly slowed down the agricultural production industrialisation completion, predetermined inability to solve key problems of life and labour of the population, became one of the important causes of low incomes of many collective and state farms, the reduction of arable land since the early 1950s, and the long dominance of extra-economic coercion and its supporting structures in the countryside. The consequences of the war devastation combined with the unpopular agrarian policy of the first post-war years brought to life the improvement of adaptive behaviour by the village, which the authorities spent a lot of energy and resources to combat. The losses of the war years and harsh agrarian policy were also the key reasons for the undermining of the preserved elements of traditional culture of the village of the West of the RSFSR.

The Economic Impact of Successful Businesspeople: The Dual Effect of Wealth Creation and Spending

This article explores the complex impact of successful businesspeople on others and society through wealth creation and spending in their economic lives. The article begins by defining the concept of a “successful businesspeople” and points out its diversity in different historical and political contexts. Then, from an economic perspective, this paper analyzes how successful businesspeople can positively impact society by promoting economic growth, improving production efficiency, creating jobs, and donating to philanthropy in their different roles as investors, producers, consumers, donors, and employers. However, the article also points out the negative externalities that can be brought about by successful businesspeople, such as environmental damage, labor problems, data privacy violations, and public health risks. By citing historical and modern examples, such as Andrew · Carnegie, Henry · Ford, Jeff · Bezos, and Elon · Musk, this article further elaborates on how the economic behavior of successful businessmen has both positive and negative effects, and emphasizes the importance of understanding these complex relationships.

Employment quality in the new socio-economic reality: theoretical and methodological foundations

The article contains scientific arguments for aggravating social and labor problems, especially employment in its various manifestations. It substantiates the need to update the theoretical and methodological foundations of employment in general and its quality in particular. A modern view of the employment institute is presented. The author's concept of employment quality has been revealed. The proposed conceptology of employment quality is based on the latest theoretical and methodological foundations and opens new horizons for further scientific and applied research. First of all, it concerns development of theoretical, methodological and applied principles of employment quality assessment. It is proven that the newest trend of the current digital age is the emergence and intensive reproduction of gaps in the quality of jointly distributed labor as part of various types of both standard and especially non-standard forms of employment. The article's key quintessence is the authors' vision of employment quality as a prerequisite for sustainable people-dimensional development and justification of the need to move the institute of employment quality to the epicenter of theoretical and applied research, which should become a platform for scientific support of formation and implementation of a new social and labor policy. Further research in the field of scientific support for social and labor development has received scientific interpretation.

Paternal perinatal depression: underestimation of the disorder, its clinical and classificatory entanglements, and therapeutic alternatives

In the perinatal period, fathers may also suffer from depression, referred to as paternal perinatal depression. Studies have shown that the prevalence of paternal perinatal depression is considerably higher than in the general adult population. For example, a meta-analysis showed that the prevalence of depression among fathers was 9.76% during the prenatal period and 8.75% during the postpartum year.1 Paternal perinatal depression can deteriorate the marital relationship and generate psychosocial and behavioral problems in the offspring (Ramchandani et al., 2021).2 However, paternal perinatal depression has received comparatively little clinical attention. A review of the literature on this subject will list the biological, psychological and social risk factors for this condition, which include a history of depression or anxiety disorders, lack of social support, conflicts in the couple's relationship, economic and labor problems. The clinical characteristics of depression share similarities with depressions in other periods of life, and there are differential clinical features, such as anger, aggressiveness, somatic symptoms and greater comorbidity with substance abuse disorder. Early detection with scales such as the Edinburgh, Gotland and PAPA and the appropriate approach are fundamental to mitigate the effects of paternal perinatal depression. Psychotherapeutic support, psychoeducation of the disorder, and self-care tools can be part of a comprehensive approach to help parents experiencing this condition. In conclusion, the proposal to include this disorder within the parental perinatal affective disorders, as proposed by the author Baldoni,3 given the level of overlap that it usually has with other comorbid conditions (anxiety, alcohol abuse, impulse control disorders) and high frequency of masked symptoms, goes in the direction to give the attention it deserves for early detection and provide adequate support and treatment.

Commons’ Reasonable Value and the Gig Economy: Lessons for the Twenty-First Century

: The gig economy has opened a new set of institutional arrangements in modern capital and labor markets. New and ongoing attempts exist to structure the legal and informal institutional arrangements through which these new markets operate. One example on the global stage is a research initiative called Fairwork, which attempts to create a template for evaluating platforms and building fair relationships between workers and companies. The question remains as to whether we have the tools to evaluate these new institutional arrangements. This article specifically focuses on the political economy contributions of Original Institutional Economics scholar John R. Commons, as expressed in his theory of reasonable value. We define four key criteria that underlie Commons’ theory of reasonable value. These criteria are then applied to the Fairwork project and its evaluative process to assess whether it meets the criteria of reasonable value and contributes to its establishment in solving the labor problems of the digital era. This will provide a potential pathway for considering other institutional arrangements in the new gig economy.

Children's Rights in India and The United States

The problem of child labour is pernicious which has not only affected the developing countries but has whipsawed the developed countries as well. India has introduced ample of legislations and policies but it has been lacking in its enforcements whereas America does not have enough laws to address the issues of child labour. Despite the fact, both the countries with their endeavour have seen reduction in cases of child labour but even then, the problem seems to persist involving children in hazardous work. Therefore, in order to obviate child labour both countries need a balanced combination of legislations and their implementation to remove this evil from our society.

Can immigrant workers help to solve the child labour problem?

Can immigrant workers help to solve the child labour problem?

An Empirical Study on the Major Problems Faced by Entrepreneurs with Special Reference to Micro and Small Enterprises Among the Tribals in Manipur

Micro and small businesses in rural and tribal communities are crucial drivers of sustainable economic development, playing a significant role in addressing various global challenges such as poverty reduction, job creation, resiliency and economic development. In spite of their crucial role in the national economy, small enterprises often encounter numerous challenges and constraints that can hinder their development, growth and overall performance. The present study is aimed at assessing the major problems faced by micro and small entrepreneurs among the tribal communities in the hill districts of Manipur. This empirical study is descriptive in nature and uses both primary and secondary data. The primary data were collected from 311 registered entrepreneurs using a well-structured questionnaire. The percentage technique, mean, standard deviation, t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) test were used to analyse the data with the aid of SPSS. There is no significant difference in the major problems faced by entrepreneurs across gender. However, labour problems were different across levels of educational background, and there was a significant difference between the nature of industry and the infrastructural problems faced by micro and small entrepreneurs. The study suggests coordinating the efforts of the government and aiding organisations in assisting the entrepreneurs to tackle the multifaceted challenges.

Design, Fabrication and Testing of Portable Hand Driven Ploughing Tool for Maize Farm

This paper provides insight into the performance of portable hand-driven ploughing tools on a maize farm. The focus is on the effect of ploughing blades on the soil and aims to replace traditional ploughs like spades and hoes with hand-driven tools. The goal of this paper is to reduce human effort by showing that the working velocity of the Ploughing tool is four times that of the Traditional Tool and ensure a comfortable posture for the farmer during ploughing while also offering a simple, economical, and efficient solution for ploughing and weed removal. The hand-driven ploughing tool aims to offer a suitable mechanization option for small-scale farmers, providing a solution that satisfies their needs and labor problems. The tool features a ploughing blade with a blade angle and rake angle of 45 degrees, designed to achieve the required depth of cut for the maize farm efficiently. However, it's essential to consider potential limitations or challenges associated with using the hand-driven ploughing tool, such as its effectiveness in different soil types, the physical exertion required by the farmer, and any maintenance or durability concerns. The design and simulation of the plough are developed in SolidWorks.

Fungsi Dinas Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi dalam Menanggulangi Masalah Ketenagakerjaan di Kota Kupang

The purpose of this research is to analyze the function of the Kupang City Manpower and Transmigration Office in tackling employment problems and efforts to overcome the obstacles faced in the city of Kupang. This type of research uses Sociological juridical research. The research location was carried out at the Kupang City Manpower and Transmigration Office. The types of data used in this research are primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques with observation, interviews, and documentation. Data processing techniques with editing, data classification, data systematization, data reduction, and data verification. Data analysis techniques are analyzed using qualitative descriptive juridical methods. The result of this research is that the Kupang City Manpower and Transmigration Office (Disnakertrans) has a strategic function in managing and overcoming labor problems in the region. Disnakertrans is responsible for implementing labor policies that include job placement, transmigration, employment expansion, and problem solving in industrial relations. The main functions of the Disnakertrans include guidance, supervision, control, public services, program development, budget supervision, as well as policy development and dispute resolution. There are 2 factors that inhibit the Disnakertrans in tackling labor issues in Kupang City, namely the budget and human resources. Efforts need to continue to be made to provide training, direction, and guidance to human resources so that they can work more professionally, purposefully, and responsibly in accordance with their duties.

Exploring spatial non-stationarity of child labour and its related factors: A multiscale geographically weighted regression study of India

The relationships between various factors and child labour have been explored in the literature but, despite findings that suggest the predictive factors of child labour can vary according to context, there has been little research that has used spatial methods of analysis or attempted to estimate local relationships between covariates and the prevalence of child labour. This paper seeks to address this knowledge gap by using geographically weighted regression (GWR) and multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) models. Using India 2011 Census Data as a case study, the findings show that GWR and MGWR models both perform significantly better than a global regression model across the whole of India. The study also finds significant spatial non-stationarity in the relationships between child labour and its covariates, with the association between district-level child labour rates and both the Muslim population and the child sex ratio found to have opposite directions in different parts of the country. Using MGWR, it was also possible to demonstrate that different covariates interact with child labour at various spatial scales, suggesting that interventions aiming to address varying aspects of the child labour problem may need to be deployed at different administrative levels to maximise their efficacy.

Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Pekerja Usia Anak di Indonesia

The existence of child exploitation and child labor will add to labor problems in Indonesia. The term "child labor" refers to people who employ children. The term "child labor" can be associated with the use of children's labor with low compensation or considerations regarding their personality development, safety, health, and future prospects. Most child workers do not have time to play or go to school like other children. Underage people work as hard as adults, both in formal and informal jobs. To save child labor in the future, a holistic and comprehensive solution model is needed. One method that can be used is a client-centered case management approach (centered on the client or child worker).

DETERMINAN PENYERAPAN TENAGA KERJA DI KOTA MALANG SEBELUM DAN SAAT PANDEMI COVID-19

One of the labor problems in Malang City is that the available jobs cannot absorb the rapidly growing labor force, causing high unemployment. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of minimum wage, GRDP, inflation, education and COVID-19 dummy variables on labor deployment in Malang City. Data analysis uses multiple linear regression methods with the Stata 14 program. The data used are time series from 1993-2022 in Malang City. The results showed that the minimum wage has a positive and significant effect on labor absorption. Education level has a significant and negative effect on labor absorption. GRDP and Inflation have no significant effect on labor absorption. For COVID-19 dummy on employment, it has a negative and insignificant effect during the COVID-19 pandemic

Memorandum on the problem of farm labour (1937)

In 1937, Max Gluckman submitted a memorandum to a commission of inquiry into the shortage of farm labour in South Africa. In the memorandum, he criticised the presumption that the government should induce African male migrants from the reserves to work on white-owned farms and sugar plantations as “wrong”. Gluckman observed that African men preferred more prestigious and better paid work in the mines and towns. Rather than increase the number of farm workers, he recommended that farm owners improve the conditions and productivity of labour tenants already resident in these farms. This required providing better nutrition and health care, more courteous treatment, the efficient coordination of labour and mechanisation. This intervention had no impact on the Commission’s report, and Gluckman’s outspokenness might well have contributed to the Native Affairs Department’s decision to revoke their permission for him to do further fieldwork in Zululand. This article reproduces the memorandum with only minor editorial corrections. In the introduction, Niehaus outlines the historical context in which Gluckman wrote the memorandum and shows how it provides crucial insights into his early career and his later pessimism about the prospects for applied anthropology.

Sosialisasi Upaya Peningkatan Penjualan Bagi UMKM Melalui Strategi Branding Pada Pelaku UMKM di Pantai Kuta Desa Kuta Kecamatan Pujut Kabupaten Lombok Tengah

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are a reliable driver of the economy and their existence is highly regarded. MSMEs contribute quite a lot to the Indonesia economy, especially in Kuta Beach which is located in Central Lombok Regency, Lombok Island, they can absorb labor thereby reducing labor problems in Central Lombok Regency, plus there is the largest tourist destination on Lombok Island which is located on Kuta Beach. If we look further into each organ of the MSME body, there are still many problems and shortcomings. They are many problems faced by MSMEs in the continuity of their business, especially from understanding MSME development strategies. This community service aims to find whether out whether MSMEs carry out strategic management well, especially in developing MSMEs to run their businesses and whether MSMEs understand development methods and strategies well. The aim of implementing this Community Service Activity (PKM) is to help socialize branding strategies as an effort to increase sales for MSMEs. This PKM activity was carried out in the Kuta Beach area, Central Lombok. The implementation method for this activity is to provide material related to branding strategies through the use of digital technology. The conclusion obtained from the results of this PKM activity is that the assistance activities for business actors regarding brand identity have been carried out well. Mentoring activities are carried out by introducing, strengthening and increasing the understanding of PKM participants through branding strategies using brand identity.

Effects of video-assisted preanesthetic patient education on preanesthetic interview time; A prospective, single-blinded, randomized controlled trial.

A preanesthetic evaluation interview with an anesthesiologist is essential for patient safety, however, it is not performed adequately owing to the excessive workload of doctors. This study aimed to determine whether video-assisted preanesthetic patient education can reduce patient interview time and solve the problem of excessive labor at a relatively low cost. This study considered relatively healthy patients aged 19 to 65 years who were scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia. None of the patients had history of general anesthesia. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to Groups V and C. Group V watched the preanesthetic education video, while Group C did not. The duration of the preanesthetic evaluation interview was measured for all participants. The satisfaction of the anesthesiologist and patient with the preanesthetic evaluation procedure, anxiety of the patient, and vital signs during surgery were collected. A total of 33 patients in Group V watched the preanesthetic education video, while 31 patients in Group C did not. Group V spent significantly less time on the preanesthetic evaluation interview with an anesthesiologist than that of Group C (172.42 vs 196.68 seconds; P = .005). There was no difference in patient and anesthesiologist satisfaction between the 2 groups (P = .861 and P = .849, respectively). Patients' anxiety (P = .474), intraoperative mean blood pressure (P = .168), and heart rate (P = .934) did not differ between Groups V and C. Watching the informational video about anesthesia before preanesthetic evaluation could reduce the interview time by an average of 24 seconds, with no difference in patients' or doctors' satisfaction or anxiety compared to patients who did not watch it. Video-assisted preanesthetic patient education indicates that the load on anesthesiologists can be reduced.

Problems of agricultural labor in the countryside of ‎Ramadi district ‎and ways of treatment

Problems of agricultural labor in the countryside of ‎Ramadi district ‎and ways of treatment

Tourism Sector Labor Supply During the Covid-19 Pandemic Recovery Period in Bali: Literature Review

One of the issues that emerged in tourism sector employment during the recovery period from the Covid-19 pandemic was the decline in the quality of human resources, namely related to the labor who previously worked in the tourism sector not all returning, causing a shortage of trained personnel in the midst of tourism recovering. This creates problems in labor supply that require resolution. Labor supply research has been used in various ways and has attracted the attention of academics and practitioners as well as governments because it has an important role in policy making. Method By understanding labor supply based on a literature review, strategies can be developed and implemented to solve the problem of labor supply in the tourism sector in an effort to create a new balance, namely that the Bali economy does not only rely on the tourism sector but also other potential sectors. This article also provides direction for future studies to solve tourism sector labor problems during the recovery period from the Covid-19 pandemic.

Exploring Legal and Non-Legal Approaches to Eliminating Child Labor in the Cocoa Industry In Ghana

Abstract The problem of child labor in cocoa-producing countries like Ghana and Ivory Coast has been projected into the international limelight due to coverage by notable international media organizations like CNN, BBC, and Al Jazeera. The incidence of child labor in the cocoa industry raises legal and ethical issues in the production and manufacturing processes that feed into international trade. This paper explores the international legal framework on child labor under the Minimum Age Convention and the consistency of Ghanaian domestic law with the Convention. It further discusses empirical data collected from Anyinam, a cocoa farming community in the Eastern Region of Ghana and the sustainability programme of Federated Commodities Ltd. (FEDCO), as a private sector responsible business initiative aimed at addressing the problem of child labor from a holistic approach.