Labor Pain Research Articles

The Effect Of Deep Back Massage And Warm Compresses On Labor Pain During Active Phase I

The Effect Of Deep Back Massage And Warm Compresses On Labor Pain During Active Phase I

The Effect Of Abdominal Lifting Massage On Intensity Labor Pain In The 1st Active Phase

The Effect Of Abdominal Lifting Massage On Intensity Labor Pain In The 1st Active Phase

Relationship between Male Sexual Dysfunction, Fertility Power and Heart Function: Avicenna’s Standpoint

Honey has been used since ancient times to treat various diseases such as gynecological diseases. The current study aims to investigate clinical trials related to the therapeutic effects of honey on women’s diseases. Databases including Web of Sci- ence, Scopus, PubMed, Google scholar, and SID were investigated for clinical studies focusing on honey in gynecological diseases up to 31 June 2022. Eligibility was checked based on selection criteria. Twenty-five clinical trials met the inclusion criteria. Therapeutic properties of honey and its compounds as a systemic and/or local treatment on vulvovaginal candidiasis, cervicitis, dysmenorrhea, premenstrual syndrome, labor pain, episiotomy and cesarean wounds, nipple fissure, breast cancer and intrauterine insemination (IUI), with the mechanisms of action of antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, analgesic, antioxidant and anticancer activities have been proven. It was also found that phenolic compounds includ- ing flavonoids and phenolic acids are the main ones responsible for most of these therapeutic effects of honey. This study supports the healing properties of honey in gynecological diseases at reproductive age. Also, in the current studies, honey proved safe with minor adverse effects. Of course, to achieve definitive conclusions about the effectiveness and safety of honey, it is necessary to conduct more clinical trials with a larger sample size, appropriate intervention duration, and optimal doses in future studies.

Are expectations of labour and birth fulfilled? A qualitative investigation of first‐time parents

AbstractAimTo describe if first‐time parents' expectations of labour and birth, explored during the third trimester of pregnancy, were fulfilled or not when investigated 1 year following birth.DesignQualitative Husserlian phenomenological approach.MethodsThe sample comprises 10 parents (five couples), who participated in an online semi‐structured audio‐recorded individual interview conducted 1 year after birth, between September 2020 and October 2020. Parents' expectations of labour and birth, described throughout a focus group discussion on pregnancy, were compared with their experience explored 1 year after birth. A thematic analysis was adopted and member checking was used to validate participants' thoughts.ResultsParticipants gave birth in a II level maternity unit and one‐to‐one midwifery care was provided. Although during the focus group conducted in pregnancy, women reported being aware of the unpredictable nature of childbirth, they expressed sadness and failure after experiencing some unexpected interventions. The midwife was a reassuring guide, as expected; however, sometimes, the communication was not effective, and women perceived lack of support. Some women partly blame themselves for not being prepared to manage labour pain, which hurt more than expected. Feeling of uncertainty about events were experienced in relation to seeking care at an early stage of labour, which confirmed the fears expressed during pregnancy. During the antenatal focus group discussion, fathers doubted they could be helpful for the labouring women. This negative emotion was confirmed after birth. However, they understood the importance to be present and to support their partner.ConclusionsOne year after birth, participants had consistent memories of their birth experience. Professionals might identify fundamental components of quality maternity care that are meaningful for parents, with the potential to generate a long‐term positive health impact on them. Respectful maternity care should be ensured through a family‐centred approach, with the aim to promote satisfaction.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CareThe study highlights the importance of taking parents' expectations into account when providing antenatal care to tailor individualized support that addresses their distinct needs and preferences. Healthcare professionals might consider initiating a post‐natal discussion with parents to assess whether their needs and perspectives have been addressed. This perspective may present valuable insights to achieve long‐term positive outcomes, provide high‐quality maternity care, address issues and make improvements.ImpactThe study showed that 1 year after birth, parents can accurately recall their birth. They might also give significant insights into fundamental components of care that they value as crucial to shape a positive birthing experience. Professionals should use this information to build solutions, promoting long‐term well‐being for parents. Respectful interactions and trusting relationships emerged as key elements in parents' experience. A midwifery care focused on parents' needs may contribute to the achievement of positive birth memories.Reporting MethodThis study used the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.

Comparative efficacy of opioid and non-opioid analgesics in labor pain management: A network meta-analysis.

Effective labor pain management is crucial for parturient well-being, as it can improve the delivery experience of pregnant women and reduce anxiety and tension. This systematic review and network meta-analysis compared the efficacy and safety of various analgesics, classified by drug category and individual treatment methods, for labor pain control. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in Pubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases. All searches commenced from the database's inception to the date of the literature search (May 31, 2023). The Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool assessed study bias risk. Network meta-analyses using a random-effects model and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were performed. Fifteen randomized controlled trials evaluating analgesic interventions in ASA I or II parturients were included. Combination therapies (OR: 5.81; 95% CI, 3.76-7.84; probability: 60%) and non-opioid analgesics (OR: 5.61; 95% CI, 2.91-8.30; probability: 39.2%) were superior to placebo for labor pain relief. Specifically, dexmedetomidine/ropivacaine/sufentanil (OR: 7.32; 95% CI, 2.73-11.89; probability: 40.6%) and dexmedetomidine/ropivacaine (OR: 6.50; 95% CI, 2.51-10.33; probability: 11.9%) combinations, bupivacaine/fentanyl and ropivacaine/sufentanil combinations, and remifentanil monotherapy showed improved analgesic efficacy versus placebo. Dexmedetomidine/ropivacaine reduced parturient nausea and vomiting versus alternatives. Non-opioids, opioids and combinations thereof effectively relieved labor pain. In addition, dexmedetomidine/ropivacaine combination demonstrated analgesic efficacy and lower nausea and vomiting incidence.

Management of Labor Pain: Non-pharmacological and Pharmacological Interventions for Pain Control During Childbirth

Management of Labor Pain: Non-pharmacological and Pharmacological Interventions for Pain Control During Childbirth

The Impact Of Lavender Aromatherapy Techniques And Endorphin Massage On Anxiety During The First Active Phase

Stress and an overabundance of catecholamine hormones released during labor can cause smooth muscle and uterine ischemia, which heightens pain impulses. A light touch or therapeutic massage stimulating the body to release endorphin compounds can relieve pain and comfort. This type of massage is known as endorphin massage. Linalool, a compound found in lavender aromatherapy, has calming and muscle-relaxing properties. This research project aims to ascertain "The Effectiveness of Lavender Aromatherapy and Endorphin Massage on Anxiety of Labor Pain in the First Active Phase in the Working Area UPTD Puskesmas Sukahaji." This study used a quasi-experimental design with pre-and post-test methods and a control group design carried out in the working area of UPTD Puskesmas Sukahaji. Purposive sampling was used to obtain samples. Purposive sampling was used to collect samples from 120 individuals. The Wilcoxon and Kruskal Wallis tests were used in the data analysis. The Wilcoxon test in bivariate analysis produced a p-value of less than 0.005 for every intervention group. The endorphin massage group's mean rank for the anxiety variable was 57.08; the control group's was 45.17; the lavender aromatherapy group's was 72.53; and the combination group's was 67.22. In conclusion, the anxiety associated with labor pain was impacted by endorphin massage, lavender aromatherapy, and the combination of the two. The best treatment for lowering anxiety was lavender aromatherapy, and the best way to lessen the severity of labor pain was to combine lavender aromatherapy with endorphin massage. Recommendation: It is believed that aromatherapy with lavender and endorphin massage can be used as alternative ways to reduce anxiety and the intensity of labor pain.

Dystocia due to lateral deviation of foetal head and its management in a Punganur cattle

Dystocia due to lateral deviation of head and neck is one of the most common types of ruminant dystocia. In one such case, a 7-year- old Punganur cow was reported and successfully managed. The cow was straining and showing symptoms of labor pain and respiratory distress. The cervix was fully dilated, and the birth passage was dry. Foetus was in anterior presentation, dorso-sacral position with extreme left deviation of head and neck. When attempts made by extraction to expel out the foetus, Punganur calf was delivered. The cow was provided with proper postoperative care and management to facilitate the recovery of the uterus and restore normal functioning.

Comparative Analysis of Therapeutic Showers and Bathtubs for Pain Management and Labor Outcomes-A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Hydrotherapy, including the use of therapeutic showers and bathtubs, has been studied for its potential benefits in labor pain management. Previous research has indicated that hydrotherapy can alleviate pain, but comparative studies between therapeutic showers and bathtubs are scarce. Objective: This study aims to compare the effects of therapeutic showers and bathtubs on pain perception, labor duration, use of epidural analgesia, and maternal and neonatal outcomes during labor. Methods: A total of 124 pregnant women were included in this study. Participants were divided into two groups: those who used a therapeutic shower and those who used a bathtub during labor. Pain levels were measured using a visual analog scale (VAS). Labor duration, use of epidural analgesia, types of delivery, maternal outcomes (postpartum hemorrhage, perineal status, maternal hypotension, fever, and breastfeeding), and neonatal outcomes (APGAR scores, fetal heart rate, complications, and neonatal unit admissions) were recorded and analyzed. Results: Both the therapeutic shower and the bathtub effectively reduced pain perception, with the bathtub showing a greater reduction in VAS scores. The therapeutic shower group experienced a significantly shorter labor duration compared to the bathtub group. The majority of participants in both groups did not require epidural analgesia, with no significant differences between the groups. There were no significant differences in the types of delivery. Maternal outcomes indicated a lower incidence of perineal tears and episiotomies in the therapeutic shower group. Neonatal outcomes, including APGAR scores and fetal heart rate, were similar between the groups, with no significant differences in complications or neonatal unit admissions. Conclusions: Both therapeutic showers and bathtubs are effective for pain relief during labor, with the bathtub showing a higher reduction in pain intensity. The therapeutic shower is associated with a shorter labor duration and a lower incidence of perineal tears and episiotomies. Both methods are safe for neonatal well-being, making hydrotherapy a viable non-pharmacological option for pain management in labor. However, the therapeutic shower may offer additional benefits in terms of labor duration and maternal outcomes.

'Giving birth on a beach': Women's experiences of using virtual reality in labour.

Birth is a normal physiological process, and many women want a natural birth. Women use a range of non-pharmacological pain relief methods to reduce labour pain intensity, to help manage labour pain and to induce relaxation. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of women using Virtual Reality as a non-pharmacological method of pain relief in labour. Virtual Reality has been shown to be an effective distraction technique in other acute pain settings which also reduces anxiety. This study conducted qualitative in-depth interviews postnatally with women who used Virtual Reality in labour. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data. Nineteen women used Virtual Reality in labour. Results from interviews with nineteen women in the postnatal period identified three main themes: impact of virtual reality on experience of labour, managing the pain of labour and challenges of using virtual reality in labour. This study identified that Virtual Reality was effective as a relaxation technique and helped in pain management by the use of self-efficacy techniques. Women in this study also identified preferred virtual environments specifically to use during labour and birth. This study provides a unique and original contribution to the field of Virtual Reality in labour and birth. It also identifies Virtual Reality as an acceptable and positive experience in the management of anxiety and labour pain.

Synchronization of a Virtual Reality Scenario to Uterine Contractions for Labor Pain Management: Development Study and Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Labor is described as one of the most painful events women can experience through their lives, and labor pain shows unique features and rhythmic fluctuations. Purpose: The present study aims to evaluate virtual reality (VR) analgesic interventions for active labor with biofeedback-based VR technologies synchronized to uterine activity. Materials and Methods: We developed a VR system modeled on uterine contractions by connecting it to cardiotocographic equipment. We conducted a randomized controlled trial on a sample of 74 cases and 80 controls during active labor. Results: Results of the study showed a significant reduction of pain scores compared with both preintervention scores and to control group scores; a significant reduction of anxiety levels both compared with preintervention assessment and to control group and significant reduction in fear of labor experience compared with controls. Conclusion: VR may be considered as an effective nonpharmacological analgesic technique for the treatment of pain and anxiety and fear of childbirth experience during labor. The developed system could improve personalization of care, modulating the multisensory stimulation tailored to labor progression. Further studies are needed to compare the synchronized VR system to uterine activity and unsynchronized VR interventions.

Evaluation of the Effects of Epidural Labour Analgesia on Mode of Delivery in 250 Bedded District Hospital, Bagerhat, Bangladesh

Background: Labor pain is intensely severe, often leading to hyperventilation and hormonal releases that can harm the fetus by reducing oxygen supply and causing metabolic acidosis. Effective pain management during childbirth is crucial for both physical and mental health. Various pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic methods are available, with epidural analgesia being a prominent choice. It is widely used in high-income countries, provides substantial pain relief, and benefits uterine contractions and placental perfusion. Epidural analgesia has potential side effects and controversies, such as delayed labor and higher intervention rates. Aim of the Study: The study aimed to examine the impact of epidural analgesia on the mode of delivery. Methods: This observational study, conducted from July 2021 to June 2022 at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics in a 250-bed District Hospital in Bagerhat, Bangladesh, included 50 participants divided into two groups of 25 each: Group A (with epidural analgesia) and Group B (without epidural analgesia). Approved by the Ethical Committee, the study included women aged 18-35 years, 37-41 weeks gestation, in labor with regular contractions, at least 4 cm cervical dilatation, and a regular fetal heart rate pattern. Excluded were women with medical or obstetrical complications, uterine scars, or spinal deformities. Data were collected via interviews, observations, and clinical examinations. Result: In this study of 50 participants (25 per group), most women were under 30 years old, with mean ages of 22.4±4.5 and 22.9±5.2 years in groups A and B, respectively. Gestational ages ranged from 37 to 40 weeks, and BMIs were 18.5-24.9 kg/m². Both groups had similar parity distributions. Normal vaginal births occurred in 84% (Group A) and 88% (Group B), with LSCS rates at 4%. Group A had 60% male neonates with average birth weights of 2.86±0.27 kg, and Group B had 56% males with weights of 2.88±0.26 kg. APGAR scores were high in both groups. Conclusion: Epidural labor analgesia is safe and does not increase instrumental deliveries or affect neonatal outcomes, making it a viable pain management option. Obstetric care providers can use this information to counsel women.

EFFECTIVENESS OF BACK MASSAGE & LAMAZE BREATHING ON LABOR OUTCOMES AMONG PRIMIGRAVIDA IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITALS, LAHORE PAKISTAN: A RANDOMIZED CONTROL TRIAL

Labor pain is the most severe pain that first-time pregnant women experience during pregnancy and childbirth. If labor pain and anxiety are not addressed, they can lead to abnormal labor. Although there are many complementary non-pharmacological approaches to coping with labor pain, the quality of evidence is low and the best approaches are not established. This study protocol describes a proposed investigation of the effects of Lamaze breathing exercises and back massage on the labor experiences of first-time pregnant women.

A Pharmacotherapeutic Approaches for Managing Labour Pain Using Synthetic Drugs and Natural Therapies.

The birth of a child is a critical and potentially traumatic experience for women, entailing multiple physiological and psychosocial changes. The psychological effects of childbirth pain can have both immediate and long-term effects on the mother's health and her bond with her child. Many studies investigated the different ranges of synthetic drugs available for pain control in labour, inclusive of neuraxial analgesics, inhaled analgesics, and various opioids. The inadequate efficacy and unfavourable side effects of these synthetic drugs prevent appropriate pharmacotherapy, resulting in a quest for natural therapies for reducing labour pain. Herbal therapies (aromatherapy) using several essential oils obtained from various natural plants are another alternative that calms and manages the mind and body through aromatic compounds that have neurological and physiological effects. The review discussed the safety profile of various synthetic drugs with their dosage information and also deliberated on the mechanism and safety profile of various natural plants that are used in aromatherapy. The review also briefly highlighted the other non-pharmacological miscellaneous techniques such as TENS, hypnosis, immersion in water, acupuncture, massage, and different other tactics that aim to assist women in coping with pain in labour.

A comparison of childbirth self-efficacy, fear of childbirth, and labor pain intensity between primiparas and multiparas during the latent phase of labor: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundChildbirth is a long-lasting physiological stress. As one of the main stressors, labor pain exists throughout the whole process. Childbirth self-efficacy is the confidence, or belief that they can manage pain during childbirth. This sense of self-efficacy determines how pregnant women deal with labor pain and enables them to regulate their behavior and actively deal with childbirth. However, the difference in pain sensitivity between single births (primiparas) and multiple births (multiparas) has rarely been investigated.ObjectivesThis study is aimed at investigating self-efficacy, fear of childbirth, labor pain of primiparas and multiparas and exploring factors related to the perceived labor pain intensity of pregnant women.DesignProspective cross-sectional study.Setting(s)Labour and delivery in a large academic specialized hospital in Guangzhou, China.ParticipantsA total of 347 women, (182 primiparas and 165 multiparas) were enrolled in the data analysis. Pain was assessed before cervical dilatation (cervical dilatation ≤ 3 cm for the first delivery and ≤ 2 cm for the second delivery).MethodThe general information of participants was obtained by questionnaire and obstetrical records of the subjects were obtained from the electronic medical records extracted from the electronic medical record system (EMRS). Childbirth self-efficacy, fear of childbirth (FOC) and labor pain were compared between primiparas and multiparas. Paired t-test, chi-square test, Mann–Whitney test, univariate and multivariate regression analysis were used to analyze labor pain between the two groups and investigate factors related perceived labor pain intensity.ResultsThe total scores related to fear of childbirth, fetal health, self-control, and labor pain injury of multiparas were notably reduced compared with primiparas (all P < 0.05). The perceived labor pain intensity and duration of the first stage of labor was reduced in the multipara group compared with the primipara group. The childbirth control sense of the multipara was better than that of the primipara. The perceived labor pain intensity was negatively correlated with advanced age (age ≥ 35 years), self-efficacy score, family support, and education (all P < 0.05). In contrast, the perceived labor pain intensity was positively correlated with tension, severe fear of childbirth, and anxiety (P < 0.05). Self-efficacy, gravidity, delivery cognition, and fear of childbirth were independent risk factors for the perceived labor pain intensity in the latent period (all P < 0.05).ConclusionsFear of childbirth is a predictor of perceived labor pain intensity. The extent of labor pain (minimum and maximum) can be predicted by the level of fear the expectant mother has. During the latent phase of labor, self-efficacy, fear of childbirth and labor pain are different between primiparas and multiparas.

Differences in Labor Pain in the First Stage of the Active Phase Before and After Being Given Rebozo Shake The Apple Tree at TPMB Afah Fahmi, Surabaya City Area

Differences in Labor Pain in the First Stage of the Active Phase Before and After Being Given Rebozo Shake The Apple Tree at TPMB Afah Fahmi, Surabaya City Area

STUDY OF VAGINAL FLORA AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH PRETERM LABOUR PAIN AND PPROM

Objective: The aim of this study is to describe the bacterial flora of women in preterm labor with or without premature rupture of membranes. Methods: Prospective studies of 200 patients with preterm labor were performed. Results: 32 of 200 patients with preterm labor (16%) had bacterial vaginosis. 76 of the 200 patients with preterm labor (38 %) developed premature rupture of the membranes (preterm PROM). Of the 76 patients with preterm PROM, 14 (18.4%) had bacterial vaginosis. Therefore, 14 of the 32 patients with bacterial vaginosis (43.75%) developed preterm PROM. An increased number of organisms detected from the vaginal discharge in patients with preterm labor was associated with preterm PROM. An increased number of organisms detected from the vaginal discharge in patients with preterm labor complicated with bacterial vaginosis was significantly associated with preterm PROM. Conclusions: In preterm labor, the number of different species detected in the vagina provide sensitive and specific prediction of preterm PROM in patients with preterm labor.

The Effect of Using Rebozo Technique during Labor on the Sensation of Labor Pain and Labor Duration

The Effect of Using Rebozo Technique during Labor on the Sensation of Labor Pain and Labor Duration

Immersive Virtual Reality Application on Labor Pain, Anxiety and Satisfaction among Laboring Women

Immersive Virtual Reality Application on Labor Pain, Anxiety and Satisfaction among Laboring Women

The Effect of Jaripunktur on During Pain The Active Phase in Laboring Mothers at Independent Midwifery Clinics Y in Cimahi City

Labor pain is a major problem that is generally felt and experienced by all laboring women during the labor process. If not promptly addressed, this pain can induce excessive anxiety and fear in mothers during labor. This of course can cause labor to be prolonged and labor pain to feel more intense. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Jaripunktur (finger meridian points, LI 4 and SP 6) on pain during active phase I in laboring women at INDEPENDENT MIDWIFERY CLINICS Y in Cimahi City. The study was implemented through a Quasi-Experimental approach, utilizing a control group design with pre-test and post-test on two groups. The statistical analysis employed is the Wilcoxon test, with the p-value &lt;0.05. This research involved a total of 38 participants, all of whom were working mothers in the first stage of labor, split into two groups of 19 each for the intervention and control groups respectively. The study took place from November 17 to December 17, 2022, utilizing questionnaires for collecting data. Findings indicated that Jaripunktur's application positively influenced analgesia during the first stage of labor in the mothers studied. Given this study, midwives or other healthcare workers should apply Jaripunktur to women in active stage I labor.