Labor Reality Research Articles

The Role of the Informal Economy in Child Labour in Rural India

This research paper delves into the heartbreaking reality of child labour within India’s informal economy, where millions of children are forced to abandon their childhoods for work. Despite laws designed to protect their rights, countless young lives are caught in a web of exploitation driven by poverty and a lack of opportunity. This study reveals the complex factors that lead children into labour—such as economic hardship, inadequate access to education, and societal norms that often overlook their suffering.

Nutritional Status and Food Habits of Child Labor in Rangpur City, Bangladesh

Background: In Bangladesh, the harsh reality of child labor persists, with over 8 million children engaged in such work. This not only deprives them of their childhood but also has severe implications for their mental and physical health. This study seeks to investigate the daily food intake and nutritional status of child laborers in Rangpur City, shedding light on the broader health impacts of child labor in this region. Methods: The study employed a structured questionnaire and anthropometric measurements to assess the socioeconomic status and dietary habits of participants. Pretesting ensured questionnaire accuracy, while daily and weekly recall methods captured comprehensive food consumption data. Socioeconomic inquiries included income, education, employment, and family details, providing a holistic understanding of participants' circumstances. Results: The survey highlights that most working children are aged 12-14, predominantly employed in mechanics and sales, working long hours under precarious conditions for low wages, primarily to support their families. Despite some attending primary school and receiving employer-provided meals and medical aid, these children struggle with inadequate education and nutrition, and a high incidence of workplace accidents. Conclusion: Child laborers have often poorer nutritional status than the average person. They are not provided with a proper diet. Consequently, they are dealing with various health problems.

Conducting pedagogues: a dialogue with Maestro Jean-François Rivest, act II

Understanding the didactic-pedagogical structures concerning the teaching-learning process of the conducting, are not summarized to the technical-gestural aspects, it permeates administrative, logistics and psych-pedagogical elements. To visualize this perspective in the light of labor reality, the narratives of academic, artistic and professional life are resorted through a cycle of interviews with national (Brazil) and international conductors. The professional to be interviewed is the Canadian conductor and professor Jean-François Rivest. Considered one of the most prominent violinist of his generation, Rivest studied at Julliard School with Ivan Galamian, and his musical path soon led him to a fruitful international career. As a Professor at the Université de Montréal, founded the institution's Symphony Orchestra. Giving voice to conductors as Rivest allows us to visualize new practical, conceptual and pedagogical perspectives, and directs us to look at the real needs of the field of conducting: to think and act beyond the gestural technique.

초임사회복지사의 감정노동 경험연구

This study aimed to explore the experiences of emotional labor among novice social workers. For this purpose, in-depth interviews were conducted with eight novice social workers, within their first three years of employment, working in cities and counties in Chungcheongnam-do, followed by qualitative analysis. The essence of the emotional labor of novice social workers was extracted into 14 sub-components and 6 core meanings. Participants work as professionals, but the environments they work in are different from what they expected. Social workers' duties sometimes escalate into various violent situations from problematic clients, and they also experience fear of intervening in someone's life. They feel stifled by the demands of the bureaucratic hierarchy. Despite choosing this path willingly, they contemplate whether to pursue a different career but seek to rediscover their calling as social workers. They strive to grow as professionals and hope for measures to prevent emotional labor so that social workers can continue working sustainably. Lastly, this study is significant in that it identifies the reality of emotional labor among novice social workers, providing policy and practical evidence. However, the study is limited in its generalizability as it only involves novice social workers in municipal facilities in the Chungcheongnam region.

Blue Gold, Game-Based Learning to Encourage Sustainable Consumption: The Case of Mobile Phones

The concept of sustainability is different in industry and in nature. In the case of mobile phones, the constant replacement by new models increases waste to ecologically unbearable limits. To encourage responsible and sustainable consumption, we designed an educational game in a role-play format, called Blue Gold. The objective was to make known the use of cobalt in the production of mobile phones and the methods and people involved in its extraction. We present three characters that each participant could become during the game: a Congolese girl, a Congolese boy, or an American boy. Through socio-educational dynamics of experiential learning, 308 undergraduate students and 31 of their teachers participated in the game. We set out to investigate whether knowing the reality of child labor and violence against women happening in cobalt mines could have any impact on consumer behavior, if the effect of the game could delay the desire to purchase a mobile phone or refuse to buy a new one. The results obtained revealed the influence of the role assumed in the game and the gender of the participants. They also revealed that this online role-playing game is effective in encouraging a more sustainable consumption behavior.

Ukraine’s labor market after a year and a half of full-scale war: non-standard employment and digitalization

The article describes the results of a study of the prevalence of non-standard employment in Ukraine and the relationship between non-standard employment and digitalization in Ukraine. The COVID-19 pandemic and the full-scale invasion of Russia on February 24, 2022, have radically affected the labor market and the spread of non-standard employment. A year and a half after the start of the full-scale war, the share of the unemployed has decreased, and some researchers and specialists have already begun to talk about "personnel hunger" in certain areas and industries. However, despite the activation of the labor market, the work of only 30% of Ukrainians can be identified as standard employment. Moreover, there is de facto no return to the standard employment format. Another factor contributing to the spread of non-standard forms of employment is digitalization. Digitalization is often used as a general all-encompassing concept but based on information about the use of digital devices and technologies, three categories can be distinguished, corresponding to three stages of technological development - computerization, Internetization, and digitalization. At the same time, digitization can be defined as the creation of information and analytical platforms that have analytical and predictive functions. The highest level of computerization and Internetization is observed among Ukrainians whose employment can be characterized as non-standard. The highest level of computerization, Internetization, and digitalization are among sole proprietors, respondents who can work remotely and have a flexible schedule. With a fairly high level of use of digital devices and technologies (62% of surveyed Ukrainians use a laptop, tablet or smartphone at work), this level is still lower than the European average. The further spread of Internetization and digitization (information and analytical solutions and platforms) can become one of the drivers of non-standard employment, which, given its magnitude, should be, as A. Kolot notes, completely and irreversibly transformed into a ordinary, traditional social and labor reality.

Vidas Secas and the relations of rural degrading work in contemporary Brazil

This work explores the fictional depiction of the farm worker, in Vidas secas, by Brazilian novelist Graciliano Ramos, in dialogue with a contemporary labor reality in rural areas, based on a series of conventional sources of labor law in Brazil. As for the procedures applied, this is a theoretical and interdisciplinary research with a predominantly qualitative character, and a primarily bibliographic nature. By means of a concatenation of the data obtained in both fields of knowledge/culture – law and literature –, theoretical, analytical and critical arguments were made. An attempt was made to raise reflections on the facts presented in the literary work and their resemblance with the current Brazilian reality mainly concerning slave labor and employer-employee deals.

Theorizing Human Trafficking and Unfree Labor

In this article, we are dealing with human trafficking for reasons of labor exploitation. For us, it is important to look at the historicity of the reality of unfree labor, which for Latin America, the Caribbean, and Africa, mostly means its connection to chattel slavery, the illegalization of unfree labor, and the development of the legal term of human trafficking and the introduction of laws against it. In looking at where today's legal, social, and political reality is coming from, we are also able to deepen our critique of today's law and its application.

NHẬN DIỆN LAO ĐỘNG TRẺ EM VÀ CÁC HOẠT ĐỘNG CÔNG TÁC XÃ HỘI TRONG PHÒNG NGỪA LAO ĐỘNG TRẺ EM THÔNG QUA TRƯỜNG HỌC

Child labor is a social problem appearing in every continent and every country. Actual databases are showing that the world in general and many regions and countries, in particular, are still facing an alarming rate of child labor, especially after the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic all around the world. The reality of child labor causes serious consequences affecting the development of children, families, and society in all different countries around the world. Especially for children, child labor causes physical, mental, and moral dangers; children are deprived of the opportunity to go to school; children have to combine school and work with heavy and dangerous jobs for a long time. In such a situation, identifying child labor indicators is very important in preventing and reducing child labor, especially child labor prevention activities through school from the perspective of social work. The content of this article will focus on the criteria to identify child labor according to specific provisions of international and Vietnamese laws and social work activities in preventing child labor through school thereby helping children to continue in school, reducing the risk of exclusion from school, and entering the labor market early.

The Night Trains: Moving Mozambican Miners to and from South Africa, 1902–1955

The Night Trains: Moving Mozambican Miners to and from South Africa, 1902–1955

Older Workers’ Labor and the Gig-Economy: Precarization or New Opportunities?

The gig-economy is a flexible form of labor characterized by project employment on digital platforms. The purpose of the article is to analyze the essence of the gig-economy in order to assess its impact on the work of the older generation. The analytical review was made taking into account the following tasks: 1) analysis of relevant literature, 2) secondary analysis of quantitative, qualitative and statistical data, 3) assessing the impact of the gig-economy on the employment of pensioners in terms of precarization. An analysis of the literature shows that the “flexibilization” of the labor market is described in ambiguous terms: a number of authors describe the positive aspects (no set schedule, growth of individuality, eradication of bureaucratic restrictions), while others focus on the negative consequences (instability of income, lack of social guarantees, overexploitation, etc.). The author highlights a number of negative risks for the elderly gig-employed (forced self-employment, vulnerability to fraud, lack of social guarantees from the employer, etc.), but comes to the conclusion that the gig economy has a fairly positive impact on the employment of the elderly: 1) social security (basic pension income and social state protection), 2) integration into a new labor reality and opportunities to improve well-being, 3) resocialization, etc. A separate advantage of selfemployment is a fiscal innovation that is beneficial for the elderly which allows pensioners to obtain the status of self-employed without sacrificing pension indexation. The scientific novelty of the study lies in analyzing the employment of the older generation through the lens of the gig-economy and precarization.

The surrogate labor of the eye: Farocki, Papa, and the eeefff collective

ABSTRACT The following essay explores the work of art as a site of encounter with human perceptual labor that plays a role in technical operations. It tackles the way such labor is deemed obsolete, soon to be replaced, and therefore surrogate even if it actually animates and reproduces automated vision systems. It explores how art goes about representing the ways in which such labor is undervalued and unrecognized. The text argues for reading in between the lines and images of Harun Farocki’s films, installations, and writings where the obsolescence of human labor emerges more as an ideological screen than a fact. It focuses on moments in his oeuvre which indicate that human labor, including cognition as automation’s last frontier, is not automated away but persists, changes site, undergoes restructuring, and becomes more hidden. More recent works by the eeefff collective and Elisa Giardina Papa explore the intertwined roles of human affection and vision labor in the necessarily failed attempts to teach machines to see and feel, to “clean” the algorithmic vision and affection from opacity and the queerness of real life. Both artists leave behind Farocki’s self-reflexive, detached spectator to involve the audience in more situated and embodied experiences of perception labor and the particular ways in which such labor has become outsourced and dispersed in semi-peripheries such as Sicily or Belarus. They try to express the price that people pay with their emotions and bodies for such work. Yet, in principle, they follow Farocki’s take on labor’s in/visibility in that they challenge the ruling ideologies that blind human vision to the realities of labor. The essay also pays attention to the ways in which both artistic and technical vision today are pre-determined by the logic of the gig economy.

Fight for Your Long Day by Alex Kudera

Reviewed by: Fight for Your Long Day by Alex Kudera Peter Faziani (bio) fight for your long day Alex Kudera Atticus Books https://atticusbooks.net/books/2010-releases/fight-for-your-long-day/ 266 pages; Print, $17.95 Alex Kudera's Fight for Your Long Day criticizes an under-discussed issue in the literary conversation surrounding higher education—adjunct labor. The book's main character, Cyrus Duffleman, is a man of few lauded traits; he lacks confidence, is overweight, struggles economically, and is often distracted by the stress and expectations of his overworked life. Although this novel successfully forces the reader to analyze the adjunctification and abuse of faculty across higher education, it does so by what feels like an intentional exaggeration of reality as Duffleman works through his "long day." This intentional over-exaggeration skews the reality of adjunct labor in such a way that the reader questions not only the message but also the plausibility of Duffleman's narrative. Kudera's intimate understanding of the stressors placed on adjunct faculty members on any day, but especially their long day, is powerful. Throughout the development of the novel, Duffleman takes on many different identities as he puts on the hats of different universities, deals with the demands of the students, and faces the unplanned situations that happen on a college campus. That said, Kudera's portrayal over-exaggerates the frequency of such situations as a challenge to daily life. Although the stressed, overworked, and underpaid life of the adjunct faculty is the primary focus of Kudera's novel, Duffleman's increasingly downtrodden experience, his strange and sole focus on the negative or erotic, and the ultimately deceitful nature of his experience forces the reader to push back on the reality of Duffleman's everyday life. Even as caricature, it's overdone. The beginning of the novel grounds Duffleman's rushed and exhausted morning to get to his first class as a routine of his overworked reality. Although he would love the life of a tenured faculty, "Duffy accepts his adjunct status and pay, choosing to ignore the fact that most college instructors earn [End Page 34] less than sanitation engineers and public bus drivers, and significantly less than sales professionals and accountants, never mind the management types in pornography and terrorism." The problem is that Duffleman's reality is anything but real. Although the scope of the novel distinguishes a fundamental flaw in higher education's labor model, Kundera pushes the believability of Duffleman's daily life into unbelievable moments. The daily life and the ritual that any person must endure on a given day often catalogs breaks in reality as unusual, whereas the rest is established as mundane and ordinary. In fact, scholars such as Michel de Certeau, Henri Lefebvre, and more recently Ben Highmore have all studied "everyday life" as a means of thinking critically about the experiences that go overlooked. Highmore suggests in Everyday Life and Cultural Theory (2001) that contrary to the argument of Jessica Evans, a scholar studying the Mass-Observation movement in England during the 1930s and 1940s, the observation of the routine and ritual is rooted in documenting and understanding rather than the intent to other them. Highmore ties his understanding of the everyday to the way an observer is documenting without influence, much like the way a reader reads without sway over the text. Kudera, like Evans, seems to view his subject through a lens of oversimplified and exaggerated terms. Ultimately, these terms push the reader into questioning the plausibility of the long day's relentless and unmitigated negative events that tear through multiple campuses across Philadelphia. Kudera's push into exaggerated reality is not instantaneous. It happens throughout the day as Duffleman's energy level drops and his ability to continue wanes without a cup of coffee or a chance to close his eyes on the train. However, it is worth noting that even though the novel was published in 2010 and reflects America's palpable and present fear of terrorism in almost every facet of life, a racist outburst turned fistfight to the assassination of a federal official with a bow and arrow is a giant leap. Although the...

Domestic Shifts: Reproducing Peripheral Realism in Philippine Call-Center Fiction

This essay situates the recent rise of literature about Filipino call-center agents within the social, economic, and political shifts that are a result of the Philippine economy's waning reliance on Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) to support domestic social reproduction. While the Filipino business process outsourcing (BPO) industry positions itself as a domestic solution to the supposed diasporic fragmentation of home, family, and nation engendered by the Philippines' long dependence on its overseas workers, call-center fiction reveals how the disorienting temporal, affective, and spatial realities of call-center labor merely reconfigure and shift the terms of the Philippines' continued transnational subordination to global capitalist imperatives. Interrogating these domestic shifts, twenty-first-century Philippine call-center fiction reproduces a unique mode of peripheral realism made uncanny by the late-twentieth-century global dispersal of OFWs and the attendant crises of representation in both national identity and literary form that stem from this unparalleled labor exodus. Typified by experimental interruptions in both content and form, Philippine call-center fiction's uncanny reproduction of peripheral realism registers a self-reflexive awareness not only of the BPO industry's domestic-national contradictions but also of the Philippines' extraordinarily outsized and increasingly disorienting role in reproducing global capitalist modernity.

Limits to disclosures and the continuum of labour exploitation in the Bangladeshi ready-made garment sector

ABSTRACT This paper questions if enough is done to tackle modern slavery within the ready-made garments (RMG) supply chains, through the lens of disclosures in improving work practices. Using evidence from Bangladesh, we find how there is a continuum of labour exploitation where the reality of forced labour is not a static one, but a continuum of experiences highlighting the complexity of the exploitative environment within the dominant neoliberal logic of transparency disclosures. It is imperative not only to make disclosures more robust through due diligence, but support capacity to address exploitation at the lower end of the supply chain.

이북명 소설에 나타난 노동 현실 연구

The purpose of this study is to examine the changes in the labor reality in Lee Buk-myeong's novels according to social situations. Novelist Lee Buk-myung started as a literary writer who embodies the vivid reality of workers lives in relation to the Bolshevik line of KAPF in the colonial era. His literary flow can be brought up by the following periodical segmentation. First, in the novel by Lee Buk-myung, the oppression mechanism that he directly or indirectly experienced while working as a worker at the Joseon Nitrogen Fertilizer Factory in Noguchi(野口) Konzern for three years from 1927 is concretely embodied. This is embodied labor reality of factory environment full of noise and stench, industrial accidents related to injuries, diseases and deaths, layoffs and unauthorized dismissals through physical examinations, and ethnic discrimination resulting from duties, wages, and various types of treatment. Second, it is possible to find the labor reality symbolized by the accumulation mechanisms in which capital and imperial ideology continuously tame workers and the aspect of worker resistance at the points of awakening that reject it. These acclimation mechanisms are achieved in the Joseon Nitrogen Fertilizer Factory through religious magazines that exhort integrity and diligence based on Protestant ethics. However, the tragedy of a colleague who eventually dies due to an industrial accident and unlawful dismissal becomes a trigger for the workers to start the May Day struggle. In addition, it criticizes the acclimation mechanisms of the imperial educational ideology through the narrative in which an individual who has been disciplined by the ethics of integrity and honesty under the general education system of Japanese imperialism quickly turns to an action based on traditional and instinctive agent in a dramatic crisis situation. Third, Lee Buk-myung's work, written as part of a production novel, a national literature that was forced on writers under the wartime mobilization system at the end of the colonial period, was intended to be a narrative of irony in order to indirectly criticize it under the oppressive situation of patriotism in the rear. It seems to follow the logic of the Japanese imperialist patriotism in the rear by using a sick engineer with no field experience, but implicitly, not only was I touched by the tenacious life of grassroots, not the spirit of protecting the country with electricity. Ironically, he criticizes the labor reality of wartime mobilization under the new system of Konoe(近衛)'s cabinet by causing bitter laughter by his weak and sloppy behavior as an engineer. Fourth, the period of peaceful construction that came along with the liberation and the rapidly changing labor reality under the post-war reconstruction construction and socialist political system is eloquent as the typical form of labor ethic of state socialism. This leads to the strengthening of a work ethic of selflessness that taboos individual desires and turns all labor into social work, and leads to a monolithic leadership system that follows it like a halo. Therefore, whole society is transformed into a factory state in the state of unity of ‘life=labor’ and ‘individual=nation(people)’ by driving all individual lives into a social plaza. In order for this work ethic to permeate all parts of society and for the state to become a factory for production, education and agitation work must start from the family, the smallest unit of society, and the ячейка unit within the factory. Public labor as a product of forced ideology and refinement, and propaganda novels written in the dimension of public-refinement, to reinforce it, can be said to be another acclimation mechanism that forms the fundamental basis of North Korea's view of labor and art.

A Secret Princess by Margaret Stohl

Reviewed by: A Secret Princess by Margaret Stohl Danica Ronquillo Stohl, Margaret A Secret Princess; by Margaret Stohl and Melissa de la Cruz. Putnam, 2022 [400p] Trade ed. ISBN 9781984812049 $18.99 E-book ed. ISBN 9781984812056 $10.99 Reviewed from digital galleys R Gr 7-10 Fifteen-year-old Mary Lennox from India attends the Select Seminary for Young Ladies and Gentlemen, a boarding school in Manchester, England, where children [End Page 366] are under the reign of the strict headmistress Minerva Minchin. Adventurous and full of wit, Mary is not afraid to speak her mind as she witnesses the injustices at the school, especially Minchin's cruel treatment towards Mary's first ever friend Sara Crewe, known as a bright little princess from the Philippines. Minchin takes away all of Sara's possessions and forces her to become a servant to pay for her school debt, while Mary's troublemaking earns her a transfer to America where her uncle lives. Not willing to be separated, Mary, Sara, and Cedric Errol, a disabled and mysterious boy who they befriended at the school, run away to Paris but end up getting sidetracked to discover a secret garden that will change their lives forever. This is a charming mash-up of Frances Hodgson Burnett's beloved classics A Secret Garden, A Little Princess, and Little Lord Fauntleroy, and all three protagonists benefit from one another's differences. The lavish descriptions of wealthy countryside landscapes and estates contrast with the accurately dreary portrayal of the 1860s, which doesn't shy away from the realities of wartime poverty and child labor. Emotionally-driven dialogue, repetition, and sophisticated language will keep readers, especially fans of Burnett's work, turning pages to see just how these distinct characters can define their futures. Copyright © 2022 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

Thinking Resistance, “Emergency,” and Kismet: A Response to Dylan Rodríguez’s Presidential Address

Thinking Resistance, “Emergency,” and Kismet: A Response to Dylan Rodríguez’s Presidential Address Sunaina Maira (bio) Dylan Rodríguez’s presidential address in October 2021 was delivered at a virtual conference, in that not-quite-new but still strange digital space that we have inhabited for our work and collective gatherings since the onset of COVID-19. Rodríguez begins his eloquent talk by acknowledging Indigenous Peoples Day and issuing an urgent call for “collective study” and a “gathering force” expressed through insurgent knowledge production. He shares a radical vision of forms of “revolt, insurrection, creativity, self-determined community” that could realize “abolitionist, liberated ways of being.” In the wake of Black Lives Matter (BLM) uprisings across the US and globally in 2020, and in the context of border violence targeting Haitian refugees and other migrants, this powerful call is one that American studies scholars needed to hear. At the beginning of his talk, Rodríguez comments briefly that it has been an “extraordinary couple of years” due to the pandemic and global uprisings but does not mention the virtual nature of the conference or of teaching during the lockdown nor elaborate on the convergence of “pandemic with police power.” I want to consider what it means to call for resistance to the US state at a moment when the ravages of medical apartheid and vaccine nationalism were—and are—still wreaking havoc in Black and Brown communities and inflicting mass deaths on vulnerable populations, within and beyond the US. Furthermore, what does a “gathering force” represent when many could not, or were not supposed to, gather in person and are excluded from or struggling in the new Zoom world? Counterinsurgency/Counterrevolution Rodríguez draws our attention to an ongoing crisis of “oppressive violence” that preceded the unequal suffering produced by the pandemic, incisively focusing [End Page 213] on the necessity of challenging reformism as a recuperative response to the national state of emergency. He offers several important examples of such responses to police terror and BLM protests, including corporate co-optation of antiracist frameworks as well as opportunistic appropriation by the university. In his brilliant analysis, the work of American studies is defined in relation to the imperial state’s need for “infiltration of ideas” as well as pedagogy in order to reform, rather than radically transform, the state apparatus, thus the need for a complex and militant “anti-‘American’” dissent. He highlights Black study as a source of abolitionist praxis but also indigenous, anticolonial, feminist, and queer thought as part of a culture war that operates through “counterinsurgency.” I think it is important to note that the larger, if implicit, context for this critique is also the debate unleashed by “domestic warfare” in the Capitol on January 6, 2021. The attacks by Trump supporters were generally framed by a nationalist narrative of “emergency” for the US state and a momentary disruption of stable democracy, a temporal deviation provoked by an exceptionally authoritarian, right-wing populist leader, thus reinscribing the state of exception.1 Coups presumably never happen in the US, so there is a spatial exceptionalism in this “progressivist narrative” as well. This state of emergency was also reinscribed on the mass deaths of Americans during the pandemic, as defenders of US exceptionalism attempted to contain the embarrassing crisis of public health and neoliberal capitalism in order to rewrite the decline of US empire (given the scale and racial specificity of fatalities due to COVID-19, perhaps they could also be described as “proto-genocidal”?). The battles over masking only amplified preexisting culture and race wars in which entrenched libertarianism and neoliberal individualism evaded the economic and existential precarity caused by degraded social welfare and state health care. Nationalist slogans, including liberal ones by those working remotely, about essential workers as “heroes” on the frontlines of the pandemic have obfuscated the material realities of precarious labor and worker struggles that erupted during the pandemic.2 Social distancing protocols also transformed the terrain of organizing, making it difficult to do community outreach and transforming the “public.” While Rodríguez does not mention these struggles during the pandemic, he rightly argues that racial and class wars entail not...

Syllabus as Crisis Autoethnography: Performance in Extraordinary Times

This personal essay examines entanglements of contemporary crises and pedagogical routines using the syllabus as autoethnography. Syllabi are an intrinsically autoethnographic genre: combining personal and disciplinary ideals, scoring contributing voices via course materials, and operating within the realities of academic labor. The syllabus for “Performance in Extraordinary Times” organizes reflections on the ways COVID-19, lethal U.S. anti-Blackness, shocks to U.S. performing arts communities, and crises of student mental health unfolded between 2020 and 2021. The essay invites questions about the ways syllabi operate as crisis management strategies and how they sometimes succumb to the very dynamics they aspire to address.

Безумовний базовий дохід у дзеркалі нової соціоекономічної та епідеміологічної реальності

The article is devoted to the issue of unconditional basic income as an institute in the field of social protection and a component of a new social contract in the coordinates of new socio-economic and epidemiological reality. The relevance of the study is due to the need to increase the level of social quality under conditions of exacerbation of risks and threats produced by new (digital) economy’s drivers and the coronavirus crisis’s scaling. New dangers and restrictions on social and labor development emerge under the influence of challenges posed by the “big bang-1” and the “big bang-2”, which stipulates the search for new “pillars” of distribution relations and social policy. The aim of the article is scientific argumentation of the institute of social and labor reality of the XXI century, unconditional basic income, in the context of building a new system of social protection on a post-industrial basis in accordance with principles of coherence, accessibility, transparency and fairness in order to ensure a socially acceptable standard and quality of life. Among the article’s elements of novelty is the author’s concept of unconditional basic income as one of the leading components of the new social contract; coverage of socio-economic essence and substantiation of scientific and applied meaning of unconditional basic income under conditions of new (digital) economy and network society development. The research goal is achieved through the use of systematic and interdisciplinary approaches; general scientific and special methods of scientific research: historical and logical, methods of analysis and synthesis, theoretical generalization, abstract-logical, induction and deduction, comparative analysis, system, synthesis, decomposition. The quintessence of the article is a scientific and applied substantiation of unconditional dimensions of basic income as an institute with a positive role in the field of distributive relations: the protection of income in the absence of employment guarantees on the one hand, and as a social project that should become the basis of a new paradigm of social protection in development of a “society without work” on the other. The basic principles of unconditional basic income introduction are revealed; the reasons that determine the necessity and expediency of unconditional basic income introduction are highlighted; new opportunities and potential risks in case of introduction of unconditional basic income are outlined; generalization of world practices of unconditional basic income’s elements introduction and the author’s vision of preconditions for a large-scale pilot project on unconditional basic income in Ukraine are provided.