Labour Market In Spain Research Articles

The formation of the tourism labour market in Spain, 1955–1973

AbstractThis paper studies the process of labour market formation in the tourism industry in Spain. Results show that tourism regions diverged in their capacity to attract local labour, a factor that led to different compositions of the workforce. In the most dynamic regions, circular migration became a key factor as a result of housing shortages, seasonality and labour policy. Tourism agents promoted these flows by different mechanisms such as recruitment at origin and temporary accommodation. Migration benefited growth of firms, natives' upward mobility and migrants' accumulation of capital. However, inequality in the regional labour market and host society increased.

Youth emancipation and the labour market in Spain

This paper studies the effects of a negative economic shock on short-and long-term youth emancipation in Spain over the period 1995-2017. We use a vector autoregressive (VAR) model with different endogenous and exogenous variables which might have an impact on youth residential emancipation according to the academic literature. The results show how emancipation is impacted negatively by the shock after two quarters on average. Following this, the situation returns to its prior state at an accelerated rate. We also find that, in the short-term, the unemployment rate has a greater influence than the temporary employment rate on youth emancipation. In the long-term, this trend is reversed. To conclude, we find that emancipation processes do not depend as much on entry into the labour market as they do on the conditions to stay in it.

Traducción e interpretación en los servicios públicos: formación y competencias útiles para el mercado laboral

Public service interpreting and translation (PSIT) is a subfield of translation and interpreting. Still, it could stand independently due to the variety of subfields it encompasses and, thus, the job possibilities. Despite being considered an under-professionalised field in Spain, hundreds of graduates are interested and trained in PSIT, hoping to enhance their employment chances. However, this field relies on very few studies that focus specifically on employment, the skills that can make students employable or the graduates’ perspectives regarding the usefulness of the education and training received. This paper has three objectives: to explore the most useful skills for the PSIT labour market in Spain from the perspective of the graduates of a specific programme based on a selection of skills, to explore the potential relationship between internships and labour market insertion and to determine differences by language pairs. Results are obtained based on data gathered through a questionnaire sent to this specific training programme graduates. They show essential differences between the perception of the different language pairs in which the programme is taught, which could be correlated with other labour market needs and job opportunities. In turn, these differences also affect the usefulness of the skills that the students develop in the programme. Moreover, despite the variety of the subfields involved in the PSIT field, there is a specific relation between internships and certain jobs, especially for part of the Arabic, Chinese, French, and Russian groups graduates.

Covid-19 impacts on unemployment on the migration-gender intersections in Spain, a multilevel study

Abstract Background The covid-19 pandemic has led to several socioeconomic consequences, which ultimately affect individuals’ health status. This study aims to assess and explore the short-term impacts of the pandemic on the labour market in Spain, through the intersectional and multilevel analysis of unemployment rates. Methods Cross-sectional study using data from the Spanish Labour Force Survey from the three quarters before and after the outbreak of covid-19 (N = 922,074). Multilevel logistic regressions were used to calculate the odds of being unemployed for the intersectional positions on gender and migration background, nested within 7 educational levels. Results Before (pre) and after (post) the covid-19 outbreak, women had higher odds (ORnw-pre=1.974; p-value<0.001; ORmw-pre=2.202; p-value<0.001) of being unemployed than men (ORmm-pre= 0.887; p-value<0.001). However, the pandemic affected women's employment unequally. Migrant women experienced an increase in the risk of being unemployed 6 times larger than native women (48.67% (ORmw-post=2.688; p-value<0.001) v 8.78% (ORnw-post=2.062; p-value<0.001)). Moreover, in the post-covid 19 scenario, individual characteristics of migrant women (ORmw-post=2.688; p-value<0.001) played a larger role in the risk of being unemployed than their educational level (MOR=2.537). Conclusions Migrant women are disproportionately bearing the short-term economic consequences of the pandemic by means of higher unemployment rates, underpinning experiences of racism and gender discrimination. Increasingly attention needs to be placed on discriminated groups in society. Targeted protective policies that foster labour market integration and increase social protection are needed to mitigate and decrease existing economic, social, and health inequalities. Key messages • Migrant women have disproportionately carried the economic impact of the covid-19 pandemic in Spain. Targeted protective policies are needed to mitigate existing socioeconomic and health inequalities. • Migrant women’s gender and migration background play a greater role than their education in the risk of being unemployed, underpinning experiences of racism and gender discrimination.

Public service interpreting and translation: employability, skills, and perspectives on the labour market in Spain

ABSTRACT Over the past ten years, employability has been one of the key issues in translation and interpreting (T&I), both in professional practice and in academic settings. However, very few studies focus specifically on the employability of the graduates in the Public Service Interpreting and Translation (PSIT) sector. This article focuses on the latter in a postgraduate programme taught in several language pairs in Spain. Its objectives are to identify aspects that characterise the graduates’ professional situation within the PSIT labour market, to analyse the graduates’ perception regarding the training received and its applicability to the labour market, and to identify tendencies and differences by language pairs. The results, based on a questionnaire sent to eleven cohorts of graduates, will be used to assess the extent to which the programme prepares for market needs, to analyse adaptation possibilities, and provide information that can be useful for programmes that involve several language pairs. Moreover, programme designers, researchers, and PSIT employers can also benefit from the differentiation of the findings by language pairs, which shows different interests within the labour market, and the reflection on skills that may affect employability in the T&I sector.

Scars that Never Heal: Dualisation and Youth Employment Policies in Spain from the Great Recession to the Corona Crisis

This article analyses the evolution of the dual labour market in Spain in the post-crisis and provides a first assessment of the labour market impact of the Covid-19 crisis. With the only exception of reducing the distance between the regulation of temporary and permanent contracts, the reforms introduced during the great re-cession and the post-crisis period have not only failed to reduce inequalities in the labour market, but have amplified some of them in interaction with austerity policies. Policies targeting young workers have delivered limited success in improving the position of the most disadvantaged, and more generally, to reduce dualisation as temporary employment remains very high whilst employment conditions of younger groups have deteriorated and become more widespread among those with higher educational attainment.

¿Y después de la universidad qué? Análisis de las transiciones del sistema educativo al empleo en España

Este artículo analiza la inserción laboral de los titulados universitarios en España. Mediante una muestra de 23 885 graduados en 2009 se estudian las probabilidades de acceso al empleo cinco años después de la obtención de la titulación. Los resultados muestran que, si bien las probabilidades de acabar sobreeducados son altas para hombres y mujeres, una mayor inversión educativa asegura mejores oportunidades laborales para ambos. Además, se confirma que las mujeres, en igualdades formativas, tienen más dificultades que los hombres para acceder a los empleos de calidad. Asimismo, se establece que mientras que las carreras que presentan mayor empleabilidad son las sanitarias y las ingenierías, las que peores posibilidades laborales presentan son las científicas, las ciencias sociales y las humanísticas. Por último, se comprueba que los hombres con estudios masculinizados tienen más facilidades para insertarse laboralmente y menores probabilidades de acabar sobreeducados que las mujeres con las mismas características.

Identidad profesional y socialización de género: un estudio desde la manualística escolar en la España democrática

The construction of professional identity is a concept that holds interest for a variety of disciplines such as Anthropology, Psychology or Pedagogy. From the perspective of social constructivism, it has a narrative, dynamic character and is shaped by the interaction of the subject with current socio-historical discourses and their interiorization. During the decade of the nineteen seventies, the labor market in Spain experienced a massive incorporation of women, brought about by social and legislative advances in education and employment. The years of Spanish democracy are essential in the configuration and renewal of female identity in the economic field. This article focuses on the influence of the school textbook - the main didactic resource used in formal education - in this configuration. It presents models and stereotypes linked to gender, with a potential influence on the transmission and configuration of a biased socio-labor culture. In order to study this influence, our research examines a total of 20 elementary education textbooks in the areas of Language and Social Sciences in two periods of democratic Spain —the so-called Transition period and the current moment—, to explore the professional identity of women linked to the economic socialization as this is conveyed through this educational tool. Our results reveal a minimal inclusion of women as economic subjects in the textbooks; the underrepresentation of females performing paid activities, as well the lack of professional diversity serve to highlight a substantial inequality in the socialization processes between men and women, contrary to the goals of coeducational teaching values.

Immigrants’ educational credentials leading to employment outcomes: The role played by language skills

Transferability of human capital is a key issue in the analysis of immigrants’ integration in the destination country, according to both empirical and theoretical literature. In addition to the problem of recognition of immigrants’ educational credentials and their lack of social networks, language is highlighted in the literature as a crucial factor regarding human capital transfer. This paper considers the role played by Spanish language skills in the integration of migrants into the labour market in Spain. It takes advantage of the fact that about half of the immigrant population have Spanish as their native language, and of the diversity levels of fluency in Spanish among the remaining immigrants. Using the Labour Force Survey special module on the labour market situation of immigrants (INE 2015), the research has two purposes: first, to measure the direct effect of language skills on employment outcomes; and second, to analyze the complementary vs. substitution hypotheses regarding the interaction between Spanish language skills and educational credentials as determining factors for employment. The results confirm that skill levels in Spanish have a significant role regarding access to employment. Regarding the complementary vs. substitution hypotheses, interesting gender differences appear that confirm the striking contrasts in the Spanish labour market for female and male immigrants. For men, their level of Spanish acts as a complement to their educational qualifications in helping them to obtain employment, but this is not the case for women. However, female immigrant workers seem to obtain higher employment returns on their educational qualifications than men when it comes to avoiding very low-skilled jobs.

EL DERECHO AL TRABAJO EN TIEMPOS DE EXCEPCIONALIDAD CONSTITUCIONAL: LA REGULACIÓN LABORAL EN TORNO AL COVID-19 EN ESPAÑA

The state of alarm decreed due to COVID-19 has resulted in significant regulatory production with special incidence on the constitutional right to work. The fundamental criterion that has guided the labor regulations, as well as the numerous interpretative instruments that have accompanied it, has been the maintenance of employment and the protection of the most vulnerable groups, as well as the network of social services that have supported citizenship in a crisis unprecedented in recent history.. The weight of the circumstances, in turn, has caused notable deficiencies in the legislative technique and affected some structural deficiencies in the labor market in Spain. The crisis in the care system has been the main one. On the other hand, some of the solutions adopted, such as remote work or certain flexibility tools in the development of productive activity, would require a consensual structural arrangement capable of projecting them into the future.

The labor market in Spain, 2002–2018

Spain, the fourth largest eurozone economy, was hit particularly hard by the Great Recession, which made its chronic labor market problems more evident. Youth and long-term unemployment escalated during the crisis and, despite the ongoing recovery, in 2018 were still at very high levels. The aggregate rate of temporary employment declined during the recession, but grew among youth. Most interesting have been the narrowing of the gender gap in labor force participation, the decline in the share of immigrants in employment and the labor force, and the overall increase in wage inequality.

Evolución del paro, demanda de empleo y contratación de periodistas en España. Radiografía de la post-crisis (2018-2019)

La crise économique a affecté le journalisme avec une augmentation du chômage et une détérioration des conditions de travail, en particulier pendant la période 2008-2012. Nous n’avons trouvé aucune étude reposant sur des données actualisées permettant de comprendre la situation réelle du secteur. Cette recherche fournit de ce fait une radiographie détaillée du marché du travail du journaliste en Espagne, fondée sur l’analyse de l’évolution du nombre des chômeurs et demandeurs d’emploi, ainsi que de l’embauche des journalistes d’avril 2018 à mai 2019, classés par sexe et par âge. À travers une étude descriptive transversale, avec réinterprétation statistique des bases de données du service public pour l’emploi (Servicio Público de Empleo Estatal), on signale les domaines où l’on connaît le plus d’embauches et les régions à forte demande. Des symptômes de reprise ont également été repérés, avec des baisses du chômage et une augmentation de l’embauche. Toutefois on observe davantage de contrats précaires et de chômage chez les femmes que chez les hommes. La courbe annuelle du chômage est en baisse chez les jeunes et les femmes, pratiquement stable sur la longue durée et légèrement en hausse pour les étrangers, les plus de 45 ans et les handicapés.

Migration of Latin American nurses to Spain 2006-2016: a case study.

AimTo examine the migration of nurses from Latin America to Spain over the period from 2006 to 2016.BackgroundThis study examines the impact of the 2008 global economic crisis on migration flows of nurses to Spain from its major source countries of Latin America.MethodsUsing an exploratory case study, we present original data provided by the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport of the Government of Spain upon request on applications and success rates for credential recognition of nurses intending to immigrate to Spain, with an extended analysis of Latin American applications which account for the 70% of skilled worker migration to Spain.ResultsSuccessful applications for credential recognition of overseas nursing qualifications plummeted from a peak of 1384 in 2007 to 55 in 2016. Migration intentionality also decreased but has undergone a slight increase in recent years.Discussion/ConclusionWe found that the economic crisis effectively closed the door to internationally educated nurses to work as nurses in Spain. Moreover, the denial of official recognition of nursing credentials appears to be unaffected by the existence of bilateral trade and mobility agreements between Spain and source countries. We conclude that the level of nursing migration to Spain is a sensitive indicator of domestic labour market conditions.Implications for health policyDespite the lack of any transparent policy on the credential approvals, in practice the government is limiting access to the nursing labour market by overseas education nurses. We urge that attention be paid by health human resource planners on the intersection between labour market and migration trends to support a transparent and data‐informed discussion by all stakeholders on the current state of the nursing labour market in Spain and its future needs.

The stigma of a criminal record in the labour market in Spain: An experimental study

The aim of this research is to determine whether the stigma of a criminal record should be considered in understanding the precarious conditions of individuals with convictions in the Spanish labour market. Previous studies have been unable to separate this effect from other explanations such as low levels of education or the breakdown of networks resulting from the conviction. Following Pager (2007), this study adopts the experimental methodology of the audit tests, in which matched fictitious curricula vitae, differing only in the mention of a conviction, are sent to real job offers, to verify whether there is a difference in the number of responses to each CV. The results show that skilled former offenders are discriminated in the Spanish labour market as a result of the stigma of a criminal record.

Expansión de la temporalidad y erosión de la relación de empleo estándar en España: ¿La irrupción de un nuevo paradigma de relación de empleo?

Desde la década de los ochenta el mercado de trabajo español ha venido caracterizado por la persistencia de unas tasas muy altas de temporalidad hasta convertirse este en un problema crónico de la sociedad española, que, además, no ha tenido -en cuanto a magnitud- parangón en el resto de países de la UE. Las diferentes fórmulas de contratación temporal creadas e incentivadas por la vía normativa en un proceso de “reforma laboral permanente” se han convertido, en conjunción con otros factores entre los que destaca la utilización empresarial de los contratos temporales en el límite de la legislación, cuando no en claro fraude de ley, en una efectiva vía para la segmentación laboral y una clara degradación de la calidad del empleo en nuestro país. El cambio del marco regulatorio se convierte así en un vector fundamental de la erosión de la “relación de empleo estándar” y en el vaciamiento de los contenidos de la fórmula “contrato de trabajo indefinido”. El análisis conjunto de este cambio de marco regulatorio y de la evolución del mercado de trabajo en España permite vislumbrar si estamos ante un cambio de paradigma respecto a la relación de empleo dominante en esta fase del capitalismo y si nuestro país se sitúa en la avanzadilla o vanguardia de esta transformación

The labor market in Spain, 2002–2016

Spain, the fourth largest eurozone economy, was hit particularly hard by the Great Recession, which made its chronic labor market problems more evident. Youth and long-term unemployment escalated during the crisis and, despite the ongoing recovery, in 2016 were still at unsustainably high levels. The aggregate rate of temporary employment declined during the recession, but grew among youth. Most interesting have been the narrowing of the gender gap in labor force participation, the decline in the share of immigrants in employment and the labor force, and the overall increase in wage inequality.

Crisis, precariedad y desigualdad de género en España y en Italia

La crisis de 2008 ha precarizado el mercado laboral de España e Italia, mediante medidas de flexibilización así como reduciendo las políticas de cuidado y ayudas familiares. El objetivo del presente artículo se centra en comparar a las mujeres italianas y españolas desde la perspectiva de la precariedad y la desigualdad, mediante la utilización de datos secundarios obtenidos de fuentes oficiales europeas y estatales. Los resultados manifiestan diferencias entre las mujeres españolas y las italianas basadas por una parte, en la estructura económica y laboral existente en cada uno de los estados y por otra, en la mayor o menor presencia de las relaciones de género tradicionales.

Crisis económica y condiciones de empleo: diferencias de género y respuesta de las políticas sociales de empleo. Informe SESPAS 2014

The economic crisis has had an impact across the European Union (EU), but has had a devastating impact on the labor market in Spain, which has become the country within the EU-15 with the worst employment indicators. The situation is worse in younger people, half of whom were unemployed in 2012, with a slightly higher rate in men (54.4%) than in women (51.8%). This high unemployment rate will be even more difficult to redress because of the decrease in public spending on active employment per percentage point of unemployment in 2012 compared with 2007. Furthermore, the decrease in spending on passive employment policies will worsen the health of the unemployed population.

Crisis and Labour Market in Spain

This article examines the employment policies implemented in Spain since the onset of the crisis and highlights the consequences of the major legal changes that have been passed. Preceded by an overview on the strong and weak points of the Spanish labour market before the onset of the crisis, the first part of the analysis focuses on the labour reform implemented by the socialist government before 2012, marked by a deteriorating economic and social context with mounting unemployment and by a limited shift towards deregulation. Then the article offers some critical thinking on the new policy stage opened in Spain after the right-wing party gained an overwhelming majority in Parliament in November 2011, arguing that the magnitude of the legal changes introduced in 2012 is such that we might speak of a new Spanish model of industrial relations, a model of “flexinsecurity”. This section outlines how the reform (labour “disruption”) breaks the traditional balance between employers and employees, examining the following issues: the new forms of instability in hiring; how employers are allowed to impose internal flexibility on workers; the new and devalued collective bargaining system; and the easier and cheaper regime of dismissal. Finally, the article analyses the legal measures implemented in 2013 to complete that major reform.

Українські мігранти в Іспанії: оселення чи повернення?

The article examines the driving force and the effects of staying of Ukrainian immigrants in Spain. Do they intend to return to Ukraine? And whether planning to build their lives in Spain? Through the prism of such factors as employment in the labor market in Spain, the presence/absence of a family in a new country, the situation in Ukraine, and access to various social services offered by the country of immigration, is shown Ukrainian migrant future choice.