Labor Absorption Research Articles

The Influence of the Gross Regional Domestic Product of the Trade and Manufacturing Industry and Services Sector on the Amount of Labor Absorption in the City of Samarinda and the City of Balikpapan

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the Gross Regional Domestic Product of the Trade and Processing Industry Sectors and Services on the Amount of Labor Absorption in Samarinda City and Balikpapan City. This study uses panel data from 2013 – 2022 in the two cities of Samarinda and Balikapapan using secondary data. Data analysis used a dummy variable multiple linear regression model using SPSS (Statistical Program Social Science) version 23. The results of this study indicate that the GRDP variables in the trade, manufacturing and service sectors together have a significant effect on the amount of labor absorption. The Trade Sector Variable partially has a significant positive effect on Total Labor Absorption. The Processing Industry Sector Variable partially has no significant effect on Total Labor Absorption. And the Service Sector Variable partially has a significant negative effect on Total Labor Absorption.

Determining Long-Term Probabilities for Labor Absorption from the Realization of Domestic Investment (PMDN) and Foreign Investment (PMA) in Indonesia Using Markov Chain Analysis

The government through President Joko Widodo in a press conference stated that the Job Creation Law is very urgent to be passed immediately, even though it has received a lot of resistance in society. The government stated that the bureaucracy in investing in Indonesia is still convoluted, so the possibility of a decrease in employment in the future is very high. However, this was denied by Faisal Basri. This reason is not in accordance with the current state of investment, he concluded. Realization of Domestic Investment (PMDN) and Foreign Investment (PMA) in Indonesia tends to always increase every year, so it is not the investment bureaucracy that is the cause of decreased employment. Abdul Malik said that, the reason for the decrease in absorption labor is the lack of competitiveness of the local workforce and the government's lack of selectiveness in choosing investments that enter Indonesia. This study aims to provide consideration for the government, in the form of long-term employment probabilities from the realization of PMDN and PMA in Indonesia which are calculated using Markov chain analysis. The calculation results obtained are that the long-term probability of increasing the amount of labor absorption from the realization of PMDN and PMA is 0.56 or 56%, while the long-term probability of decreasing is 0.44 or 44%. Then, in specific intervals, the possibility of an increase in the workforce of at most 93 thousand people is very high, namely 0.42 or 42%. This value is greater than the possibility of a decrease in the workforce of at most 93 thousand people, namely 0.27 or 27%. This value is contrary to the government's assumption which states that the possibility of a decrease in labor absorption is very high. Therefore, the results of this research can be used as one of the considerations for the government to rethink the urgency of issuing the Job Creation Law.

Formal-Informal Employment and Poverty Dynamics: A Case Study of Mentawai Islands Regency, 2019-2021

Mentawai Islands Regency is part of the frontier, remote, and underdeveloped regions in West Sumatera. Participation in the labor force is often considered a key to ensuring a good income and resources, which can help people escape or avoid poverty. The absorption of labor shown by the Labor Force Participation Rate (LFPR) in this regency shows the highest value within West Sumatera i.e 82,57% in 2021. However, its poverty rate was 14,84%, whereas West Sumatera’s rate was only 6,63%. This study aimed to analyze the dynamics of poverty and employment in Mentawai Islands Regency using secondary data from BPS Indonesia with descriptive and comparative approaches. The results show that 79,4% of the working population and 67.8% of the poor are involved in the informal sector. The high proportion of the poor workers in the informal sector can be influenced by numerous variables, including the lack of education. Even though the sector utilizes many workers, informal workers’ average monthly net income in Mentawai Islands Regency is among the lowest in West Sumatera. Therefore, despite the high number of LFPRs, not all forms of work are equally sufficient to avoid poverty, and employment does not guarantee a way out of poverty.

DETERMINAN PENYERAPAN TENAGA KERJA DI JAWA TIMUR TAHUN 2017-2021

Absorption of labor is one of the factors that can affect economic growth because high absorption of labor indicates a decrease in the existing unemployment rate and reduces the risk of poverty. This study pays attention to the effect of regional gross domestic product, human development index, district minimum wage, and population on employment in East Java during the 2017-2021 period by using a regression analysis panel data. Based on research, it shows that the human development index variable has a positive and significant influence on employment. Meanwhile, the GRDP, UMK, and POP variables do not have a significant effect on employment

Investment, Islamic Human Development Index and Banking Financing on Economic Growth and Their Impact on Labor Absorption

The purpose of the study was to analyze the effect of investment, the Islamic Human Development Index and banking financing on the economic growth of the districts/cities of North Sumatra province and to analyze the effect of economic growth in mediating the effect of investment, the Islamic Human Development Index and banking financing for employment in the districts/cities of North Sumatra province. The use of the path analysis method with economic growth as the intervening variable results that in total the indirect effect of investment, banking financing and the Islamic Human Development Index through the intervening variable of economic growth on the Open Unemployment Rate is significant, which means that Economic Growth is able to mediate the effect of Investment, Banking Financing and Islamic Human Development Index on the Open Unemployment Rate in Regencies/Cities of North Sumatra Province during 2015-2019. The amount of direct influence between all variables used, namely, Economic Growth to the Open Unemployment Rate is 90 percent, where the magnitude of the direct influence between all the variables used, namely; Investment, Banking Financing and Islamic Human Development Index on Economic Growth is 95.96 percent. Economic growth as an intervening variable is able to mediate the effect of Investment, Banking Financing and the Islamic Human Development Index (IHDI) on the Open Unemployment Rate and Wage Workers, Banking and Islamic Human Development Index on Workers' Wages, Banking and Islamic Human Development Index on Workers' Wages. The influence of economic growth on the open unemployment rate is positive and significant and the influence of economic growth on workers' wages is negative and significant. The direct influence of economic growth on workers' wages is 89.87 percent.

TANTANGAN E-COMMERCE DALAM TRANSFORMASI DIGITAL PADA UMKM DI INDONESIA

E-commerce transactions accounted for 8% of total retail sales in Indonesia in 2018 and are expected to increase to 18% by 2023, according to research conducted by Morgan Stanley, an American multinational investment bank. This is due to the changing behavior of customers, who are more prepared to pay more for greater convenience. This research is a literature review and the result of the researcher's thinking. The type of data used is secondary data with a qualitative approach. Broad market share, easier transactions, increased production, simpler payments, and more varied promotions are some of the benefits of digitalization for Indonesia's economic growth. Negative sides include the possibility of fraud and plagiarism, as well as a lack of labor absorption. In addition, the financial sector, agriculture, culture, tourism, and the creative economy are areas that can thrive in the digitalization era.

Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Upah Minimum Dan Tingkat Pendidikan Terhadap Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja Di Provinsi Bali

Absorption of labor in the Province of Bali has become a problem in recent years. The unemployment rate in Bali continues to increase, and the number of people working in the informal sector continues to grow. Several factors cause the problem of labor absorption in Bali, one of the factors is the decline in the tourism industry. The purpose of this research to analyze how 1) the simultaneous effect of economic growth, minimum wage and level of education on labor absorption in the province of Bali; 2) the partial effect of economic growth, minimum wage and education level on labor absorption in Bali Province.This research used a quantitative approach. This type of data uses secondary data for the period 2017 – 2022 which was collected through the non-participant observation method. The research location is in the province of Bali which includes 9 regencies and cities. Data analysis techniques include descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS 25 software. The results show that: 1) economic growth, minimum wages and education level have a significant effect simultaneously on labor absorption in Bali Province; 2) economic growth and minimum wages have no partial effect on labor absorption, but the level of education has a significant effect on labor absorption. Based on the research results, it is expected that the government needs to increase the economic growth in the Province of Bali. This can be solved by developing the non-tourism sector, promoting investment, and empowering the small and medium enterprise sector.

Economic Growth on Labor Absorption: District/City Panel Data Analysis in Lampung Province

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to present the results of an analysis of economic growth on employment in Lampung Province. Analysis to look for patterns of relationships, underlying causes, and policies that can be taken to deal with employment problems in Lampung Province. Because, the development process is based on equal distribution of employment opportunities. Balanced employment opportunities are an important factor in the success of economic growth. In essence, if you want to experience good economic growth, it is expected to be able to open many jobs. Theoretical framework: Recent literature has reported econometric analysis using the least squares regression equation model that the R2 regression number of 0.991 indicates a fairly strong influence. The economic growth of a region has an impact on employment. This research is Labor Intensive in nature as evidenced by the results of the research which reveal that to be able to see an area that is developing economically can be seen through the absorption of the workforce that is carried out. In line with Meyer's (2017) statement that scarce job opportunities lead to high levels of poverty and inequality. Design/Methodology/Approach: To obtain a clearer picture of the patterns and effects of the relationship between economic growth and labor absorption that occurs in the districts studied, an analysis is divided into 2 stages, namely: 1) Descriptive Analysis, and 2) Econometric Analysis. Descriptive analysis is done by presenting data in tables and graphs. Descriptive analysis is used to answer research objective number 1. The econometric analysis was carried out using panel data which was used to determine the effect of economic growth and several other variables on labor absorption in Lampung Province. Findings: Results of this research of calculations and discussion, can be said that employment in PT Lampung Province is influenced by PDRB (Economic Growth), Total Population, High School Graduates, and Regional Minimum Wages. GDP has in relation to the total employed persons. The total population has a positive relationship with the number of working populations. The number of people who graduate from high school has a positive relationship with the total working population. Regional minimum wages have a positive impact on the number of people employed. Research, practical & social implications: I suggest that further research does not only focus on presenting the results of an analysis of economic growth on employment. Because many factors are deemed necessary to collaborate to find out what can support economic growth. Originality/Value: The finding that there is a positive relationship between the number of individual high school graduates who have jobs. The regional minimum wage has a positive relationship with the number of working people. The R2 value of 0.991 indicates that there is a fairly strong influence between the independent variables on the dependent variable, namely the number of working population of 99.1 percent, while the remaining 0.10 percent is explained by other factors not involved in the model.

COMPLEX CHALLENGES IN HANDLING REFUGEES IN INDONESIA: THE DILEMMA OF RATIFYING THE 1951 REFUGEE CONVENTION

<p class="Default">This article is a conceptual article created with the aim of analyzing the problems faced by the Indonesian government concerning refugees and identifying challenges in implementing the 1951 Refugee Convention and its 1967 Protocol. The results of the discussion indicate that addressing the refugee issue in Indonesia is highly complex. Although ratifying the 1951 Refugee Convention and its Protocol can substantially protect the human rights of refugees, its implementation in Indonesia faces various challenges caused by several factors, such as the high population density in Indonesia and the absence of laws governing local integrity, leading to difficulties in granting equal rights between refugees and Indonesian natives. Refugees must meet specific requirements according to the Republic of Indonesia Law No. 12 of 2016 on citizenship to have the same rights as Indonesian citizens. Additionally, from an economic perspective, refugee migration impacts Indonesia's financial budget. The aspects of security and social culture are essential considerations, as an increasing number of refugees may cause conflicts with the indigenous population and threaten Indonesia's cultural identity. Although the 1951 Refugee Convention provides standard rights for refugees, the Indonesian government finds it challenging to ratify it due to various obstacles, such as religious differences, marriage laws, labor absorption, and budget limitations. Therefore, the Indonesian government needs to carefully consider before ratifying the 1951 Refugee Convention. Thus, in addressing this complex situation, choosing to act as a transit country and providing protection within its capacity is a wise step in facing this refugee issue.</p>

Intellectual Property Rights Education as a General Compulsory Subject in Higher Education

In several developed countries such as the United States of America (USA), Japan, and the United Kingdom, Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) education has an important role in empowering IPR. The existence of HKI education also increases the growth of the creative economy. Therefore, the creative economy sector is growing rapidly and contributing significantly to Gross Domestic Product (GDP), labor absorption, and exports. However, it is different from the people in Indonesia who still lack understanding and awareness of IPR. On the one hand, IPR has moral and economic values that must be protected. This paper aims to examine the urgency of HKI as a compulsory subject in universities in Indonesia This type of research is legal research using a comparative approach. The data collection technique was carried out by means of a literature study. Data analysis techniques were carried out using normative juridical methods. The results of the study stated that HKI has an urgency as a compulsory subject in tertiary institutions due to several things, first, innovations and research results produced in tertiary institutions are HKI objects that must be protected. In addition to encouraging innovation, this is intended so that inventors and creators can have moral and economic values for their findings. Second, the prevalence of IPR violations in tertiary institutions is an indication of the importance of IPR Education as a general compulsory subject. Third, downstream research results. The main asset in downstream research results is intellectual property owned by creators and inventors. The results of higher education research are the values of originality, innovation, and uniqueness that require the protection of intellectual property. IPR education can be a medium to increase awareness of legal protection for a research result produced by academics.

Pengaruh Upah Minimum, Tingkat Pendidikan, Inflasi Dan Covid-19 Terhadap Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja Kabupaten/Kota Provinsi Bali

Absorption of labor is one of the important factors in overcoming the problem of unemployment and to support economic development that is being carried out by developing countries in order to create equitable economic development. The research locations are in the districts/cities of Bali Province with secondary data obtained from the publications of the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS). The number of observations in this study were 108 observations with a period of 12 years and involved 9 regencies/cities of Bali Province using the observation method, as well as using descriptive analysis techniques and panel data regression analysis. The results of the panel data regression test show that the most appropriate chosen model is the random effect model (REM). The results of the study found that the minimum wage, level of education, inflation and Covid-19 have a simultaneous effect on employment in districts/cities of Bali Province. Partially the minimum wage variable has a positive and significant effect on employment absorption in districts/cities of Bali Province. The level of education and inflation have no positive and insignificant effect, and Covid-19 has a significant effect on employment in districts/cities of Bali Province.

THE INFLUENCE OF LABOR ABSORPTION PROBLEMS ON THE UNEMPLOYMENT RATE IN NORTH SUMATRA PROVINCE IN AN ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE

This study aims to analyze the influence of labor absorption issues on the unemployment rate in North Sumatra Province from an Islamic perspective. The research method used is quantitative, utilizing secondary data from the Central Statistics Agency of North Sumatra Province and relevant literature. The variables analyzed include Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), population size, provincial minimum wage, education level, and labor absorption. The research findings indicate that GRDP is not intervened by labor absorption concerning unemployment. The population size indirectly influences unemployment, with labor absorption as an intervening variable. Provincial minimum wage and education level directly affect unemployment without being intervened by labor absorption. From an Islamic perspective, balancing these labor factors to reduce unemployment and achieve socio-economic justice in North Sumatra Province is important. These conclusions have several important implications. First, there needs to be attention given to regional economic growth to impact labor absorption positively. Second, wise population management is crucial to optimize job availability. Third, provincial minimum wage and education level play a significant role in reducing unemployment. Fourth, applying Islamic values in managing labor, including ethical and just aspects, is important. These implications are expected to provide guidance and recommendations for the government and stakeholders in addressing unemployment issues in North Sumatra Province.

ANALISIS PENYERAPAN TENAGA KERJA PADA SEKTOR PERTANIAN DI KABUPATEN LAMONGAN

The amount of labor employed in an economic sector is known as labor absorption. The ability of a region to absorb labor is very important for the success of regional development strategies. So the purpose of this study is to determine and analyze whether there is an effect of agricultural sector GRDP, agricultural land area, real wages of farm laborers, and farmer exchange rates on labor absorption in the agricultural sector in Lamongan Regency using the 2007-2021 time period. The data used is secondary data in the form of time series (annual) obtained from the publication of BPS Lamongan Regency and East Java Province. The analysis method used is multiple linear regression with the help of the SPSS data processing computer program. The results found that agricultural sector GRDP, agricultural land area, real wages of farm laborers, and farmer exchange rate together have a positive influence on employment. Variables of agricultural GDP and real wages of farm laborers have a negative influence on employment in the agricultural sector. Meanwhile, agricultural land area and farmer exchange rate have no effect on the absorption of agricultural sector labor in Lamongan Regency.

The Dynamics Of Labor Absorption Of PT. Semen Imasco Asiatic Puger Jember Regency

This study aims to analyze the absorption of labor at PT. Semen Imasco Asiatic Puger Jember Regency. Manpower development must be regulated so that fundamental rights and protections for workers are fulfilled and, simultaneously, can create conditions conducive to investment development. The method used in this study is a qualitative research method with phenomenological analysis, where this research can emphasize more on observing phenomena and examining the substance of the meaning of the phenomenon. Supported by descriptive analysis that can help in describing, demonstrating, or helping to summarize data points so that patterns can develop that meet all data conditions. The results of this study still have problems that occur in the absorption of labor at PT. Semen Imasco Asiatic Puger, there is still a lack of compliance with labor regulations and foreign investment in force in Indonesia

ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH AND EMPLOYMENT IN CENTRAL JAVA PROVINCE PERIODE 2019-2022

Looking at the current conditions in Central Java, both in the form of potential and opportunities that can be created, especially at the district/city level in the ability to absorb labor. The author of this study aims to determine the potential for labor absorption at the district/city level in Central Java Province and the relationship between economic growth and absorption of labor in Central Java Province. This study examines the impact of Gross Regional Domestic Product and District/City Minimum Wage on Indonesia's Total Labour Force from 2019 to 2022. This study utilizes the effects of Gross Regional Domestic Product and District/City Minimum Wage as independent variables. At the same time, the dependent variable is the Total Labor Force. The data analysis method uses descriptive quantitative with 35 sample observations. The Gross Regional Domestic Product outcomes have a negative and insignificant effect, and the District / City Minimum Wage results also have a negative and little impact

Does Economic Growth, Wage Rate, and Industrial Development Matter for Labor Absorption?

The dimensions of employment problems are not just limited field or job opportunities and low productivity but are much more serious with different causes. This study aims to determine the effect of the rate of economic growth, economic growth, minimum wages, and the number of industrial units on employment in South Sumatra Province. The data analysis method used in this study is a quantitative analysis method using panel data regression and usage. This research covers a broad scope, namely as many as 17 districts/cities in South Sumatra for 6 years (2014-2019). Based on the results of the analysis and discussion that has been carried out, it can be concluded that the districts/cities in South Sumatra Province in 2016-2019 had the highest employment by looking at the Random Effect Model (REM) labor estimation coefficient which shows that the highest employment is in Palembang City at 75,452,015. Meanwhile, the lowest value is in the Ogan Ilir district at 68,194,663.

Sustainability Status of Pond Aquaculture in Tambakbulusan Village on Social or Cultural Dimension and Legal or Institutional Dimension

Sustainability in the management of aquaculture activities is very important because it will make the welfare of the stakeholders. The research objectives initiated in the context of this discussion include several things, 1) Analyzing the status or index of sustainability that extends to other dimensions including social or cultural, and legal in relation to aquaculture ponds in Tambakbulusan Village Karangtengah District Demak Regency, 2) Knowing what are the sensitive attributes (levers) that affect the sustainability of aquaculture in Tambakbulusan village. The benefits of research is expected to provide benefits to the provision of comprehensive information, especially for stakeholders will describe the status of the sustainability of aquaculture ponds Tambakbulusan village. The implementation time of the research is detailed in March to April 2023 with the chosen setting is Tambakbulusan Village, Karangtengah District, Demak Regency. The determination of methods related to data analysis is with quantitative methods assisted by qualitative data results. The data obtained came from primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected from direct observations and interviews in the field with 47 (forty-seven) respondents. The analysis used is Multidimensional Scalling Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries (MDS-RAPFISH) to analyze several aspects or dimensions of sustainability. The results of the sustainability analysis obtained are in the social or cultural dimension of 61.441 including also quite sustainable and in the legal or institutional dimension of 42.909 including less sustainable. Sensitive attributes in the social or cultural dimension are the attributes of participation in development forums, labor absorption, and family participation in aquaculture, and in the legal or institutional dimension, sensitive attributes are known to include the attributes of the intensity of law violations in relation to aquaculture, the existence of financial institutions, the availability of cultivator groups, and the existence of customary or religious law instruments.

Analisis Pengaruh Indeks Pembangunan Manusia, Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi terhadap Tingkat Kemiskinan di Jawa Timur

Develop is one of the ways to achieve change where change itself is a better change in order to achieve a goal, namely to create an Indonesian society that is just, competitive, advanced and prosperous within the framework of the Indonesian State. This study uses quantitative secondarry data using tiime series dataa for a periiod of 10 years. The sources used are the Human Development Index, Labor Absorption and Economiic Growth in East Java Province for the 2007-2021 period and data analysis test techniques using SPSS. the results of human development had a significant effect on the poverty rate with a significant value and employment absorption had a siignificant effect on the human level with a significant value. Meanwhile, economic growth has insiignificant effect on the poverty rate with a signiificance value

Manufacturing tariff liberalisation and the sectoral reallocation of employment in local labour markets: evidence from South Africa

This paper examines the impact of trade liberalisation on the sectoral reallocation of workers, particularly from manufacturing to services. It empirically assesses this relationship using local labour market level data for South Africa, a country that experienced significant reductions in manufacturing tariff protection and declining shares of manufacturing in employment from 1996 to 2011. The empirical analysis draws on population census data covering 234 municipalities fors 1996, 2001 and 2011. Contrary to expectations, employment in both the services and manufacturing sectors grew more slowly in municipalities where manufacturing workers faced large reductions in tariffs. We demonstrate that the relative decline in services employment was, in part, driven by negative spillover effects arising from lower derived demand for services inputs, income and infrastructure investment linked to the weaker growth in manufacturing from tariff reductions. These spillover effects diminished the absorption of labour by the services sector and contributed towards declining participation in the labour force in municipalities where manufacturing workers were exposed to large reductions in tariff protection relative to other municipalities. Tariff reductions have a stronger effect on the employment of women in manufacturing, while the adverse spillover effects on service employment are stronger for men.

Ultra Micro Financing (UMi) and Trade Labor: Impacts on GRDP in the Large Trade and Retail Business Field of Bangka Belitung Islands Province (2017-2022)

Ultra Micro Financing (UMi) aims to provide fast and accessible financing for ultra-micro businesses, fostering government-financed entrepreneurs. UMi Financing’s dominance can influence labor absorption and Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) in the Large Trade and Retail Business Field. This research analyzes the impact of UMi Financing and Trade Labor Absorption on Trade GRDP in Bangka Belitung Islands Province during 2017-2022. Path analysis measures the direct and indirect effects of UMi Financing on Trade GRDP. The findings reveal that UMi financing affects trade and GRDP in Bangka Belitung Islands Province. However, UMi Financing does not directly influence Trade GRDP when mediated by labor. Moreover, UMi Financing and Trade Labor do not significantly impact the GDP of Large Trade and Retail. Limited labor absorption in the trade sector may be attributed to the relatively small capital or financing provided by UMi. Additionally, the absorption of labor in the trade sector does not significantly affect Trade GRDP in the province, as the gross value added in the Large Trade and Retail sectors is influenced by people’s purchasing power, which is still highly dependent on commodity price fluctuations. To bolster GDP growth in the large trade and retail sectors, the government can encourage the distribution of UMi Financing. UMi Financing Distributors should intensify assistance to scale up debtor’s businesses. Diversifying UMi distribution to sectors beyond wholesale and retail trade can also be explored.