Lablab Research Articles

Influence of inorganic fertilizer, organic manure and biofertilizers on nutrient content and uptake of Indian bean (Dolichos lablab L.)

A field experiment was carried out at College Farm, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari on clayey soils during rabi season of 2017-18 to study the influence of inorganic fertilizer, organic manure and biofertilizers on nutrient content and uptake of Indian Bean (Dolichos lablab L.). Recommended dose of fertilizer recorded significantly the highest content and uptake of N and P. Application of biocompost @ 2.5 t/ha recorded significantly the highest nutrient content and uptake of rabi Indian Bean. Similar trend also recorded in case of available nutrient in soil after harvest. Most of the nutrient content, uptake and available nutrient in soil after harvest of Indian bean recorded significantly the highest under seed inoculation with Rhizobium + PSB over no seed inoculation.

Seleção de espécies tolerantes para a fitorremediação de solo contaminado com imazapic

O imazapic por apresentar longo efeito residual no solo pode ocasionar intoxicação visual em culturas sensíveis semeadas em rotação, além de representar riscos ecotoxicológicos em ambientes aquáticos. Diante disso, a fitorremediação é uma proposta inovadora como método alternativo para a remoção de poluentes orgânicos, sendo o sucesso da técnica dependente da seleção criteriosa de plantas com características favoráveis. O objetivo do estudo foi de identificar espécies de plantas tolerantes ao imazapic para potencial uso em programas de fitorremediação. Foram conduzidos oito experimentos em casa de vegetação climatizada com as espécies, Panicum maximum, Crotalaria juncea, Stylosanthes spp., Cajanus cajan, Dolichos lablab, Pennisetum glaucum, Mucuna aterrima, Raphanus sativus e cinco doses de imazapic (0; 58,33; 87,5; 175 e 350 g ha-1). Os tratamentos foram delineados em blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Aos 30 e 60 dias após a emergência das plantas foram avaliados os sintomas de intoxicação visual, altura e a massa seca das plantas, determinada ao término do experimento. As espécies M. aterrima, C. cajan e D. lablab não apresentaram sintomas visuais de fitointoxicação. M. aterrima foi a que promoveu maior produção de massa seca quando cultivada como testemunha e a exposição ao imazapic pouco afetou essa característica. Nas espécies tolerantes, a redução da altura e massa seca exigiu doses maiores, embora os resultados não tenham sido significativos para D. lablab e C. cajan. Entre essas espécies, M. aterrima se destacou pela alta produção de biomassa, sendo promissora na fitorremediação de sítios com resíduos do imazapic.

English

The effects of cassava/legume intercrop-rice relay and weed management practices on weed infestation, growth and yield of rice were investigated at Badeggi, Southern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria in 2011 to 2013 cropping seasons. The treatments consisted of factorial combination of cassava (IIT 427) intercrop with: Mucuna or Velvet bean [Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC.], Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.], Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], Hyacinth bean [Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet.] and Porcupine Jointvetch (Aeschynomene histrix Poir.) and weed management practices: (i) application of propanil at 1.44 kg a.i ha-1 plus 2,4-D at 0.80 kg a.i ha-1 (Orizo Plus®) at the rate of 2.24 kg a.i ha-1 at three weeks after transplanting (WAT) rice followed by hoeing at 6 WAT, (ii) two hoeing at 3 and 6 WAT, (iii) one hoeing at 3 WAT, and (iv) weedy check with sole cassava and natural fallow as control laid in a split plot arranged in a randomized complete block with three replications. Across cassava/legumes intercrops, cassava/mucuna had lower weed density and dry matter, cassava/Aeschynomene and cassava/cowpea produced comparable taller rice plants, more rice panicles and paddy yield, and cassava/Aeschynomene produced greater number of rice tillers. Irrespective of the weed management practices, two hoeing at 3 and 6 WAT gave better weed control, taller rice plants, greater number of tillers and panicles, and higher paddy yield comparable to application of Orizo Plus® at 3 WAT followed by one hoeing at 6 WAT. This study suggests that sustainable weed control with Mucuna intercrop and rice productivity with Aeschynomene and cowpea intercrops can be achieved with two hoeing at 3 and 6 WAT or application of Orizo Plus® at 3 WAT followed by hoeing at 6 WAT in this agro-ecology of Nigeria. Key words: Intercrops, legumes, Oryza sativa L., paddy yield, weed suppression. &nbsp

Effect of methanolic plant extract on copper electro-polishing in ortho-phosphoric acid

The behavior of copper electro-polishing in ortho-phosphoric acid using the galvanostatic polarization method was ascertained. This was examined via measuring and comparing anode potential –limiting current relationship in solution of regularly mounting concentrations (from 50 to 1800 ppm of methanolic Allium sativum (garlic extract), Tilia cordata (Tilia leafs), Foeniculum vulgare (fennel seeds), and Lablab purpureus (Dolichos lablab extract) and weight loss method. Influence of temperature on the dissolution kinetics were investigated. First order kinetic is applicable to the copper dissolution in solution containing plant extracts. Surface morphologies, brightness and roughness of polished specimens were examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), reflectance and atomic force microscope (AFM). Addition of methanolic plant extract to electro-polishing solution produce a lesser limiting current. According to SEM, UV–VIS-NIR spectra and surface roughness measurements, addition of high concentration (1800 ppm) of methanolic plant extract to the electrolytic solution is highly effective to enhance surface quality. High reflection property is obtained when the different type of methanolic plant extract is added to the electro-polishing electrolyte. The minimum Ra and PV values are achieved by garlic extract, which records the highest reflectance value and inhibition efficiency. Weight loss data obtained is excellent conformity with the result obtained by electrochemical measurements.

Aphid population abundance and pestiferous effect on various bean plant species

AbstractThe population abundance, infestation, and harmful effects of the aphid Aphis craccivora Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae) were studied on four bean plant species, namely the country bean (Lablab purpureus var. BARI Seem 1), the yard‐long bean (Vigna sesquipedalis var. BARI Borboti 1), the hyacinth bean (Dolichos lablab var. BARI Seem 6), and the bush bean (Phaseolus vulgaris var. BARI Jar Seem 3). Aphid abundance and infestation on the leaves, inflorescences, flowers, and pods differed significantly among the bean plant species, with P. vulgaris and V. sesquipedalis having the lowest and highest results, respectively. Aphid severity grade and the number of trichomes of the bean plant species were negatively correlated. The duration of the growth stages among the bean plant species were significantly different, with V. sesquipedalis having the shortest durations. Aphid abundance and infestation significantly affected the physical and phytochemical characteristics of the bean plant species. The highest reduction of number of leaves, flower inflorescences, and pod inflorescences per plant, and moisture and chlorophyll content in the leaves was found in L. purpureus. The results for V. sesquipedalis revealed the highest reduction in plant height, seed weight, and pH, while those of D. lablab showed the highest reduction in leaf area.

Determination of pre-harvest interval for dimethoate and quinalphos in selected vegetables

The study was undertaken to determine the pre-harvest interval (PHI) for dimethoate and quinalphos in cauliflower, eggplant and hyacinth bean depending on Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) set by European Union. Six supervised field trials were conducted and sprayed with the recommended dose (2 ml/L of water) of each pesticide. Samples were collected at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 days after spray (DAS). The collected samples were analyzed using Gas Chromatography (GC) with Flame Thermionized Detector (FTD) for the determination of pesticide residue. The quantities of residue were above MRL up to 9 DAS for quinalphos in cauliflower, 7 DAS in hyacinth bean, 8 DAS in eggplant; 11 DAS for dimethoate in cauliflower, 10 DAS in hyacinth bean, and 9 DAS in eggplant. At 11 DAS, no residue was detected from any of the tested samples except dimethoate in cauliflower. The determined PHI for quinalphos was 10 DAS in cauliflower, 8 DAS in hyacinth bean and 9 DAS in eggplant. In case of dimethoate it was 12 DAS in cauliflower, 11 DAS in hyacinth bean and 10 DAS in eggplant.
 Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2020, 5 (1), 42-47

The utilization of flour made of the non-milled rice as analog rice ingredients

The continual increment of a population requires sufficient food, while agricultural land for rice cultivation keeps on declining. Therefore, the habit of consuming rice needs to be reduced. This study was aimed to get the best quality analog rice from non-milled rice based on the proportion of raw materials, time, and sensory. This study used the ingredients of cassava flour, sorghum, sweet potatoes, corn + lablab bean, and soybeans. Cooking oil, salt, glycerol monostearate, Na-alginate, and sodium three polyphosphates were used as additional ingredients and mixed in various formulation/ratios. These formula ingredients were extruded using KL Protecal Twin-screw to produce analog rice grains. A randomized block design was used in this study. The randomized block design was repeated three times. In order to determine the best treatment, this study employed the 5% LSD test. The results of this study showed that flour from cassava, sweet potato, sorghum, corn + lablab bean, and soybeans can be formulated as an analog rice ingredient. Cassava flour, sweet potato, sorghum, corn + lablab bean were used as the source of carbohydrates, and the soy flour was used as a source of protein. This study found that the best ratio would be 4.5: 4.5: 1 for cassava flour: 50% corn + 50% lablab bean flour: soy flour. The cooking process required 1.5 mL to 2 mL of water per gram of analog rice, and the cooking time would be 10-15 mins. The sensory values of color, taste, aroma, and texture were on the scale of average like to very like.

Modeling the Growth of Forage Legumes

Modeling the growth curve of agricultural crops is of paramount importance so that management tasks such as fertilization and irrigation can be carried out at the appropriate time, increasing the vegetal yield. With this purpose, nonlinear models are commonly employed. The objective of this work was to fit some of the main nonlinear models that best describe the growth curve of some of the main species of forage legumes, namely: Crotalaria juncea, Canavalia ensiformis, Cajanus cajan and Dolichos lablab L. A randomized block experiment was conducted in field conditions between November 2015 and February 2016 in southeastern Goiás, Brazil. The variables plant height, stem diameter, fresh and dry mass were measured after 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 days from sowing. The following models were fitted: Gompertz, Logistic, Brody and von Bertalanffy. The following goodness-of-fit criteria were calculated: R2 (normal and adjusted), AIC (Akaike Information Criterion) and absolute mean error. The growth curves of morphological variables are easier to model than the biomass curves. The von Bertalanffy and Gompertz models presented in general the best fit. The species C. juncea has an expressive biomass accumulation rate.

Effects of Xanthan Gum and Protein Isolates on the Functional Properties of Lablab Bean (Dolichos lablab) Seeds Starch

Effects of Xanthan Gum and Protein Isolates on the Functional Properties of Lablab Bean (Dolichos lablab) Seeds Starch

Efficacy of fungicides against seed mycoflora of Indian bean (Lablab purpureus L.) cultivars under in vitro condition

Efficacy of fungicides against seed mycoflora of Indian bean (Lablab purpureus L.) cultivars under in vitro condition

Evaluation of phytoextracts against seed mycoflora of Indian bean (Lablab purpureus L.) cultivars under in vitro condition

Evaluation of phytoextracts against seed mycoflora of Indian bean (Lablab purpureus L.) cultivars under in vitro condition

Detection of seed mycoflora associated with Indian bean cultivars

Seed mycoflora detected in agar plate method was Rhizopus stolonifer, Fusarium oxysporum, Curvularia lunata, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus,Alternaria alternata and Penicillium sp. in five different Indian bean cultivars. Overall 5.35 to 23.94 per cent seeds showed various seed mycoflora. Aspergillus niger developed maximum colonies and Penicillium sp. the least. Similarly seed mycoflora was detected in blotter paper method, 13.49 to 35.90 per cent seeds showed various seed mycoflora. Aspergillus niger developed maximum colonies and Rhizopus stolonifer the least. Per cent seed mycoflora was high in blotter paper mehod compared to agar plate method.

A novel species of Passalora (Mycosphaerellaceae) on Dolichos lablab from India

A new species of Passalora is proposed as a phytopathogenic on Dolichos lablab (Fabaceae) from Niwari region of Tikamgarh district of Madhya Pradesh, India. It is described, illustrated and compared with other Passalora species.

Study of genetic variability and heritability in Indian bean (Lablab purpureus L.)

The investigation was carried out at Vegetable Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat) during late Kharif 2017-18 in Randomized Block Design with three replications to assess genetic variability in Indian bean comprised of 36 genotypes and 4 check varieties. The analysis of variance revealed that the mean sum of squares due to genotypes were highly significant for all the twelve characters. High phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variations and high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean were observed for the number of primary branches per plant, the number of pods per plant, pod length, 10- green pod weight, green pod yield per plant and length of twig.

Cloning and characterization of Myo-inositol phosphate synthase gene (dlMIPS) and analysis of the putative structure of the enzyme responsible for the accumulation of anti-nutrient phytate in dolichos bean (Dolichos lablab L.)

The major storage form of phosphorus in mature cereal and legume seeds is phytic acid (myo-inositol-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate, InSP6) which binds metallic cations such as calcium, zinc, magnesium and iron to form a mixed salt called phytate. Thus, phytates act as anti-nutrients, rendering the minerals unavailable. Myo-inositol phosphate synthase (MIPS) is the major gene for phytate synthesis in legumes and it is characterized only in few major legumes such as soybean, green gram, black gram, cowpea and french bean. Even though dolichos bean is the legume with the highest content of phytic acid (1000–1350 mg/100 g), MIPS gene from this important crop is not characterized yet. For the strategies such as RNA mediated gene silencing, which is potential enough to reduce the level of phytates in crops, mRNA sequence should be completely known. For this purpose, RNA was isolated from the developing seeds and dolichos MIPS cDNA was isolated using one-step RT-PCR system with high fidelity DNA polymerase. From this, dlMIPS gene was cloned and sequence characterized. Gene dlMIPS comprised of 1776 bp with an ORF of 1620 bp, which encodes 539 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequence had shown that dolichos bean is closer to green gram, cowpea and french bean. Secondary and tertiary structures of the enzymes from dolichos bean, cowpea and french bean were predicted through homology modeling and compared. Subsequent prediction and comparative analysis of the active sites of enzyme from these legumes had shown that the ligand binding residues vary among legumes.

Evalution of Indian bean (Lablab purpureus L. var. typicus) seeds’ inoculation with Rhizobium phaseoli and Pseudomonas fluorescens on growth, yield and nutritional quality

The field experiment was conducted at Horticulture Farm, S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner (Jaipur) during kharif season 2016-2017. The experiment consisting four plant growth promoting bacteria like viz. P0 (control), P1 (Rhizobium phaseoli), P2 (Pseudomonas fluorescens) and P3 (Rhizobium phaseoli + Pseudomonas fluorescens) with three replications. The seeds of Indian bean inoculated with Rhizobium phaseoli + Pseudomonas fluorescens significantly increased the plant height (cm), number of branches per plant, dry matter accumulation, CGR at 45-60 and 60-75 days after sowing, chlorophyll content in leaves, leaf area, number of green pods per plant, average pod weight (g), green pod length (cm), number of pickings per plant, green pod yield per plant, green pod yield per plot, green pod yield (74.28 q/ha), protein content, net returns (₹ 67875/ha) and B:C ratio (2.56) than control (no inoculation) as compared to control. Whereas, crude fibre content was recorded minimum in treatment inoculation with Rhizobium phaseoli + Pseudomonas fluorescens.

최적 비율의 양잠산물 혼합분말을 첨가한 황기 · 제비콩 양갱의 품질평가

최적 비율의 양잠산물 혼합분말을 첨가한 황기 · 제비콩 양갱의 품질평가

Effect of Sowing Dates on Growth, Flowering and Yield of Indian Bean Varieties under Agroclimatic Conditions of Malwa Plateau in Madhya Pradesh

A field experiment was carried out at research field, College of Horticulture, Mandsaur (M.P.) during kharif season, 2018-19. Twenty treatment combinations comprising of four dates of sowing (D1 - 20th July, D2 - 5th August, D3 - 20th August and D4 - 5th September) and five varieties (V1 - Arka Vijay, V2 - Konkan Bhushan, V3 - Arka Visthar, V4 - Arka Adarsh and V5 - Arka Prasidhi) were evaluated in factorial randomized block design with three replications. The findings of the investigation revealed that among the dates of sowing, D1 (20th July) recorded significantly higher growth parameters, yield parameters and yield. There was highest protein content, dry matter content and fibre content in edible pods under D1 (20th July) and lowest with D4 (5th September) date of sowing. Earliest first flowering, 50% flowering and first picking of pod was noted with D4 (5th September) date of sowing. Among the varieties, variety V3 (Arka Visthar) showed superiority for growth parameters and yield parameters viz., number of spikes plant-1(116.21), pod width (23.04mm), weight of 10 pods (96.19g), pod yield plant-1 (2579.1g), pod yield ha-1 (339.6q) and harvest index (39.4%). Earliest first flowering (41.5 days) and first picking (63.7 days) was observed with V2 (Konkan Bhushan). Highest spike length (31.49cm) was measured with variety V2 (Konkan Bhushan). Highest pod length (14.05cm) and number of pods plant-1 (340.6) were recorded with variety V5 (Arka Prasidhi). Highest protein content (2.80%), fibre content (1.94%) and dry matter content (16.20%) were obtained under the variety V1 (Arka Vijay).

The effect of soaking, steaming, and dehydration on the microstructure, physicochemical properties and in vitro starch digestibility of flour produced from Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet (hyacinth bean)

Hyacinth bean flour was produced from legume grains subjected to steaming and dehydration treatments, prior to soaking to improve utilization as potential functional food ingredients. The morphological characteristics of starch granules extensively changed in response to processing with a distinct variation in the chemical composition of samples studied. Potassium (215.33–326.33 mg/100 g), sodium (19.30–24.57 mg/100 g), and phosphorous (148.67–178.33 mg/100 g) were among the main contributors to total variation whereby individual minerals exhibited different leaching responses to processing treatments. There were significant correlations (p < .05) present among total starch (48.66–51.02 g/100 g), chemical constituents, and physicochemical properties studied. High water penetration potential was identified for samples produced by steaming and dehydration which can be attributed to high levels of swelling and water solubility at lower temperatures (60–70°C). In samples produced by steam-dehydration, a significant improvement in resistant starch (23.44 g/100 g dry starch) content was observed. Practical applications This study presents the application of processing methods (soaking, steaming, dehydration) to improve the nutritional characteristics and physicochemical properties of hyacinth bean flour for application as ingredients to produce value-added legume-based food products. Such processing approaches could potentially improve the value of hyacinth bean by diversifying its use and helping to improve the competitiveness of the legume grain sector. By adopting statistical methods, findings are expected to provide valuable knowledge on nutrient loss and preservation during processing.

Determination of the marker compound, chikusetsusaponin IVa in Dolichos lablab L. using HPLC–PDA and HPLC–ELSD

Dolichos lablab L. (Leguminosae) has been used as food or health supplementary food for a long time. The aim of this study is to establish the method of quantitative analysis of chikusetsusaponin IVa for quality assessment of D. lablab using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with photodiode array (PDA) detector and evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD). Chikusetsusaponin IVa was isolated from water soluble fraction of D. lablab extract. The column for quantitative determination of chikusetsusaponin IVa was SunFire™ C18 column (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 μm) with maintained at 40 °C. Mobile phase was composed 0.1% (v/v) trifluoroacetic acid in water and acetonitrile. The drift tube temperature and nitrogen pressure in ELSD were 60 °C and 360 KPa. The injection volume and flow-rate were 10.0 μL and 1.0 mL/min. The coefficient of determination of calibration curve were 0.9997 (PDA) and 0.9995 (ELSD) and showed good linearity. The recovery of chikusetsusaponin IVa was 100.02–102.02% with relative standard deviation (RSD) value <2.00%. The RSD values of intraday and interday precisions were ≤2.79%. The content of the chikusetsusaponin IVa was detected 0.216 ± 0.004 mg/freeze-dried extract g (PDA) and 0.203 ± 0.004 mg/ freeze-dried extract g (ELSD). The established HPLC assay could be used as a basis for quality assessment of products containing D. lablab and/or D. lablab.