Labeling System Research Articles

청소년의 식품표시사항에 대한 이용실태 및 인식에 관한 연구

The purpose of this study was to examine the usage patterns and perception of food safety and food labeling by adolescent consumers. This study was statistically analyzed for secondary data, which was provided of the 2021 Food Consumption Behavior Survey by the Korea Rural Economic Institute. As a result, the score of checking the contents of packaging when purchasing food for adolescent was 2.64 points which was low. Adolescent was checked expiration date, price, country of origin, brand, and content for buying food. Among the food labeling, they rarely checked the nutrition labeling and allergy. In addition, female students were more checked food labeling than male students when purchasing food. More than half of the respondents didn’t know functional labeling system for food. Therefore, adolescent were heavy consumers of processed foods than other groups that they need practical education on food and nutritional labeling.

Synthesis of 2-Cyanobenzothiazoles via Pd-Catalyzed/Cu-Assisted C-H Functionalization/Intramolecular C-S Bond Formation from N-Arylcyanothioformamides

We report herein on a catalytic system involving palladium and copper to achieve the cyclization of N-arylcyanothioformamides and the synthesis of 2-cyanobenzothiazoles. The C-H functionalization/intramolecular C-S bond formation reaction was achieved in the presence of air, using 2.0 equiv of an inorganic additive (KI). In many cases, the reaction led to a sole product regioselectively obtained in good yields, allowing the synthesis of a wide range of substituted 2-cyanobenzothiazole derivatives, providing valuable building blocks for the design of more complex heterocyclic or molecular labeling systems.

Sumav: Fully automated malware labeling

Multiple AV engines are used to ensure more effective system protection against malicious files. These AV engines are capable of distinguishing between benign and malicious files, but even if a file of interest is proven to be malicious, it is still necessary to refer to a list of AV labels provided by each AV engine to determine what family name the malicious file belongs to. However, oftentimes, such AV labels lack a consistent naming scheme, and even family names differ from one AV engine to another. The present study presents Sumav, a fully automated labeling tool that assigns each file a family name based on AV labels. According to previous studies, such a task required prior knowledge or malicious file datasets that had already been labeled. In contrast, Sumav can assign family names with only the AV labels. This system also requires no maintenance and can provide high-quality labeling performance even if sudden changes have been made to the AV label system.

Beyond a Lush Life: Representation and Performativity at America's [Only] Queer Jazz Festival

Beyond a Lush Life: Representation and Performativity at America's [Only] Queer Jazz Festival

Food Labeling Systems in Japan: Nutrition and Health Claims.

Japan is one of the countries with the highest life expectancy in the world, and maintaining good health is the key component to extend healthy life expectancy. According to World Health Organization, self-care is the ability to promote health, prevent disease, and maintain health. Food labels play an important role in healthy dietary habits for self-care. Food labels comprise nutrition claims and health claims. In Japan, the nutrition component exhibits the contents of energy, protein, fat, carbohydrates, and salt equivalent, which are mandatory, and saturated fat and dietary fiber, which are recommended. On the other hand, the health portion exhibits health maintenance and health promotion by nutrients/ingredients in foods. Under the Food Labeling Act, foods allowed to display health claims, are specified as "Foods with Health Claims" in Japan. The Consumer Affairs Agency reported that most consumers could not utilize food labels, even though the nutrition label serves as a parameter for a healthier food choice. In this regard, front-of-pack labels (FOPLs), are a beneficial tool which encourages people to choose healthier foods, and conduct self-care. However, FOPLs is still unfamiliar in Japan, so we have to investigate which nutrients and which type of FOPLs are the best for Japanese people. In addition to FOPL promotion, education is important to get consumers using food labels for extending their healthy life expectancy.

Consumer attitudes and sociodemographic profiles in purchasing organic food products: evidence from a Greek and Swedish survey

PurposeThis study explores Greek and Swedish consumers' attitude towards organic food consumption in order to demonstrate possible differences that can be identified based on health and ecological consciousness beliefs rather than demographic factors. The examination of an emerging and a more mature market allow the authors to provide more targeted marketing strategies that possibly increase organic food consumption in both countries.Design/methodology/approachThe authors adopt an econometric approach to the analysis of consumer behavior in relation to organic food consumption in Sweden and Greece. More specifically, the authors examine the motivations and postexperiences of organic food consumers of different socioeconomic profiles in these two countries, one in northern and one in southern Europe. The authors apply an ordered logistic regression analysis model to map out the interaction between consumer attitudes and sociodemographic variables.FindingsThe authors results show that consumers in Sweden more frequently purchase organic foods than consumers in Greece. Environmental protection and ethical values increase the odds for Swedish organic food consumers to buy organic food products. Health consciousness and family well-being are perceived as factors that increase the odds for Greek organic food consumers to buy organic foods. Sociodemographic factors do not play a pivotal role for consumer behavior in relation to organic food in both countries.Originality/valueThis study distinguishes between organic food consumers in two countries with different levels of organic food production and export activity, size of organic market, national organic labeling system and legal definition and standards of organic food. Within these differences, the organic food industry could align its marketing efforts better rather focus on simplistic demographics. The current view unfolds the fact that there are limited studies comparing two European markets at different stages of development and the factors that influence organic food consumer behavior.

Selection of red fluorescent protein for genetic labeling of mitochondria and intercellular transfer of viable mitochondria

The phenomenon of intercellular mitochondrial transfer has attracted great attention in various fields of research, including stem cell biology. Elucidating the mechanism of mitochondrial transfer from healthy stem cells to cells with mitochondrial dysfunction may lead to the development of novel stem cell therapies to treat mitochondrial diseases, among other advances. To visually evaluate and analyze the mitochondrial transfer process, dual fluorescent labeling systems are often used to distinguish the mitochondria of donor and recipient cells. Although enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) has been well-characterized for labeling mitochondria, other colors of fluorescent protein have been less extensively evaluated in the context of mitochondrial transfer. Here, we generated different lentiviral vectors with mitochondria-targeted red fluorescent proteins (RFPs), including DsRed, mCherry (both from Discosoma sp.) Kusabira orange (mKOκ, from Verrillofungia concinna), and TurboRFP (from Entacmaea quadricolor). Among these proteins, mitochondria-targeted DsRed and its variant mCherry often generated bright aggregates in the lysosome while other proteins did not. We further validated that TurboRFP-labeled mitochondria were successfully transferred from amniotic epithelial cells, one of the candidates for donor stem cells, to mitochondria-damaged recipient cells without losing the membrane potential. Our study provides new insight into the genetic labeling of mitochondria with red fluorescent proteins, which may be utilized to analyze the mechanism of intercellular mitochondrial transfer.

Toward near-zero water consumption grade labelling and evaluation benchmarks for residential buildings

ABSTRACT Mitigating global warming and climate change has become a crucial mission for sustainable development all over the world. This research focus on the feasibility of development near-zero water consumption buildings. The water saving motivation is necessary to be raised by a clear measurement basis for the rational water use of buildings and encourage more efforts to improve building water-use efficiency.A water conservation benchmarks and grade labelling assessment system for residential buildings had been established. We concluded a simplified and reliable building water evaluation method for implementation in residential buildings. Meanwhile, this study investigated the actual water consumption data of existing buildings in Taiwan, analyzed the water consumption intensity per unit area of residential buildings, and grasped a reasonable and precise benchmark for building water consumption. The water consumption intensity per building area was analyzed to verify the theoretical water consumption estimation method. Eventually, we summarized the annual average benchmark and graded labelling system of domestic water consumption for individual residential building evaluations. Furthermore, this study integrated Taiwan’s green building labeling system and carbon reduction evaluation system with water-saving technology, which was anticipated to target the development of near-zero water consumption buildings.

Stochastic simulation algorithm for isotope-based dynamic flux analysis

Carbon isotope labeling method is a standard metabolic engineering tool for flux quantification in living cells. To cope with the high dimensionality of isotope labeling systems, diverse algorithms have been developed to reduce the number of variables or operations in metabolic flux analysis (MFA), but lacks generalizability to non-stationary metabolic conditions. In this study, we present a stochastic simulation algorithm (SSA) derived from the chemical master equation of the isotope labeling system. This algorithm allows to compute the time evolution of isotopomer concentrations in non-stationary conditions, with the valuable property that computational time does not scale with the number of isotopomers. The efficiency and limitations of the algorithm is benchmarked for the forward and inverse problems of 13C-DMFA in the pentose phosphate pathways, and is compared with EMU-based methods for NMFA and MFA including the central carbon metabolism. Overall, SSA constitutes an alternative class to deterministic approaches for metabolic flux analysis that is well adapted to comprehensive dataset including parallel labeling experiments, and whose limitations associated to the sampling size can be overcome by using Monte Carlo sampling approaches.

Effects on Lettuce Yield Parameters and Toxicological Safety Assessment of a Plant-Derived Formulation Based on Rosemary and Eucalyptus Essential Oils

Essential oils from medicinal and aromatic plants are increasingly recognized as a promising class of green molecules for use in crop production. In many cases, the beneficial aspects of a substance are not supported by sufficient toxicological safety testing, even though recent reports suggest that some compounds may be toxic to terrestrial or aquatic non-target species. It is, therefore, essential to investigate the possibility of adverse effects on non-target animals and humans exposed to these substances through the consumption of fruit and/or vegetables. The present study aims to examine the potential effects on yield and quality parameters and investigate the level of in vitro and in vivo toxicity of an Eco-product (EP) based on rosemary and eucalyptus essential oils, to provide a measure for safe use in the agricultural sector. The product was evaluated in lettuce crop production and indicated that one-time application of the EP formula increases yield, activating various secondary metabolism pathways of the plant to cope with oxidative stress. Cytotoxicity assays and in vivo acute oral and dermal toxicity studies suggest that the tested compound does not pose any significant health hazard, and the dissolved product can be classified in Category 5, according to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS).

MYC Influences mRNA Processing and Nuclear Export to Initiate Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Background: Although MYC is a potent oncogene that is frequently associated with poor outcomes in many solid tumors, its precise role in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) pathogenesis and outcomes are not clear. We recently discovered that intermediate-risk AML patients with long first remissions with standard chemotherapy have an unexpectedly high frequency of pathogenic MYC mutations in the dominant leukemia clone at diagnosis (6 of 26 [23%] cases, versus 1.8% of all AML patients, p=0.002). An analysis of all MYC mutations reported in AML, revealed that they are nearly always single base substitutions that localize to a hotspot in the MYC Box I domain (MBI - AAs hotspot 73-74); this stands in distinct contrast to other hematopoietic malignancies, where MYC mutations are scattered throughout the entire gene. In this study, we engineered mouse hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) to express AML-associated MYC missense mutations and characterized their in-vitro and in-vivo cellular and molecular phenotypes. Results: We observed that constitutive expression of MYC MBI mutant proteins in mouse HSPCs significantly prolonged Myc half-life and conferred different degrees of growth advantage over both wild type MYC overexpression and overexpression of non-MBI mutant proteins. To determine whether these mutations are AML drivers, HSPCs expressing MYCWT or the MBI mutants MYCP74Q and MYCT73N were transplanted into lethally irradiated syngeneic recipient mice, which were then evaluated for the development of leukemia. Primary recipient mice transplanted with MYCWT-expressing cells developed leukemia with a median survival of 58 days for whereas mice transplanted with MYCP74Q- or MYCT73N-expressing cells displayed a median survival of 42 and 41.5 days, respectively (p<0.001). Furthermore, secondary recipient mice transplanted with MYCWT-, MYCP74Q- or MYCT73N-expressing AML cells from primary recipient mice also developed AML, indicating that expression of WT and MBI-MUT Myc leads to the development of frank leukemia in mice. Next, we investigated the impact of these point mutations on the transcriptional targets of Myc by comparing single-cell RNA-seq profiles of murine HSPCs expressing wild type, P74Q, or T73N Myc versus an empty vector control. From these analyses, we found that while each of these mutants retain many of the transcriptional activities of wild type Myc, they also display unique transcriptional signatures. To better understand how these mutations affect the transcriptional output of MYC, we performed ChIP-seq analysis of primary murine HSPCs expressing MYCWT-, MYCcP74Q- or MYCT73N. Despite MBI mutations causing persistent MYC protein expression (due to prolonged half-life), we detected an overall decrease in chromatin binding of MBI-MUT MYC, with preserved binding to transcriptional start sites of a core sets of genes involved in splicing and translation. Importantly, MBI mutations did not affect the canonical E-box Myc binding site, nor create novel binding sites, indicating that these mutations lead to an overall decrease in Myc occupancy at target promoters. Immunofluorescent staining for WT vs. MBI mutant MYC showed that despite their overall decrease in chromatin binding, Myc mutant proteins localized predominantly to the nucleus. However, a substantial number of nuclei showed a ring-like morphology of MBI-MUT MYC, suggesting that MBI mutations might enrich protein localization at the nuclear periphery. To determine whether the changes in staining pattern observed for MBI-MUT were associated with alterations in the ability of MYC to interact with its regulatory proteins, we employed a modified BioID proximity labeling system, "TurboID", to screen for differential protein interactions in murine HSPCs. This analysis showed that MBI mutations resulted in several gained interactions over WT MYC - most prominently with components of the nuclear pore complex (NUP98, NUP107, NUP133, XPOT, RAE1) supporting the idea that MBI-MUT might accelerate transformation by controlling translation and mRNA nuclear export. Conclusions: Collectively, these data indicate that AML-associated MYC mutations support leukemogenesis through non-canonical (transcription-independent) MYC proprieties. More broadly, these data suggest that aberrant mRNA processing and nuclear export might play an important role in the initiation of AML by MYC mutations.

The Protein Interactome of DNMT3A, and Altered Interactions Caused By Missense Mutations Associated with AML and/or the DNMT3A Overgrowth Syndrome

DNA methylation mediated by the de novo DNA methyltransferases (DNMT3A and DNMT3B) is essential for normal embryonic development. Somatic loss-of-function or mutations in DNMT3A are common in individuals with clonal hematopoiesis, and are found in nearly 30% of normal karyotype AML patients; mutations at amino acid R882 represent a hotspot in AML, accounting for ~60% of DNMT3A mutations in AML. Acquired germline DNMT3A mutations are associated with the DNMT3A Overgrowth Syndrome (aka Tatton-Brown-Rahman Syndrome/TBRS), a leukemia susceptibility syndrome. Mutations at R882 have a dominant negative effect on WT DNMT3A, and cause a distinctive, focal, canonical DNA hypomethylation phenotype. Many non-R882 DNMT3A missense mutations also have a canonical hypomethylation phenotype in hematopoietic cells that is similar to that of haploinsufficiency caused by gene deletion (Smith et al, Nat. Comms, 2021), suggesting that they are also loss-of-function mutations. Although some non-R882 missensemutations may cause DNMT3A protein instability to cause loss-of-function (Huang et al, Can Disc 2022), others do not yet have a mechanism described. For this study, we investigated the hypothesis that missense mutations in DNMT3A may inactivate its methyltransferase activity by altering its ability to interact with proteins that influence its function. To better understand mechanisms involving altered protein interactions, we used a proximity labeling system using a highly active biotin ligase (TurboID/"TID"), fused in-frame to full length human DNMT3A1 at either the N-or C-terminus in an MSCV-based vector tagged with GFP. Vectors with either WT or mutant DNMT3A cDNAs were transduced into murine bone marrow progenitors, which were allowed to grow in culture for 2 days, enriched for GFP+ cells, and then labelled with biotin for 4 hours. Proteins within 10 angstroms of the TurboID-DNMT3A fusions were tagged with biotin, enriched with a streptavidin bead pulldown, and identified using mass spectrometry. We evaluated protein interactions with TurboID alone (n=9 independent experiments), wildtype DNMT3A (n=9), or with 21 different, recurrent missense mutations (7 TBRS mutations, 4 AML mutations, and 10 mutations found in both AML and TBRS patients, n=2-4 per mutation, with 53 total, independent samples) in mouse hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). ETV3, RUNX1, DNMT3B, MBD1, GATA1, KDM5A, RB1, and 428 other proteins interacted specifically with wild type DNMT3A, compared to TurboID alone. Although some of these proteins had previously been identified as DNMT3A interactors, the vast majority were previously unknown (see Fig. 1A for the 50 strongest interactors). Altered DNMT3A protein interactions caused by missense mutations are shown for 10 selected proteins in Fig. 1B. Three mutations located in the PWWP domain of DNMT3A (G298W, I310N, and R326C) caused a loss of nearly all interactions, which was found to be due to mislocalization of DNMT3A to the cytoplasm by these variants (data not shown). Mutations known to cause DNMT3A instability (Huang et al, Can Disc 2022) including C583Y, R635W, Y660H, R736H, R749C, F902S and P904L, had increased interactions with ubiquitin ligases (Hectd3, Rnf31, Ube2v1, Smurf1, Trim8) which may target them for accelerated degradation (data not shown). The normal interaction between DNMT3A and DNMT3B was essentially eliminated by several mutations (I310N, R635W, Y660H, R736H) and decreased in several more (G298W, F902S and P904L) (Fig.1B). In AML cells, the dominant isoform of DNMT3B is DNMT3B3, which is missing exons that are essential for its methyltransferase activity. However, DNMT3B3 is known to interact with DNMT3A and, in doing so, increase its activity by acting as a chaperone. Therefore, the disruption of DNMT3B3 binding to DNMT3A may represent a novel mechanism for missense mutations to reduce DNMT3A activity. Finally, we used the same system to define DNMT3A protein interactions in human CD34+ cord blood cells (with DNMT3A WT, R736H, and R882H, and others in progress), which revealed high concordance with the mouse data. DNMT3A missense mutations can alter many protein interactions with DNMT3A, which can clearly reduce its methyltransferase activity by a number of mechanisms. These findings may suggest new approaches for restoring DNMT3A activity in patients with myeloid malignances. Figure 1View largeDownload PPTFigure 1View largeDownload PPT Close modal

CNSC-16. BIDIRECTIONAL SIGNALING BETWEEN GLIOBLASTOMA AND NEURAL PROGENITORS EXPLORED WITH CELL-SPECIFIC PROTEOMICS RESULTS IN INCREASED TUMOR MALIGNANCY AND ALTERED NEUROGENESIS IN THE SUBVENTRICULAR ZONE

Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary neoplasm of the central nervous system. The location of GBM contributes significantly to patient outcomes, where tumors contacting the lateral ventricles (LVs) have increased expression of stem cell genes, increased incidence of distal recurrence, and decreased overall survival. While the reasons for these findings are not fully understood, we hypothesize they arise due to interactions with the subventricular zone (SVZ), the largest neurogenic niche in mammals. We examined bidirectional signals between GBM cells and neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in vitro and in vivo using a combination of patient-derived intraoperative samples, preclinical animal models, and the methionine tRNA synthetase L274G (MetRS*) nascent proteomic labeling system, which allows for cell-specific proteomics analysis from complex in vivo systems. In co-culture with NPCs, GBM cells increase their viability, proliferation, migration, and expression of malignancy-promoting proteins, including migratory proteins such as TAGLN, PALLD, and STAT1. In vivo, tumor proximity to the SVZ results in increased proliferation, increased expression of stemness markers, decreased survival, and altered tumor-specific proteome. We then examined the reciprocal effect of GBM cells on NPC biology. In vitro and in vivo, GBM cells decreased NPC proliferation and induced decreased neuronal maturation of NPCs. To determine NPC proteomic changes in vivo, we created a transgenic mouse line Nestin-CreERT2; STOPflox R26-MetRS L274G, where upon tamoxifen administration Nestin+ NPCs express GFP and MetRS*. Our results indicate that LV-proximal GBM induces decreased expression of neuronal maturation proteins such as Eml1, VGLUT1, and EAAT2, and an increase in pro-migratory factors such as Lamc1 in NPCs. In conclusion, there are bidirectional proteomic interactions between GBM cells and NPCs that contributes to altered neurogenesis and increased tumor malignancy of LV-proximal GBM. The signaling factors identified in our studies will result in identification of novel therapeutic targets for GBM.

Expansion of the application domain of a macromolecular ocular irritation test (OptiSafe™)

The OptiSafe (OS) test is shelf-stable, macromolecular eye irritation test that does not include any animal ingredient or component (“vegan”). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the test's accuracy for an expanded application domain for both the original and recently updated OS method. This study involved the testing of additional ocular corrosives and previously excluded foaming agents (“surfactants”) using both the original and updated OS methods and then combining these data with prior validation data for a total of 147 chemicals. Predictivity was evaluated by a statistical comparison of the OptiSafe predictions with historical in vivo “Draize” rabbit eye data for the same chemicals (from public databases). We report that for the detection of chemicals not requiring classification for eye irritation [Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) No Category], the accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity were 92.8%, 79.6%, and 100.0%, respectively, for the updated method; for the detection of chemicals inducing extreme eye damage/corrosion (GHS Category 1), the accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity were 79.4%, 71.8%, and 91.7%, respectively, for the updated method. Results indicate that both the original and updated methods have a high accuracy for the expanded application domain that included ocular corrosives and surfactants.

Long-term evaluation of safety and biological effects of Korean Red Ginseng (Panax Ginseng): a long-term in vivo study

BackgroundAlthough Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) is safe, this finding was only evaluated in 3-mo-long studies. Its safety was verified through a 6-mo KRG administration clinical study, but long-term studies beyond 6 mo are insufficient. This study investigated the safety and efficacy of 12-mo KRG administration.MethodsIn this study, 300 mg/kg of KRG was administered to male and female Sprague Dawley rats for 4, 8, and 12 mo to evaluate its efficacy and safety. Clinical signs, including pathological examination and haematological analyses, were observed. Flow cytometric analyses were utilised to analyse spleen and thymus immune cell counts after 12 mo. Proteomic analysis of the sera was performed using a nanospray-interfaced mass spectrometer with an 11-plex Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) labelling system. Bioinformatic analysis was then performed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and PANTHER. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD032036.ResultsNo significant body and organ weight changes were observed, and haematological and serum biochemical analyses did not show clinical significance. The effectiveness of long-term KRG administration was confirmed through increased immune cell distribution and activity. Changes in proteins correlated with viral infection reduction were confirmed through proteomic analysis.ConclusionThe results suggested that 12-mo KRG intake is safe, improves immune system activity, and reduces viral infections with no significant changes in toxicological aspects.

Medication safety in the perioperative setting: A comparison of methods for detecting medication errors and adverse medication events.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate perioperative medication-related incidents (medication errors (MEs) and/or adverse medication events (AMEs)) identified by 2 different reporting methods (self-report and direct observation), and to compare the types and severity of incidents identified by each method. We compared perioperative medication-related incidents identified by direct observation in Nanji et al's 2016 study[1] to those identified by self-report via a facilitated incident reporting system at the same 1046-bed tertiary care academic medical center during the same 8-month period. Incidents, including MEs and AMEs were classified by type and severity. In 277 operations involving 3671 medication administrations, 193 MEs and/or AMEs were observed (5.3% incident rate). While none of the observed incidents were self-reported, 10 separate medication-related incidents were self-reported from different (unobserved) operations that occurred during the same time period, which involved a total of 21,576 operations and approximately 280,488 medication administrations (0.004% self-reported incident rate). The distribution of incidents (ME, AME, or both) did not differ by direct observation versus self-report methodology. The types of MEs identified by direct observation differed from those identified by self-report (P = .005). Specifically, the most frequent types of MEs identified by direct observation were labeling errors (N = 37; 24.2%), wrong dose errors (N = 35; 22.9%) and errors of omission (N = 27; 17.6%). The most frequent types of MEs identified by self-report were wrong dose (N = 5; 50%) and wrong medication (N = 4; 40%). The severity of incidents identified by direct observation and self-report differed, with self-reported incidents having a higher average severity (P < .001). The procedure types associated with medication-related incidents did not differ by direct observation versus self-report methodology. Direct observation captured many more perioperative medication-related incidents than self-report. The ME types identified and their severity differed between the 2 methods, with a higher average incident severity in the self-reported data.

Towards a new food labelling system for sustainable food production and healthy responsible consumption: The Med Index Checklist

By 2024, the European Commission will examine a new sustainable labeling framework. Here we describe the development of a new food product labeling system, named Mediterranean Index (Med Index), aimed at promoting adherence to the Mediterranean diet (healthy and sustainable nutritional pattern) by stimulating citizens to practice physical activity consistent with the energy intake of meals and encouraging producers to make healthier and more sustainable food products. It is characterized by the possibility of integrating 27 criteria addressing the issue of sustainable food production processes in the frame of three pillars: nutritional, environmental, and social sustainability. It is conceived as a holistic front-of-pack (FOP) label, complete and applicable by food producers as it is based on measurable criteria, widely shared by stakeholders, but usually adopted on an individual basis.

Construction of Entity and Entity Relationship Annotation Corpus for Test Identification

Currently, the test identification corpus faces the problems of small scale, poor consistency and poor standardization, which is difficult to meet the needs of intelligent applications such as knowledge mapping, question answering system and knowledge reasoning. Based on the entity labeling system for test identification developed by CCKS evaluation conference, this paper developed and improved the labeling specification. On this basis, the original text of test identification was obtained through news, Wikipedia and other channels. The entities in the original text were manually labeled and collated by the annotator, and the entity annotation corpus for test identification was constructed. The corpus constructed in this paper has a total of 86,000 words, with a total of 5980 entities and 4982 entity relations. The consistency of multi-round annotation is 86% and 85%, respectively.

Basal Cell-derived WNT7A Promotes Fibrogenesis at the Fibrotic Niche in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Loss of epithelial integrity, bronchiolarization, and fibroblast activation are key characteristics of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Prolonged accumulation of basal-like cells in IPF may impact the fibrotic niche to promote fibrogenesis. To investigate their role in IPF, basal cells were isolated from IPF explant and healthy donor lung tissues. Single-cell RNA sequencing was used to assess differentially expressed genes in basal cells. Basal cell and niche interaction was demonstrated with the sLP-mCherry niche labeling system. Luminex assays were used to assess cytokines secreted by basal cells. The role of basal cells in fibroblast activation was studied. Three-dimensional organoid culture assays were used to interrogate basal cell effects on AEC2 (type 2 alveolar epithelial cell) renewal capacity. Perturbation was used to investigate WNT7A function invitro and in a repetitive bleomycin model invivo. We found that WNT7A is highly and specifically expressed in basal-like cells. Proteins secreted by basal cells can be captured by neighboring fibroblasts and AEC2s. Basal cells or basal cell-conditioned media activate fibroblasts through WNT7A. Basal cell-derived WNT7A inhibits AEC2 progenitor cell renewal in three-dimensional organoid cultures. Neutralizing antibodies against WNT7A or a small molecule inhibitor of Frizzled signaling abolished basal cell-induced fibroblast activation and attenuated lung fibrosis in mice. In summary, basal cells and basal cell-derived WNT7A are key components of the fibrotic niche, providing a unique non-stem cell function of basal cells in IPF progression and a novel targeting strategy for IPF.

Consumers’ food choice and healthfulness perception – the impact of front-of-package nutrition labelling systems (FoPL) on tomato products

Consumers’ food choice and healthfulness perception – the impact of front-of-package nutrition labelling systems (FoPL) on tomato products