Kyiv Oblast Research Articles

Становлення бюджетного федералізму в Україні та особливості сучасного Донбасу

The essence, content and stages of formation of budgetary federalism in Ukraine in the conditions of the current normative legal and legislative support are revealed in the article. The provisions of the Concept of reforming local selfgovernment and territorial organization of government from April 1, 2014, the State Strategy for Regional Development for the period up to 2020 from August 6, 2014, the Sustainable Development Strategy "Ukraine 2020" from January 15, 2015, the Fundamental Policy Areas for 2018-2020 years from June 2017 on defining the components and parameters of the formation of budgetary federalism in Ukraine as a sovereign, independent and unitary state. Initial provisions are considered in detail. The results of the state-legal experiment of local self-government development in Irpin, Bucha, Vorzel, Gostomel, Kotsyubynske, Kyiv Oblast were conducted from April 5, 2001 to April 5, 2005. Special attention is paid to consideration of methodological developments of Ukrainian scientists, taking into account foreign experience in the mechanism of budgetary federalism implementation in the context of human development. The budgets of the Lugansk and Donetsk regions were analyzed “before” and “in the conditions” of the public-military conflict in the Ukrainian Donbass and the process of decentralization of power in the Lugansk and Donetsk regions through the creation of United territorial communities. The budgets of the Lugansk and Donetsk regions were analyzed “before” and “in the conditions” of the public-military conflict in the Ukrainian Donbass and the process of decentralization of power in the Lugansk and Donetsk regions through the creation of United territorial communities. Based on the results of the analysis of the formation of organizational, methodological and financial prerequisites for the application of budgetary federalism in the Ukrainian Donbass, a structural and reproductive approach to the delimitation of the spending powers of communities, districts and regions with the obligatory provision of their sources of corresponding income is substantiated. It is recommended in the Ukrainian Donbass the introduction of the pilot project "State regulation of regional human development at the level of the administrative region", which was developed by experts of the Institute of Physical Economics. S.A. Podolyn and Berdyansk University of Management and the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine.

ANALYSIS OF POPULATION SIZE AND COMPOSITION IN AREAS WITH THE MOST INTENSIVE RADIOLOGICAL CONTAMINATION IN UKRAINE AT DIFFERENT TIMES.

To identify the existing demographic problems basing on the data of All-Ukrainian Population Census for 2011 and as at 01.01.2017 related to the population size and composition in the areas most radiologically contam- inated due to Chornobyl NPP accident.Study object. Population of the most intensively contaminated areas of Ukraine (areas of radiological contamina- tion - ARC), i. e. Narodychi, Ovruch and Olevsk regions of Zhytomyr oblast, Ivankiv and Poliske regions of Kyiv oblast, Rokytne and Sarny regions of Rivne oblast, Kozelets and Ripky regions of Chernihiv oblast. Entire population of Ukraine was the control. The State statistical services of Ukraine and their regional offices related to the distribu- tion of permanent population by gender and age as at 01.01.2017, as well as data of All-Ukrainian Population Census for 2011, were the information base of the study. Demographic, mathematical and statistical, graphical and techno- logical software methods and tools were applied. There are significant differences in size and composition of the population of the ARC of Ukraine. Gender and age structure of the population living in the ARC, similar to that living in Ukraine in general, changes over time. The whole shape of demographic pyramid of Ukraine indicates that the share of over-60 age group in the popula- tion increased in 2017, whereas the population of the same age living in the ARC is rapidly disappearing. Also there is a significant regional variation of ageing levels of the population living in the radiologically contaminated areas. The analysis of pyramid slopes indicates that both in 2001 and in 2017 the most rapid change of pop- ulation size occurred in Rokytne and Sarny regions of Rivne oblast.

ERECHTITES HIERACIFOLIA (L.) RAF. EX DC. (ASTERACEAE BERCHT. & J. PRESL) – НОВИЙ ВИД АДВЕНТИВНИХ РОСЛИН ДЛЯ ФЛОРИ КИЇВСЬКОГО ПОЛІССЯ

Information about floristic record of Erechtites hieracifoliа (L.) Raf. ex DC. (Asteraceae Bercht. & J. Presl) at the territory of the Chernobyl Radiation and Ecological Biosphere Reserve and National Nature Park "Нolosiivsky", new for the Kyiv Polyssia alien species was presented. This species has north american origin, according to the time of arrival it is kenophyte, according to the skidding method – xenophyte, on naturalization level – kolonophyte. Firstly in the region of study this species was collected in 2018 in vicinities of former village Ilovnitsa (northern part of the village) of Ivankov district of Kyiv Oblast. Later, in 2019 E. hieracifoliа was noted in two another sites of biosphere reserve (vicinities of former village Klyvyny of Ivankiv District, Kyiv Region and former village Kamianka of the same administrative units). Total revealed more than 60 species plants, in vegetative state (prevailed) and also in generative state. Plants were noted sporadically on forest edges and roads in composition of unformed plant communities. In 2019 this species was also found on the territory of National Naturе Park "Нolosiivsky" (Sviatoshin-Bilychі branch) where individuals of the species were found singly or in small groups (5–10 plants). In total, 60 plants of E. hieracifoliа were noted here. Probably they came to the study region recently – some years ago, skid occurred on high roads which plants used as wind corridors flanked by forests, and also on local ways; it is possible that diaspores distribution is carried out also by birds. Schematic map of species distribution in the region was presented. Data about primary and secondary areas of the E. hieracifoliа, its ecological and coenotic peculiarities were presented. The main stages of history of skidding and further distribution of the investigated species in Ukraine were reconstructed; the main directions of it distribution is connected with northern and western regions of the country. Currently, the species tends to actively spread into another regions of Ukraine. In Europe it belongs to invasive species and demands control of spread.

ВНУТРІШНЬО ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНІ ВІДМІННОСТІ ФОРМУВАННЯ ТРУДОВОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ КИЇВСЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ

Aim. Aim of this article is to identify internal territorial differences in the development of Kyiv oblast labor potential. Methodology. Basics of geographical statistical analysis shaped the methodological framework of the research. Main research methods include factor analysis and index method. The analysis is used to identify hidden relationships and structure in the data array. The distinguished relationships between the factors are interpreted territorially. For this purpose, for each of the cases, factor coefficients are calculated that demonstrate the spatial distribution of the influence of the studied factor. The index method provides comparability and normalization of input data for statistical analysis. The integral indicators of the dynamics of complex social georaphic processes in time and space, as well as the solutions to the problem of the influence of factors on the dynamics of the phenomenon under study, are derived. Using indices, we determined the dynamics of the main indicators of the labor potential of the Kiev region, compared the parameters of various indicators, revealed the influence of specific factors on the change in parameters. Findings. This research allowed to define approaches suitable for social and geographical evaluation of territorial differences in the development of Kyiv oblast labor potential. Factors that define such differences, as well as an integral index of region’s labor potential development were also identified. The existence of a clear differentiation of the districts of the Kiev region by the integral rank of the development of labor potential is established. 3 groups were identified by the level of development of labor potential: • leading regions by the level of development of labor potential; • buffer areas according to the level of development of labor potential; outsider districts by the level of development of labor potential. Scientific novelty. Scientific novelty lies in the identification of the territorial differences in the development of Kyiv oblast labor potential. The assessment of the factors of formation and use of the labor potential of the region has been improved and the main agglomerated socio-geographical factors of the formation and development of the labor potential of the Kiev region have been identified. Practical significance. This research establishes the bases for conducting a comprehensive social and geographic analysis of the establishment and development of region’s labor potential. The factors of the formation of the labor potential of the Kiev region, the spatial features of the use of labor potential by typing administrative regions according to their respective attributes, were identified and analyzed. The developed methodology can be the basis for further socio-geographical studies of labor potential in Ukraine. Findings of this study can be used as the foundation for further research on the processes related to establishment and utilization of regions’ labor potential, as well as strategizing social and economic development of Kyiv oblast in terms of optimizing the use of available labor resources.

Varietal features of oil linseed yield formation depending on sowing rate and inter-row spacing in the conditions of Right-bank Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine

Purpose. To establish the varietal features of the generative organs and plant morphological parts development; oil linseed yield formation during the cultivation with diffe­rent sowing density, which is regulated by the width between the rows (row spacing) and sowing rate. Methods. Field research was carried out along 2016–2018 in the multifactorial stationary experiment at the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, separate subdivision “Agronomic Research Station” (Kyiv Oblast). Scheme of the experiment: factor V – variety: ‘Aisberh’, ‘Liryna’; factor W – width between the rows: 12.5, 25 and 37.5 cm; factor S – sowing rate: 4, 6, 8 and 10 million seeds/ha. Results. The oil linseed yield on average (over the years of research) varied from 1.03 to 1.64 t/ha, depending on the variety, row spacing and sowing rates. On average, (reference) yield of the ‘Liryna’ variety is 1.03–1.57 t/ha, and in terms of experimental years – 0.88–1.97 t/ha. ‘Liryna’ forms the highest yield with the sowing rate in 8 million seeds/ha with the width between the rows in 25 or 12.5 cm – 1.81 and 1.71 t/ha correspondently, and 1.65 t/ha with the width between the rows 37.5 cm. The optimum width of the row spacing for ‘Liryna’ variety and for all sowing rates is 25 cm. The ‘Aisberh’ linseed yield varied from 1.09 to 1.64 t/ha, and in terms of experimental years – from 0.90 to 1.78 t/ha. ‘Aisberh’ forms the highest yield with the sowing rate in 6 million seeds/ha and 25 cm of row spacing – 1.64 t/ha. The variants with increased sowing density with rates in 8 and 10 million seeds/ha lead to yield decreasing. Anyway, over the years of research, the number of boxes on the one flax plant changed depending on the sowing rate and row spacing. At the same time, more boxes were formed on the plants of ‘Liryna’ variety (1.44–3.88 pp.) in comparison with ‘Aisberh’ variety, although the last one was more variable on this indicator within the experimental variants. The weight of 1000 seeds of ‘Aisberh’ variety, depending on the variant of the experiment, varied from 7.31 to 7.58 g and of the variety ‘Liryna’ – from 6.44 to 6.65 g. ‘Aisberh’ variety in the weight of 1000 seeds exceeded ‘Liryna’ variety by 0,56–1,02 g in 2016, by 0,56–1,25 g in 2017 and by 1,01–1,09 g in 2018.Conclusions. Changing the sowing rate and row spacing causes variability of the yield components formation – the number of boxes per plant, the number of grains in the box and the weight of 1000 seeds, which determine the individual productivity of the plant. The highest yield of the ‘Liryna’ variety is formed by sowing 6 and 8 million similar seeds per hectare with the row spacing in 25 cm. The ‘Aisberh’ variety provides higher yield at the sowing rate in 6 million seed per hectare and 25 cm of row spacing, while the sow thicke­ning to 8 and 10 million seeds per hectare leads to yield decreasing.

TRYPILLIA CULTURE SITE YANCHA 1

Six settlements of Trypillia culture are known near Hrebeni village in Kaharlyk Region of Kyiv Oblast by now. Investigations of this sites started in the early 1960s plans are made using magnetic prospecting for five of them. Publishing of a small collection of finds from one of them, originating from Yancha 1 location, is an important step towards creating a coherent picture of the 500-year history of a small group of Trypillia population which belonged to Kolomyishchyna local group at the micro-regional level. Some finds of painted pottery demonstrate connections with Tomashivka local group located in more than 100 kilometers to south. Later, this place was settled in the Late Bronze Age and the 4th century AD (Cherniakhiv culture).

The development of Kyiv academic accordion school 50s - 80s years of the twentieth century

Purpose of the article is based on a generalization of the scientific and pedagogical experience of the accordionist Art of the Kyiv Academic School in the 50s - 80s years of the XX century, the tendencies of development and its functional peculiarities. Methodology of research is to apply the objective-historic, historic-cultural, creative-activity, comparative, typological, chronological, systematic, and structural-functional methods. Scientific novelty of the work involves the specification of pedagogical and interpretive characteristics of the accordionists' activity of the Kyiv oblast in the 50s - 80s years of the twentieth century, the highlighting of the specific aspects of the performance art of the representatives of the academic accordions school. Conclusions. Renaissance of the accordions performances of Ukraine in the 50s - 80s years of the 20th century, in particular, the Kyiv Accordion School, became a vivid testimony to creative interpenetration, evolution in the world of music culture, through the modernization of the instrument, the academicization of theoretical and practical preparation of accordionists, the development and improvement of technical implementation techniques, treatment and mastering of the methods of general musical pedagogy and the use of the achievements of the theory of the game on related instruments, enrichment of the repertoire due to the original composer creativity, and practice of translations and transcriptions

Assessment of soil and soil trophic chains contamination by persistent organic pollutants

Ukraine ratified the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in 2001, and is now a party to this Convention. First, 12 POPs were introduced into the annexes to the Convention, nine of which are pesticides, and today the list includes 21 highly hazardous chemicals, posing a global threat to human health and the environment. Since POPs accumulate precisely in the fatty tissues of living organisms, people, as representatives of the upper stages of the food chain, are most vulnerable to the effects of POPs. The purpose of the research was to provide scientific substantiation of the agroecological assessment of soil contamination and components of the trophic chains by persistent organic pollutants. The research was conducted based on the Department of Ecotoxicology of the Institute of Agroecology and Nature Management of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Field experiments were carried out during 2012-2014 in the territories around non-operational warehouses of pesticides and on agricultural land located around the non-operational warehouses of poison chemicals located within the farms of Intergroinvest LLC Stavishchensky District and TzdV Shamraievsky Sugar Plant in the Skvirsky District of the Kyiv Oblast. Warehouses are in unsatisfactory condition, the buildings are partially destroyed, they are not closed, walls and ceilings are sometimes lacking; only some remnants of buildings remain in some warehouses, which indicates that the precipitates are freely entering the middle of buildings, which facilitates the migration of toxic compounds into objects the environment. The soil of the sanitary-protective zones of the poisons of Stavishchensky and Skvirsky districts contains significant amounts (22 - 145 MAC) of the remains of stable HOPs and serves as a powerful source of income for the following units of the trophic chains. To establish a large migration of organochlorine pesticides from the source of pollution, samples of soil, selected at 1, 5, 15, 25, 50, and 100 m from the composition of pesticides, were analyzed. All soil samples contain residual amounts of DDT that significantly exceed the established hygiene standards. Thus, the content of the sum of isomers and DDT metabolites in soil samples taken in the northern direction from the composition is 2.18 - 30.38 mg / kg of soil, which exceeds the MPC by 21.8 - 303.8 times. In general, there is a tendency for a gradual reduction of contamination by organochlorine pesticide residues as far as the separation from the composition, however, even at 100 m the content of the sum of isomers and metabolites of DDT exceeds the established hygienic norms, which requires additional inspections of the territory to establish limits of the contaminated zone. 2,4'-DDT was identified in a sample of soil, selected directly near the building of the warehouse (at 1 m), and significant samples (3-54 MAC) of 4,4'-DDT were found in all samples, which is a source, non-metabolized pesticide substance. High concentrations in the soil of 4,4'-DDT indicate the potential for pollution of the territory by persistent organochlorine pesticides and, consequently, toxic effects on the soil microflora, which causes inhibition of the microbiological decay of xenobiotics. The main part (about 62%) of the total amount of isomers and metabolites of DDT is the most stable metabolite of 4,4'-DDE. Its content in soil samples ranges from 1.32 mg / kg of soil at 100 m from the composition to 18.42 mg / kg of soil at 25 m from the composition of the pesticides. A similar situation regarding soil contamination with organochlorine pesticides is observed in the southern direction. Polychlorobiphenyls are compounds that are extremely stable in the environment. PCBs are among the globally distributed pollutants because of their high persistence and high utilization rates. In a layer of soil (0-20 cm), PCB was found at a concentration of 0.04 mg / kg at 50 m from the composition, to 0.37 mg / kg at 5 m from the composition. In the samples of the subterranean (20-40 cm) soil layer, the minimum values (0,01 mg / kg) were recorded at 50 m from the composition, the maximum value (0,10 mg / kg) at 5 m. The amounts of PCBs found indicate application in the past pesticides, which included polychlorinated biphenyls. Thus, the soils of the sanitary-protective zones of the composition of poison chemicals in the Stavishchensky district have a complex contamination with dangerous persistent organic pollutants (organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls).

Patient predictors of poor drug sensitive tuberculosis treatment outcomes in Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine

Background: Ukraine has high rates of poor treatment outcomes among drug sensitive tuberculosis (DSTB) patients, while global treatment success rates for DSTB remain high. We evaluated baseline patient factors as predictors of poor DSTB treatment outcomes. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of new drug sensitive pulmonary TB patients treated in Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine between November 2012 and October 2014. We defined good treatment outcomes as cure or completion and poor outcomes as death, default (lost to follow up) or treatment failure. We performed logistic regression analyses, using routine program data, to identify baseline patient factors associated with poor outcomes. Results: Among 302 patients, 193 (63.9%) experienced good treatment outcomes while 39 (12.9%) failed treatment, 34 (11.3%) died, and 30 (9.9%) were lost to follow up. In the multivariate analysis, HIV positive patients on anti-retroviral therapy (ART) [OR 3.50; 95% CI 1.46 – 8.42; p 0.005] or without ART (OR 4.12; 95% CI 1.36 – 12.43; p 0.01) were at increased risk of poor outcomes. Frequent alcohol use (OR 1.81; 95% CI 0.93 - 3.55; p 0.08) and smear positivity (OR 1.75; 95% CI 1.03 - 2.97; p 0.04) were also associated with poor treatment outcomes. Conclusions: High rates of poor outcomes among patients with newly diagnosed drug sensitive TB in Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine highlight the urgent need for programmatic interventions, especially aimed at patients with the highest risk of poor outcomes.

Patient predictors of poor drug sensitive tuberculosis treatment outcomes in Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine

Background: Ukraine has high rates of poor treatment outcomes among drug sensitive tuberculosis (DSTB) patients, while global treatment success rates for DSTB remain high. We evaluated baseline patient factors as predictors of poor DSTB treatment outcomes. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of new drug sensitive pulmonary TB patients treated in Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine between November 2012 and October 2014. We defined good treatment outcomes as cure or completion and poor outcomes as death, default (lost to follow up) or treatment failure. We performed logistic regression analyses, using routine program data, to identify baseline patient factors associated with poor outcomes. Results: Among 302 patients, 193 (63.9%) experienced good treatment outcomes while 39 (12.9%) failed treatment, 34 (11.3%) died, and 30 (9.9%) were lost to follow up. In the multivariate analysis, HIV positive patients on anti-retroviral therapy (ART) [OR 3.50; 95% CI 1.46 – 8.42; p 0.005] or without ART (OR 4.12; 95% CI 1.36 – 12.43; p 0.01) were at increased risk of poor outcomes. Smear positivity (OR 1.75; 95% CI 1.03 - 2.97; p 0.04) was also associated with poor treatment outcomes. Conclusions: High rates of poor outcomes among patients with newly diagnosed drug sensitive TB in Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine highlight the urgent need for programmatic interventions, especially aimed at patients with the highest risk of poor outcomes.

Detection of virulence genes and plasmid replicons in Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, which were allocated during 2014–2017 on the territory of Ukraine

The article presents the results of the identification of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes, as well as plasmid replicons in isolates of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, which were isolated on the territory of Ukraine during 2014–2017. Also, plasmid replicons were identified for further determination of the type of plasmids contained in the genome of the isolates. The ability of Salmonella to obtain new properties is well known. The most common way is gaining of genetic information as a result of conjugation. In this case, genes encoding factors of pathogenicity, adhesion, virulence, or antibiotic resistance are localized on mobile genetic elements: replicons, transposons, or plasmids. The purpose of the work was to investigate isolates for the presence of genes of virulence, antibiotic resistance and replicons of plasmids in 50 isolates of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, isolated during 2014–2017 in Ukraine. The research was carried out by polymerase chain reaction with primers for 10 target genes/loci (invA, agfB, sefA, prt, sul1, 5'-3'CS, tetG, pN, pFIA, pFIIA) followed by visualization in agarose gel electrophoresis. It was found that 100% of all strains (50/50) had invA and agfB genes. SefA and prt genes were identified in 44% (22/50) and 58% (29/50) isolates, respectively. The sulfonamide resistance gene sul1 was detected in only four isolates, including 2 S. enteritidis isolates from Odesa and Kyiv oblasts, one isolate S. Virchow, and one unidentified isolate. The resistance gene for tetG tetracyclines was found only in 34% of isolates (17/50). The conservative sequence of integron In104 was detected in 52% of isolates (26/50). Replicon plasmid pN was detected in 68% of isolates (34/50), pFIIA – in 44% (22/50). Replicon pFIA is found in 8% (4/50) isolates. Solving the problem of non-typhoid salmonellosis is possible by controlling the epidemiological and epizootiological situation. According to WHO, more than 90 million cases of non-typhoid infection are reported annually. The cause of disease were mostly Enteritidis and Typhimurium. The variety and widespread distribution of salmonella is due primarily to their ability to adapt to the organism that they infect. The results obtained are important for determining the pathogenicity of isolates circulating in a particular area, as well as expanding the possibilities for tracking the source of infection.

Забруднення 137Cs деревної золи у північних районах Житомирської області

Due to changes in the economic situation in Ukraine, high cost for many segments of the population of natural gas and electricity, residents of different regions are switching to the use of fuel wood of local origin for heating buildings and meeting other economic needs. Today, the process of harvesting fuel wood is often completely spontaneous, that is, the population carries wood harvesting in any accessible places, ignoring the possible negative consequences. The given problem in the absence of state regulation, in addition to the legal aspect, is complicated by the radioactive contamination of forest lands in which uncontrolled harvesting by the population of fuel wood with unknown levels of radionuclide content is carried out. This problem is especially relevant in the Polissya regions of Ukraine, whose forest areas have suffered from the largest radioactive contamination as a result of the Chernobyl accident. Thus, the area of forests with a density of soil contamination with 137 Cs of above 37 kBq / m 2 , in which restrictions on forest use were introduced in Zhytomyr, Rivne, Kyiv oblasts, respectively, accounted for 60%, 56%, 52%, and in the Volyn and Chernihiv oblasts such plantations accounted for about 20% of the total area of the forest fund. Today, the bulk of wood products (fuelwood) does not exceed GNPAR-2005 by 137 Cs (600 Bq / kg) and 90 Sr (60 Bq / kg), but the situation may change for some of the territories contaminated with radionuclides (the northern part of Zhytomyr and Kyiv oblasts) , because in recent years the accumulation dynamics of 137 Cs has negative tendencies for all wood species, an increase in the activity of 137 Cs in the majority of the components of the woodland and the growth of the total content of radionuclides in the wood is observed. As a result of the increase in radioactive contamination of forest stands, the risk of fuel wood harvesting with the levels exceeding GNPAR-2005 by 137 Cs and 90 Sr content has increased recently in the Polissya region of Ukraine, and cases of use of heating fuel for private fuel wood buildings with significant levels of radionuclide contamination are increasing. Wood is a relatively low-salt fuel, the average values of ash content of wood in most of the rocks are in the range of 0.3-1%, therefore, when burning contaminated with radionuclides of wood, because of low ash content of this fuel, the concentration of radionuclides in the mineral part of the waste (ash) is increased with the increase of the specific activity of ash in 50-100 times in comparison with the specific activity of the original wood. Results of the study of contamination level of wood ash with 137 Cs in private farms of settlements in the northern part of Zhytomyr region, performed in 2017, have been analyzed. As a result of the analysis of 154 samples by the gamma spectrometry method, it was found that the 137 Cs specific activity ranged from 170 to 32900 Bq/kg in wood ash, formed during the burning of contaminated wood fuel in wood-fired ovens in private farms of this region. Generalized data on relative distribution of the wood ash samples of the studied settlements by the value of 137 Cs specific activity is presented in the article. According to the Basic Sanitary Rules of Ukraine-2005, using 137 Cs specific activity as a criterion, 9 % of the total number of ash samples, collected in private farms of the monitoring network, can be considered as low-level radioactive waste, in particular: 3.9 % of ash samples, collected in the Bigunsky Village Council; 7.1 % of ash samples, collected in the Mozharovsky Village Council; 7.7 % of ash samples, collected in the Pischanitsky Village Council and 22.7 % of ash samples, collected in Narodychi town. Obtained data indicate that contaminated with radionuclides wood ash is an additional factor of radiation hazard, since it is a potential source of additional external and internal exposure for local population. Key words : wood ash, 137 Cs, specific activity, radioactive waste

Use of iodine preparation in rabbit breeding

The territory of Ukraine is unique area in terms of iodine, which indicates the need for daily additional consumption of iodine along with the foodstuff. The major products applied for iodine deficiency prevention include salt and water optimized in terms of iodine and another microelements content. The thesis objective is to study influence of Iodis-Concentrate® preparation on rabbit meat quality parameters. Our aim was to find out the amino acid composition, the fatty-acid composition and mineral composition, as well as the iodine content in rabbit meat. There were two groups of two months old laboratory rabbits formed: the stud and control group (5 rabbits in each group). The rabbits of the control group were watered with the water taken from the well located in Obukhiv, Kyiv Oblast, while the rabbits of the study group were watered with the same water, although adding Iodis-Concentrate Preparation in the dosage of 0.35 mg/kg. In terms of organoleptic, physical and chemical indices, the rabbit meat corresponded to the fresh meat. The amino acid composition of the rabbit meat in the study and control group was slightly different. Subject to watering the rabbits with potable water with Iodis-Concentrate preparation added, the contents of certain indispensable and dispensable amino acids, and the aggregate contents thereof slightly increased, however, no trustworthy difference was recorded . No abnormal ratio of indispensable and dispensable amino acids was recorded . The biological value of the rabbit meat is preserved. As regards the fatty acids content, the meat of rabbits treated with Iodis-Concentrate preparation contained more fatty acids, as follows: lauric acid, myristic acid, Cys-10 heptadecenoic acid, elaidic acid, oleine acid, linolic acid, linolenic acid, Cys-11- eicosenic acid, Cys-8, 11,14- eicosatrienoic acid, Eicosatetraenoic acid, as compared to the control parameters, which indicates stimulation of lipid metabolism. During studying the influence of Iodis-Concentrate preparation on rabbit meat composition, the trustworthy high contents of the following microelements and microelements was ascertained: aluminum, calcium, chrome, ferrum, magnesium, manganese, natrium, strontium, and zinc. In the meat of rabbits treated with Iodis-Concentrate preparation, the researcher unveiled twice higher contents of iodine as compared to the performance in the control group of rabbits.

Remote monitoring of the state of winter wheat during the spring-summer vegetation of 2016 year, by using vegetation indices of Sentinel-2A satellite (case study by foreststeppe area of Ukraine)

The spectral vegetation indices NDVI (842, 665), NDVI (740, 665) and GreenNDVI received from the survey data of new generation satellite Sentinel2A, were analyzed in publication for studying the vegetation of two cultivars of winter wheat, grown up of crops production for the harvest in 2016 year of Grain Alliance Ukraine (Berezan, Kyiv oblast, Ukraine).

ECONOMIC EFFECTIVENESS OF INVESTMENT IN BIOENERGETIC CULTURE GROWING IN THE ZONES OF FOREST OF UKRAINE

Introduction. One of the most promising areas of renewable energy development is the use of biomass energy. It contributes to the economy of traditional fuels and does not increase the global greenhouse effect. However, insufficient economic efficiency of obtaining energy from biomass under the current conditions necessitates the state's "paternalism" to the bioenergy industry. Purpose. The article aims to carry out an economic assessment of the effectiveness of investing in the cultivation of highly productive energy crops (giant miscanthus and energy willow) using modern technologies under the conditions of the Ukrainian forest-steppe. Method. The research was conducted during 2012-2016 on the basis of experimental energy plantations in Ternopil, Volyn and Kyiv oblasts. The assessment of the effectiveness of investment in bioenergy crops is based on a set of criteria: net discounted profit (NPV), investment profitability index (PI), internal rate of return (IRR), discounted payback period (DPP). Results. It has been established that on plantations of willow, the volume of dry biomass on average over the five-year period of research amounted to 27,3 t · ha-1, and to the miscanthus - 25,3 t · ha-1. Accordingly, the energy output per unit area was somewhat higher in energy willow (573.3 GJ · ha-1 versus 516.2 GJ · ha-1). Willow and miscanthus are characterized by high-energy coefficients compared with other bioenergy crops, which can reach values 54.3 and 55. It indicates the significant energy efficiency of investing in the cultivation of these crops. The analysis of the sensitivity of bioenergy projects has found out that the most significant NPV investment in the plantation of the miscanthus can be influenced by the volatility of the productivity of the crop, the price of biofuels and planting material, and for the willow plantation - fluctuations in the yield of biomass, its price and discount rate. The estimation of the investment efficiency in the bio-energy plantations of the miscanthus and willows has revealed the need to work out state programs of financial support for the creation of plantations of bioenergy crops and legislative mechanisms for their implementation.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ СПЕЦИФІКИ В’ЇЗДНОГО ТУРИЗМУ В УКРАЇНІ

The purpose of the work is to study the specifics of entry tourism in Ukraine. The research methodology is based on the information material presented at government institutions (State Statistics Service of Ukraine, Kyiv Oblast State Administration, etc.). In the process of research, statistical, analytical, comparative methods (tabular, graphical) were used. As a result of the conducted studies, the current state and dynamics of international arrivals in Ukraine was considered. Diversification of foreign citizens for the purpose of entry to Ukraine is shown. The indicators of the largest importing countries of tourist flows to Ukraine are analyzed. Considered the dynamics of incomes from international arrivals. The scientific novelty is the study of the current state of inbound tourism in Ukraine. The practical significance lies in the forecasting and planning of tourism activities, the use of research materials in the educational process in the training of tourism professionals.

VARIABILITY OF POPULATION GENDER AND AGE COMPOSITION IN AREAS WITH THE MOST INTENSIVE RADIOLOGICAL CONTAMINATION IN UKRAINE.

Assay of contemporary structure and age composition of population in the areas of the country desig-nated as ones of the most intensive radiological contamination after the Chornobyl NPP accident.Study object. Population of the most intensively contaminated areas of Ukraine, i.e. Korosten, Narodychi, Ovruchand Olevsk regions of Zhytomyr oblast, Ivankiv and Poliske regions of Kyiv oblast, Rokytne and Sarny regions of Rivneoblast, Kozelets and Ripky regions of Chernihiv oblast. Entire population of Ukraine was the control. The State statistical services of Ukraine and their regional offices were the study informa-tion base regarding the distribution of permanent population by gender and age as of 01.01.2017. Demographic,mathematical and statistical, graphical and technological software methods and tools we applied. An excess of males over females from birth up to 35 years old is found in Ukraine. Similar gender imbal-ance was observed only in Olevsk region. In other age groups, high or very high disproportion in age compositionbeing the most pronounced after 65 years old remains in favor of females, except villages in Sarny region. An aver-age age of population in Ripky (45.9 years), Kozelets (44.5 years), Korosten (42.5 years), Ovruch (42.3 years) andNarodichi (42.2 years) regions was higher vs. the entire Ukraine (41.1 years). The lowest age at that was in Rokytne(30.9 years) and Sarny (33.8 years) regions. The age difference between males and females was from 3.6 years inSarny region to 7.7 years in Ripky region.Сonclusion. There are some differences in age composition of population of the contaminated areas of Ukraine.Rokytne, Sarny, Olevsk and Poliske regions feature the best potential of demographic replacement in the foreseeablefuture. Areas of radiological contamination are different in patterns of population replacement, i.e. progressive, sta-tionary of regressive. The number of children under 15 years old exceeds there the size of population older thanworking age.

Patient predictors of poor drug sensitive tuberculosis treatment outcomes in Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine

Background: Ukraine has high rates of poor treatment outcomes among drug sensitive tuberculosis (DSTB) patients, while global treatment success rates for DSTB remain high. We evaluated baseline patient factors as predictors of poor DSTB treatment outcomes. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of new drug sensitive pulmonary TB patients treated in Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine between November 2012 and October 2014. We defined good treatment outcomes as cure or completion and poor outcomes as death, default or treatment failure. We performed logistic regression analyses, using routine program data, to identify baseline patient factors associated with poor outcomes. Results: Among 302 patients, 193 (63.9%) experienced good treatment outcomes while 39 (12.9%) failed treatment, 34 (11.3%) died, and 30 (9.9%) defaulted. In the multivariate analysis, HIV positive patients on anti-retroviral therapy (ART) [OR 3.50; 95% CI 1.46 – 8.42; p 0.005] or without ART (OR 4.12; 95% CI 1.36 – 12.43; p 0.01) were at increased risk of poor outcomes. Alcohol abuse (OR 1.81; 95% CI 0.93 - 3.55; p 0.08) and smear positivity (OR 1.75; 95% CI 1.03 - 2.97; p 0.04) were also associated with poor treatment outcomes. Conclusions: High rates of poor outcomes among patients with newly diagnosed drug sensitive TB in Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine highlight the urgent need for programmatic interventions, especially aimed at patients with the highest risk of poor outcomes.

Monitoring of Brucellosis in Agricultural Animals in Ukraine During 2013-2015

ObjectiveAnalysis of brucellosis monitoring in agricultural animals inUkraine to control epizootic situation and prevent possible brucellosisin humans.IntroductionBrucellosis is one of the most widespread zoonosis in the world.Only 17 countries informed WHO that their territory is free frombrucellosis. About 500 thousand cases of brucellosis in humansare registered in the world each year. The problem of brucellosishas remained actual to agriculture and health care for many years.Almost all agricultural animals are highly susceptible to brucellosis.Socio-economic significance of brucellosis problem is determined bypeculiarities of the course of the disease and the main contingent thatcan be infected, namely the working population that is connected withboth professional factors and social reasons. Brucellosis is a chronicinfectious disease. The disease in animals has the following signs:abortions and retention of secundines, orchitis, unviable litter andsterility. Brucellosis is included to the list of quarantine diseases dueto its social threat.MethodsStudies of blood sera of cattle, small ruminants, horses and pigsfrom different Ukrainian regions that were selected during the annualspring clinical examination in 2013-2015. The following serologicalmethods were used for the studies: complement-fixation test (CFT),agglutination reaction (AR), Rose Bengal test (RBT), prolongedcomplement fixation test (PCFT).ResultsCurrently, Ukraine is free from brucellosis of animals. The lastbrucellosis case in pigs was registered in 2008 in Odesa Oblast.The last case of brucellosis in cattle in Ukraine was registered in 1992.According to the Ministry of Health, a case of brucellosis inhumans is registered in Ukraine almost every year.Annual serological brucellosis studies of servicing bulls, cows,heifers older than one year, horses, stud rams, ewes, boars and sowsare held once a year in Ukraine.During 2013-2015, the monitoring serological brucellosis studies ofblood sera from cattle, small ruminants, horses and pigs from differentfarms in 25 oblasts of Ukraine were conducted at State Laboratoriesof Veterinary Medicine and State Scientific and Research Institute ofLaboratory Diagnostics and Veterinary and Sanitary Expertise.Table 1. Serological research resultsIn 2013, seropositive results were obtained in AR Crimea – sixcases in cattle, Dnipropetrovsk oblast - 12, Kyiv oblast – 31, Sumyoblast – 118, and Luhansk oblast – 25 using AR and RBT techniques.In small ruminants, seropositive results were determined in Luhanskoblast – 26 animals (AR). Testing pigs by RBT showed the followingpositive results: 82 animals in Dnipropetrovsk oblast, 16 in Luhansk,and 1 in Sumy oblast. Twenty seven horses were detected positive byRBT in Luhansk oblast.Fig. 1. Brucellosis monitoring results, 2013In 2014, seropositive results in cattle were received in Kyiv (20),Dnipropetrovsk (28), Sumy (66), Chernihiv (37) and Zhytomyr (2)oblasts using AR, RBT, and CFT. AR tests were positive for onesmall ruminant in Dnipropetrovsk and for three in Sumy oblasts. Fiveseropositive pigs were found in Sumy oblast using RBT.Fig. 2. Brucellosis monitoring results, 2014In 2015, seropositive results (AR, RBT, and CFT) in cattle wereobtained in Sumy (8 animals), Dnipropetrovsk (34), and Chernihiv(10) oblasts. For small ruminants, one seropositive animal was foundin Dnipropetrovsk and three in Sumy oblasts using AR. EmployingRBT, one pig was diagnosed in Dnipropetrovsk oblast. Two horseswere found positive using RBT and AR in Sumy oblast.Fig. 3. Brucellosis monitoring results, 2015The seropositive animals were destroyed. Bacteriological studieswere not conducted.Conclusions1. During the studies of blood sera of agricultural animals fromdifferent Ukrainian regions, positive results were obtained in 7 oblastsof Ukraine indicating a possible circulation of the causative agent ofbrucellosis.2. Studies need the in-depth analysis that must includebacteriological testing of seropositive animals.

Risk factors for poor multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment outcomes in Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine

BackgroundUkraine is among ten countries with the highest burden of multidrug- resistant TB (MDR-TB) worldwide. Treatment success rates for MDR-TB in Ukraine remain below global success rates as reported by the World Health Organization. Few studies have evaluated predictors of poor MDR-TB outcomes in Ukraine.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of patients initiated on MDR-TB treatment in the Kyiv Oblast of Ukraine between January 01, 2012 and March 31st, 2015. We defined good treatment outcomes as cure or completion and categorized poor outcomes among those who died, failed treatment or defaulted. We used logistic regression analyses to identify baseline patient characteristics associated with poor MDR-TB treatment outcomes.ResultsAmong 360 patients, 65 (18.1%) achieved treatment cure or completion while 131 (36.4%) died, 115 (31.9%) defaulted, and 37 (10.3%) failed treatment. In the multivariate analysis, the strongest baseline predictors of poor outcomes were HIV infection without anti-retroviral therapy (ART) initiation (aOR 10.07; 95% CI 1.20–84.45; p 0.03) and presence of extensively-drug resistant TB (aOR 9.19; 95% CI 1.17–72.06; p 0.03). HIV-positive patients initiated on ART were not at increased risk of poor outcomes (aOR 1.43; 95% CI 0.58–3.54; p 0.44). There was no statistically significant difference in risk of poor outcomes among patients who received baseline molecular testing with Gene Xpert compared to those who were not tested (aOR 1.31; 95% CI 0.63–2.73).ConclusionsRigorous compliance with national guidelines recommending prompt initiation of ART among HIV/TB co-infected patients and use of drug susceptibility testing results to construct treatment regimens can have a major impact on improving MDR-TB treatment outcomes in Ukraine.