Kyanite Ore Research Articles

KYANITE ORES IN THE KHIZOVAARA ORE FIELD, NORTH KARELIA

A succession in the practical applications of kyanite ores from being a natural source of aluminium to a high-alumina industrial mineral used for manufacturing refractory, nonstick and special ceramic materials is explained. All stages of research up to the discovery of polygenic and polychronous kyanite ores in the industrial Khizovaara Kyanite Field are described. The Khizovaara Structure of the North Karelian Greenstone Province has become an experimental ground for summarizing the available data on the morphogenetic types and dressing technology of kyanite ores. The main locality, known as the Yuzhnaya Lens, consisting of six large metamorphogenic-metasomatic and metasomatic bodies, is described in detail. The Khizovaara Structure new serves as the standard for the geodynamic model of the formation of greenstone belts of the North Karelian type based on our knowledge of terrain tectonics, with the application of the results on the geochemical types of igneous rocks and isotope-geochronological studies conducted by Е. V. Bibikova, V. N. Kozhevnikov, А. V. Samsonov, А. I. Slabunov, А. А. Shchipansky and others. S. А. Bushmin and V. А. Glebovitsky have revealed the thermodynamic regimes of metamorphism and various metasomatic processes ranging from acid leaching to alkaline metasomatism. The ore field was described geologically, technologically and economically by V. V. Shchiptsov et al. A summary is provided of the results of longterm studies on the technological mineralogy of kyanites, their enrichment by flotation, and the related market analysis carried out at the Institute of Geology KarRC RAS. There is a shortage of refractory materials based on high-alumina raw materials in various industries. Therefore, the raw materials potential should be augmented. Kyanite is a material belonging to the 21st century. Russia’s kyanite potential is largely associated with the Karelian Region.

On the history of mineralogenic studies and development of Arctic Karelia

The paper focuses on the mineral resources of the Karelian Arctic. Arctic districts are linked to the White Sea. The White Sea is connected via the White Sea-Baltic Channell with the Baltic, Caspian and Black seas. All the above districts have state railways and highways connecting Karelia with South and North Russia. A retrospective review of the history of research and mastering of mineral resources is given. The current state of mineral raw base of the northern regions of Karelia is shown. The mineral potential of three areas in Arctic Karelia is of great value as there are many deposits and occurrences and a variety of mineral reserves and resources to be developed there. The Lopian epoch witnessed the formation of the deposits and ore occurrences of several ore formations: molybdenum-porphyry, gold-porphyry and others. Big noble-metal ore bodies in Olanga Group layered intrusions and similar but smaller-scale occurrences in the Kuzema lherzolite-gabbro-norite complex were formed in the Sumian epoch. The Svecofennian metallogenic epoch is mainly represented by rare-metal pegmatite formation and complex noble-metal occurrences in their aureoles and shear-zones. Garnet ores were formed in a favourable setting with medium-temperature high-pressure metamorphism and a great contribution of metasomatism associated with acid leaching under kyanite-muscovite- and quartz-muscovite-facies conditions. Kyanite is an industrial mineral used in the refractory and ceramic industries and aircraft motor production. In Russia, no kyanite ore deposits have been mined yet. Nizhnekotozero anorthosites from the Belomorian mobile belt are a new type of feldspar deposits. A pyroxenite-gabbro-alkaline formation with carbonatites is represented by the Yeletozero, Tikshozero and Vostochny massifs in North Karelia. It is proposed to develop a target program aimed at forming a state order for prospecting and appraisal, exploration deposits on precious and rare metals, industrial minerals.

Evaluation of sodium petroleum sulfonates with different molecular weights for flotation of kyanite ore

Evaluation of sodium petroleum sulfonates with different molecular weights for flotation of kyanite ore

Staurolite Shales for Mullite-Silica Carbidized Heat Insulation

Staurolite shales alongside kyanite shales are extensively developed in the central part of the Kola Peninsula. In addition, staurolite is waste during electromagnetic separation of kyanite ores, since it is classified as an undesirable impurity (high iron content). Use of this raw material increases the value of the Keiv kyanite deposit as a source of compound ores.

Rare and rare-earth elements in kyanite ores of Kola peninsula and the Urals

Rare and rare-earth elements in kyanite ores of Kola peninsula and the Urals

Dense Refractories Made from Carbidized Granules

The process of obtaining dense refractory materials based on carbidized granules of kyanite ore is examined. The materials are tested in a multilayered lining on an experimental unit. Relations are found for the dependence of the temperature of the cold surface of the lining on its thickness and the dependence of the heat-flux indices and equivalent thermal conductivity on the thickness of the granular layer composed of mullite-cordierite thermal insulation.

Совершенствование технологии обогащения кианитовых руд

Совершенствование технологии обогащения кианитовых руд

Flotation Separation of Nanyang Kyanite Ore

It is a developing trend for the refractory materials industry that producing refractories using the kyanite ore with minute amounts of titanium. The tests were conducted with an ore sample by a mechanical flotation cell. The isoelectric point of the kyanite ore was found to be pH 6.6. Petroleum sulfonate was found to be an effective collector for kyanite flotation. 55.85% Al2O3is produced with 84.41% kyanite recovery by grinding, desliming, reverse flotation and kyanite flotation.

Kyanite ore processing by carbochlorination

Kyanite, mullite and model kyanite ore carbochlorination processing was investigated in laboratory experiments and thermodynamics' calculations. The extraction of 94% alumina and silica takes place as a result of calcined kyanite carbochlorination at 1300°C for 90min at normal pressure. Kyanite processing into AlCl3+SiCl4 gas mixture is proposed for high purity alumina, nanodispersed silica and solar-grade silicon production.

Dry Beneficiation of Kyanite Ores

The beneficiation of kyanite ores by a new dry technology is studied. Compared to the flotation method, the method reduces energy consumption from 300 – 400 to 15 – 25 kWh/ton. Dry electroseparation has made it possible to obtain concentrates with an Al2O3 content of 59 – 60% while also producing pure quartz (“tailings”).

Heat-insulating mullite-cordierite materials made from staurolite

Staurolite is regarded as a waste product in the technology that is used to process kyanite ores. Studies were made of features of the carbothermic reduction of the ferruginous and alumosilicate parts of a charge containing staurolite concentrate. Reactions that take place in the system Al2O3–SiO2–FeO–C result in the in situ formation of silicon carbide and iron. After demagnetization, the alumosilicate-silicon-carbide material was used in a charge to obtain a heat-insulating mullite-cordierite refractory and a study was performed to determine the refractory’s properties.

Low Grade of Kyanite Ore Beneficiation Experimental Research in Xingtai

As high-grade refractories raw material，kyanite is widely used and the market demand is increasingly greater. To identify the process mineralogical properties of kyanite from Heibei so as to provide a mineralogical basis for its chemical composition, mineral constituent，ores texture and structure and so on. The results show that: the kyanite Al2O3 21.50%, SiO2 52.87%, using high intensity magnetic separation-gravity separation-flotation folwsheet. Experiments show that, the grinding fineness of -200 mush 65%, with strong intensity magnetic separation, magnetic concentrate by shaking the low intensity magnetic separation，we can get magnetite, garnet, biotite and phlogopite four concentrates, strong magnetic ore tailings consolidated by a rocking bed mud thrown first, refined through flotation, won Kyanite concentrate grading about 56.11% at a recovery of 49.90%.

Study on Process Mineralogy and Concentrating of a Certain Kyanite Ore in Xingtai

To identify the process mineralogical properties of kyanite from Heibei so as to provide a mineralogical basis for its chemical composition, mineral constituent，ores texture and structure and so on . The results show that: the kyanite Al2O3 21.50%, SiO2 52.87%, using high intensity magnetic separation —gravity separation— flotation folwsheet. Experiments show that, the grinding fineness of -0.074mm 65%, with strong intensity magnetic separation, magnetic concentrate by shaking the low intensity magnetic separation，we can get magnetite, garnet, biotite and phlogopite four concentrates, strong magnetic ore tailings consolidated by a rocking bed mud thrown first, refined through a coarse fine two shake, shake in after a rough featured a parted, won the 60.38% grade of Kyanite concentrate and 85% grade quartz ore.

Kyanite Ore Beneficiation Experimental Research in Hebei

As high-grade refractories raw material，kyanite is widely used and the market demand is increasingly greater. The kyanite in Hebei is complicated，main chemical composition is SiO252.87％、A120321.14％. The result of investigation on mineral processing technology show that desliming has a great influence on kyanite, especially acid process, the suitable lower limit particle size for desliming is 20μm. Magnetic separation process may remove iron-bearing minerals，and the iron removal rate is 87.78％．The optimum condition for magnetic separation is magnetic field conditions 1.0T. Base on the research, we can get concentrate with a grade of A120358.37% and a recovery of A120356.02% if we adopt magnetic separation and flotation technology.

Carbidized heat insulation materials from kyanite ore

Heat insulation material is prepared with density 600 kg/m3, 76 % porosity, and thermal conductivity0.153 W/(m·K), based on highgrade kyanite ore that may be used as a structural material for aluminosilicate lining. Low density and thermal conductivity, high porosity for objects made from this material, compared with objects according to GOST 52803–2007 “Refractory heat insulation objects,” is achieved with introduction of elementary silicon and ammonium chloride into a charge based on kyanite ore granules, previously fired under reducing conditions.

An investigation of aspects of mine waste from a kyanite mine, Central Virginia, USA

Kyanite Mining Corporation, located in Dillwyn, Virginia has been in operation for over 50 years and their local operation is the largest kyanite mine in the world. As part of the processing at this location, a magnetic separate is generated and a minimum estimation of 3.57 million tons of waste has accumulated. Currently no use for the magnetic separate has been identified. We investigated eight representative samples of the magnetic mine waste which varied in color from a dark tan to black, to determine if the waste could be recycled as an ore or could be used as an environmental media. Mineralogical investigations indicate the composition of the magnetic mine waste is dominated by magnetite, kyanite, lesser amounts of hematite and charcoal. Magnetite occurs as fine grained crystals and as inclusions in kyanite. Hematite occurs largely as botryoidal textures, as discrete grains, and as coatings on kyanite grains. Fe-oxide spheres ranging in diameter from approximately 5–100 µm are common and may compose up to 10% in some samples. Titanium dioxide was rarely observed as coatings on silicate mineral grains. Energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis on magnetite crystals indicates they have end-member compositions. Bulk property investigations indicate that grain size distributions of samples are primarily unimodal with 20–40% of material being between 0.600 and 0.250 mm. Hydraulic conductivity values of samples investigated vary between 0.0036 and 0.0077 cm/s and are broadly consistent with those expected of sands with similar grain size distributions. In addition to the magnetic waste stream a light blue, water soluble, amorphous Cu sulfate occurs as a coating on surfaces of boulders. The coating is composed of rounded interlocking particles 5–60 μm in diameter. This material is of some environmental concern for freshwater invertebrates, but can be managed using sorption media. Hyperspectral data were gathered of the magnetic separate, kyanite ore samples, and the light blue Cu sulfate. The signatures of the kyanite ore, the blue mineral coating, and a mixture of the two provide spectral fingerprints that an imaging spectrometer could exploit for rapid detection and subsequent environmental monitoring.

The beneficiation of Bitlis Massif kyanite ore for use in ceramic materials

A beneficiation procedure for possible refractory uses of Bitlis Massif (Turkey) kyanite ore has been developed and involves grinding to d80 = 0˙106 mm, de-sliming, mica flotation, iron oxide flotation and kyanite flotation. A concentrate containing 56˙5% Al2 O3, 39˙01% SiO2, 0˙8% Fe2 O3, 0˙18% TiO2, 0˙09% Na2 O, 0˙1% K2 O and 0˙02% MgO was obtained at a mass recovery of 51˙14% ± 0˙25%. This conforms to both the chemical and size specifications for ceramic uses required to meet American and Chinese standards.

Beneficiation of fine fractions of kyanite ore in ferromagnetic suspension

Beneficiation of fine fractions of kyanite ore in ferromagnetic suspension

Quantitative Determination of Kyanite in Kyanite Ores by X-Ray Diffraction

AbstractThe amount of kyanite in samples obtained from magnetic and density separations of a kyanite ore was established by a quantitative X-ray diffraction procedure employing an internal standard. The accuracy of the results at low kyanite levels was improved by adding pure kyanite to the samples, analyzing these mixtures and extrapolating back to the lower level. The results were verified by X-ray diffraction analyses of synthetic mixtures containing amounts of kyanite approximately equal to that indicated in the ore samples. The percentage of error is estimated to be ±3per cent of the amount present in the range of 20 to 80 per cent kyanite.