KY Jelly Research Articles

Efficacy comparison of various oxygen lnhibition layer (OIL) minimizing agents on composite resin by analysis of two different physical properties

Introduction: Composite resins are the most common restorative materials that are used these days and have been radically improving over the past few years. Their polymerisation reaction can be inhibited during light-curing due to the oxygen presence in atmosphere. Aim/objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate effect of different air inhibition coating strategies on composite resin material in terms of hardness and discolouration. Material and Methodology: Composite discs of 6.5 X 2mm were prepared for samples which were cured under a) 0.5mm thick mylar strip b) thin layer of glycerine c) layer of KY jelly (commercial lubricant) d) air cure. These samples were dipped in cola, turmeric milk, coffee and distilled water for 14 days. Spectrophotometric analysis was done to assess the colour change and Vicker’s hardness test for assessment of the hardness. Statistical analysis was done and the results were concluded. Results: The results were analyzed with ANOVA one-way test followed by Student Newman-Keul test. Moreover, multiple comparisons of means were performed using the Student t-test (p<0.05). Conclusion: Presence of Oxygen inhibition layer(OIL) on surface layer of composite affected the specimens adversely by reducing the microhardness and increasing instability of colour.

To compare the efficacy of application of bethamethasone gel with KY jelly for prophylaxis of post operative sore throat

Post operative sore throat(POST), cough and hoarseness of voice though minor sequelae after tracheal extubation can be distressing to the patients, and is not an uncommon complaint, it adversely affects the patient satisfaction and activities after discharge.A comparative study was conducted to see the incidence of post operative sore throat after tracheal extubation after applying betamethasone gel(Group 1) and KY jelly(Group2) on the cuff of the tracheal tube in patients undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia. POST was assessed at rest and with efforts like swallowing and talking at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 hrs post operatively.The incidence of POST was significantly lower in the betamethasone group when compared to KY jelly group.From our study we can conclude that application of betamethasone gel on the cuff of ETT decreases the incidence of POST after tracheal extubation. Severity of sore throat is assessed using VAS score and found that POST was severe in ky jelly group when compared with betamethasone group.

Effect of commercial vaginal products on the growth of uropathogenic and commensal vaginal bacteria

Half of postmenopausal women experience genitourinary syndrome of menopause, for which many use lubricating vaginal products. The effect of vaginal products on uropathogenic and commensal vaginal bacteria is poorly understood. We evaluated the effect of five common vaginal products (KY Jelly, Replens Silky Smooth lubricant, coconut oil, Replens Long-Lasting moisturizer or Trimo-San) on growth and viability of Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus crispatus. Bacteria were co-cultured products alone and in the presence of both vaginal epithelial cells and selected products. Bacterial growth was compared between conditions using an unpaired t-test or ANOVA, as appropriate. All products except for coconut oil significantly inhibited growth of laboratory and clinical strains of Escherichia coli (p < 0.02). Only two products (Replens Long-Lasting moisturizer and Trimo-San) significantly inhibited growth of Lactobacillus crispatus (p < 0.01), while the product Replens Silky Smooth stimulated growth (p < 0.01). Co-culture of selected products in the presence of vaginal epithelial cells eliminated the inhibitory effects of the products on E. coli. In conclusion, in vitro exposure to vaginal moisturizing and lubricating products inhibited growth of Escherichia coli, though the inhibition was mitigated by the presence of vaginal epithelial cells. Lactobacillus crispatus demonstrated less growth inhibition than Escherichia coli.

Does Adding Various Accelerators to Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Have a Negatively Effect on Push-Out Bond Strength?

Objective: This study compares the effect of the white mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA) accelerators, including disodium hydrogen orthophosphate (Na₂HPO₄; 2.5 wt%), calcium chloride (CaCl₂; 5 and 10 wt%), and KY jelly, on the push-out bond strength of WMTA. The null hypothesis was that the WMTA accelerators would not affect the push-out bond strength of WMTA. Materials and Methods: Slices (2-mm-thick) were obtained from 75 human mandibular molar distal roots. The slices were enlarged up to size 6 Gates-Glidden burs to obtain a 1.5-mm canal diameter. The slices were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups and a control group (n = 15 in each group). Freshly prepared WMTA mixture was placed into the root slices and stored at 37°C in a 100% humidified atmosphere for 60 days. The force required to dislodge the WMTA cement from the root slice was determined using a universal testing machine. The push-out bond strength was calculated. Results: Push- out bond strength of 5- and 10-wt% CaCl₂, and 2.5-wt% Na₂HPO₄ WMTA groups was significantly lower than in the KY-jelly and control groups (p < 0.05). The mean push-out bond strength of KY jelly was lower than in the control group but not statistically significant. Conclusion: The addition of KY jelly to WMTA did not have an adverse effect on the push-out bond strength of WMTA, in contrast to the other accelerators, including Na₂HPO₄ and CaCl₂, which reduced the push-out bond strength.

Effects of lubrication on air-sealing performance of a pediatric cuffed tracheal tube

BackgroundLubrication of cuffed tracheal tubes (CTTs) reduces liquid leakage. However, it is not clear how cuff lubrication influences air leakage. We aimed to test the hypothesis that pretreatment with K-Y jelly, a water-soluble lubricant, would improve the air-sealing performance of pediatric CTTs in a model study.MethodsWe placed Parker Flex-Tip™ CTT with 4.0- and 5.0-mm internal diameter (ID) into a tracheal model with 9- and 12-mm ID. The tracheal model was connected to a test lung ventilated in pressure control mode. We compared three cuff lubrication conditions: none (N), water (W), and K-Y jelly (KY). We measured the leak airway pressure (LAWP), defined as the lowest peak airway pressure (PAWP) at which leakage was detected, with the fixed cuff pressure (CP) at 20 cmH2O and varied PAWP. We also measured the leak CP (LCP), defined as the highest CP at which leakage was detected, with fixed PAWP at 25 cmH2O and varied CP. We confirmed air leakage when an apparent elevation of oxygen concentration was detected above the cuff after changing the inspiratory gas from air to oxygen.ResultsFor both 4.0-mm ID and 5.0-mm ID endotracheal tubes, the KY group showed significantly higher LAWP and lower LCP than the other two groups. For the 4.0-mm ID, median values and ranges of LAWP and LCP were K-Y group: 25 (25) and 15 (15); N group: 5 (5) and 35 (35): and W group: 5 (5) and 35 (15–35) cmH2O. For the 5.0-mm ID, median values and ranges of LAWP and LCP were K-Y group: 25 (15–25) and 15 (15–35); N group: 5 (5) and 35 (35); and W group: 5 (5) and 35 (15–35) cmH2O. Water application did not change these outcomes compared with the N group.ConclusionPre-treatment of the cuff with K-Y jelly significantly improved the air-sealing performance of a pediatric CTT in our model study.

A comparison of betamethasone gel and lidocaine jelly as prophylaxis against intubation-associated throat complications

Background: Sore throat, cough and hoarseness of voice are common postoperative throat complications that follow general anaesthesia with tracheal intubation. Objective: This prospective study was designed to compare the efficacies of lidocaine jelly and betamethasone gel in the prevention of postoperative sore throat, cough and hoarseness after general anaesthesia with tracheal intubation. Materials andn Methods: Ninety ASA I and II consenting patients aged 18–65 years were recruited and randomly allocated into three groups of 30 each. The outer surface of the tracheal tube used in intubating patient was lubricated with one of three agents (2% lidocaine jelly, 0.05% betamethasone gel or KY jelly) from the distal tip of the tube to the 15 cm mark. The incidence and severity of sore throat, cough and hoarseness were then assessed by a blinded interviewer at the 6 th , 24 th and 48 th h postoperative. Results: The highest incidence of throat complaints was recorded during the first evaluation at the 6 th h postoperative. The incidence of sore throat was 36.7%, 66.7% and 80%; cough was 13.3%, 26.7% and 43.3%; and hoarseness was 23.3%, 30% and 46.7%, for the betamethasone, lidocaine and KY jelly groups, respectively. Betamethasone gel demonstrated significant superiority over lidocaine and KY jellies in the prevention of sore throat ( P = 0.002), cough ( P = 0.03) and hoarseness ( P = 0.03) throughout the study. Duration of tracheal intubation longer than 2 h was associated with significant increase in the incidence of throat complaints ( P Conclusion: Application of betamethasone gel on endotracheal tube effectively reduces incidence of postoperative sore throat, cough and hoarseness after tracheal intubation compared to lidocaine jelly.

Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Mixed with Normal Saline, Calcium Chloride or KY Jelly as Apical Plug in Simulated Open Apices: An In vitro Microleakage Study.

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) mixed with normal saline has short working time, delayed setting time, and poor consistency when used as an apical plug. A preliminary study suggested that substituting normal saline with KY Jelly or 5% calcium chloride (CaCl2) as a vehicle expedites the setting time of MTA. The present in vitro study compared the microleakage of ProRoot MTA mixed with normal saline (MS) to that of ProRoot MTA mixed with KY Jelly and/or 5% CaCl2 in simulated canals with open apices. Thirty six single-rooted extracted human teeth were cleaned and shaped with ProTaper rotary system to make 36 standardized artificially created open apices. Teeth were randomly divided into three experimental groups (n=10) and two control groups (n=3). In group 1, MTA was mixed with normal saline (MS) and placed into the canals to form 4 to 5 mm apical plugs. In group 2, MTA was mixed with 5% CaCl2 (MC) and in group 3, MTA was mixed with KY Jelly (MK). The other two groups served as positive and negative controls. The remaining canal spaces in the experimental groups were backfilled with thermoplasticized gutta-percha without sealer. Dye penetration and clearing was used to evaluate the sealing ability of each group. The samples were then examined under stereomicroscope to measure the microleakage of different MTA mixtures in mm. Data were statistically analyzed using One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for determination of normal distribution and then by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests to detect any significance. Positive and negative controls responded as expected. The MS group showed the least mean dye penetration value. There was a significant difference between MS with other groups (P<0.05) but no difference was found between MC and MK groups. Within the limitations of this in vitro study, we can conclude that among these three vehicles, normal saline mixed with ProRoot MTA has the least amount of microleakage in canals with open apices.

A Comparative Study of Smugel and KY Jelly Vaginal Lubricating Gels

Objective To assess the safety of Smugel compared with KY Jelly vaginal lubricatng gel in baboon (Papio anubis) vagina. Methods Ten sexually mature olive female baboons were used in this study. Vaginal pH, blood chemistry, vaginal flora, vaginal and cervical histology were evaluated at baseline and after administration of 15 ml of either Smugel or KY Jelly gel twice a week for 5 weeks to each randomized treatment group. Results Basal vaginal pH was 5.8 ± 0.8. There was no significant difference in the vaginal pH of Smugel compared with KY Jelly treated animals or baseline data ( P >0.05). Similarly, analysis of blood chemistry parameters revealed no significant differences. The most frequently isolated microorganisms both at baseline and during treatment included Corynebacterium glucuronolyticum, C. renale group, Lactococcus raffinolactis, Leuconostoc lactis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. fermentum, L. salivarius, Staphylococcus aureus, S. xyloxus, S. hyicus, Aerococus viridians, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. No detectable histological changes were observed in the vaginal or cervical sections examined. Conclusion Smugel, compared with KY Jelly did not induce any adverse event that may facilitate transmission of sexual transmitted infection (STI) pathogens including HIV.

Evaluation of over the counter vaginal lubricants Nonoxynol-9 and KY Jelly as potential inducer of proinflammatory cytokines in human immune cells

Topical microbicides such as Nonoxynol-9 (N9) and KY jelly have been used as vaginal microbicides in clinical trials as anti-HIV-1 products. The objective of this study was to determine if the use of these microbicides may cause production of proinflammatory cytokines in vitro. Such cytokines include, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interlukin-1β (IL-1β), interlukin-6 (IL-6), and Interlukin-8 (IL-8). Cellular viability was determined for the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and Macrophages by culturing them for 24 hours in the presence of serial dilutions of product or placebo. Product and placebo dilutions that gave culture viabilities of ≥ 60% compared to control cultures were considered to be nontoxic. The non-toxic dilutions were 1:100 for KY jelly in both PBMCs and Macrophages. Whereas, the non-toxic dilutions were 1:1000 for N9 in both PBMCs and Macrophages. The values of IL1β, TNF-α, were 0.1 &lt; 2.0 pg/mL for both PBMCs and macrophages. The levels of IL-8 ranged between 9-13 pg/mL and 12-16 pg/mL for PBMCs and macrophages, respectively. The levels of IL-6 were 0.11 g/mL and 0.019 pg/mL for PBMCs and macrophages, respectively. The results were not statistically significant in difference for IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 (p > 0.001) when N9 was compared to KY jelly. However, the results were significant when comparing N9 to KY jelly for TNF-α (p &lt; 0.001) production. The two microbicides tested in their non-toxic formulation in the two models of PBMCs and macrophages showed relatively low levels of IL-1b, TNF-α and IL-6. This indicated safety and low toxicity of these microbicide in terms of cytokines release. On the other hand, IL-8 has shown relatively higher levels in all microbicide tested in their non-toxic formulation.

Is Wetter Better? An Evaluation of Over-the-Counter Personal Lubricants for Safety and Anti-HIV-1 Activity

Because lubricants may decrease trauma during coitus, it is hypothesized that they could aid in the prevention of HIV acquisition. Therefore, safety and anti-HIV-1 activity of over-the-counter (OTC) aqueous- (n = 10), lipid- (n = 2), and silicone-based (n = 2) products were tested. The rheological properties of the lipid-based lubricants precluded testing with the exception of explant safety testing. Six aqueous-based gels were hyperosmolar, two were nearly iso-osmolar, and two were hypo-osmolar. Evaluation of the panel of products showed Gynol II (a spermicidal gel containing 2% nonoxynol-9), KY Jelly, and Replens were toxic to Lactobacillus. Two nearly iso-osmolar aqueous- and both silicone-based gels were not toxic toward epithelial cell lines or ectocervical or colorectal explant tissues. Hyperosmolar lubricants demonstrated reduction of tissue viability and epithelial fracture/sloughing while the nearly iso-osmolar and silicon-based lubricants showed no significant changes in tissue viability or epithelial modifications. While most of the lubricants had no measurable anti-HIV-1 activity, three lubricants which retained cell viability did demonstrate modest anti-HIV-1 activity in vitro. To determine if this would result in protection of mucosal tissue or conversely determine if the epithelial damage associated with the hyperosmolar lubricants increased HIV-1 infection ex vivo, ectocervical tissue was exposed to selected lubricants and then challenged with HIV-1. None of the lubricants that had a moderate to high therapeutic index protected the mucosal tissue. These results show hyperosmolar lubricant gels were associated with cellular toxicity and epithelial damage while showing no anti-viral activity. The two iso-osmolar lubricants, Good Clean Love and PRÉ, and both silicone-based lubricants, Female Condom 2 lubricant and Wet Platinum, were the safest in our testing algorithm.

Intravaginal practices and microbicide acceptability in Papua New Guinea: implications for HIV prevention in a moderate-prevalence setting

BackgroundThe acceptability of female-controlled biomedical prevention technologies has not been established in Papua New Guinea, the only country in the Pacific region experiencing a generalised, moderate-prevalence HIV epidemic. Socio-cultural factors likely to impact on future product uptake and effectiveness, such as women’s ability to negotiate safer sexual choices, and intravaginal hygiene and menstrual practices (IVP), remain unclear in this setting.MethodsA mixed-method qualitative study was conducted among women and men attending a sexual health clinic in Port Moresby. During in-depth interviews, participants used copies of a hand-drawn template to indicate how they wash/clean the vulva and/or vagina. Interviewers pre-filled commercially available vaginal applicators with 2-3mL KY Jelly® to create a surrogate vaginal microbicide product, which was demonstrated to study participants.ResultsA total of 28 IDIs were conducted (women=16; men=12). A diverse range of IVP were reported. The majority of women described washing the vulva only with soap and water as part of their daily routine; in preparation for sex; and following sexual intercourse. Several women described cleaning inside the vagina using fingers and soap at these same times. Others reported cleaning inside the vagina using a hose connected to a tap; using vaginal inserts, such as crushed garlic; customary menstrual ‘steaming’ practices; and the use of material fragments, cloth and newspaper to absorb menstrual blood. Unprotected sex during menstruation was common. The majority of both women and men said that they would use a vaginal microbicide gel for HIV/STI protection, should a safe and effective product become available. Microbicide use was considered most appropriate in ‘high-risk’ situations, such as sex with non-regular, transactional or commercial partners. Most women felt confident that they would be able to negotiate vaginal microbicide use with male sexual partners but if necessary would be prepared to use product covertly.ConclusionsNotional acceptability of a vaginal microbicide gel for HIV/STI prevention was high among both women and men. IVP were diverse in nature, socio-cultural dimensions and motivators. These factors are likely to impact on the future acceptability and uptake of vaginal microbicides and other biomedical HIV prevention technologies in this setting.

Good enough care?

![Formula][1] One wintry Sunday afternoon in the bad old days, I was part of the interview panel for prospective new partners in my husband's practice. We had just moved into the area and had no one we trusted to look after our 10-month old son, so he came with us. As I sat there in the consulting room, with number one son dibbling around behind me, the (eventually successful) candidate asked me if I minded that he was sucking the KY Jelly tube on the trolley. Not for the first time, the notion of the ‘good enough mother’ popped into my head. Donald Winnicott's ideas of being ‘good enough’ were my constant companion in the 1990s, kept the working-mother guilt at bay (just), and occasionally … [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif

Medical Education Impact Assessment: Knowledge of Final Year Medical Students of Obafemi Awolowo University about Male Urethral Catheterization

Urethral catheterization is one of the commonest procedures performed by doctors either for prophylactic, diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. The medical education impact of this procedure on graduating medical students was assessed using a structured questionnaire. This is a questionnaire--based study and the respondents were final year medical students who have completed their final examinations. There were 86 respondents with M:F ratio of 1. About a third of the respondents have not done urethral catheterization during their training while only 7% have done the procedure more than 5 times. All the students know that urethral catheterization is a sterile procedure and 96% knew that sterile gloves should be donned during the procedure. 92.4% of the respondents knew that skin preparation was necessary during the procedure with 75% of them responding that cetriomide and chlorhexidine solution was appropriate. 54% of the students used xylocaine as lubricant while 46% used KY Jelly. On the quantity of the lubricant for catheterization, only 2.7% of the respondents felt that 11-15 mls should be injected into the urethra. On the maximum amount of fluid to retain the balloon, only 36% of the students responded that it should be according to the specified capacity of the balloon. Majority of the students (88%) know that the catheter should get to the Y-junction before it is inflated. Most of the students in this study were taught appropriately the procedure of urethral catheterization; however about a third had not performed the procedure as a medical student.

Efficacy of topical recombinant human platelet derived growth factor on wound healing in patients with chronic diabetic lower limb ulcers

Lower extremity ulcers are a serious complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). These ulcers show decreased angiogenic response and production of growth factors. Recombinant human platelet derived growth factor (rhPDGF) has been found to decrease the time to healing. This study was conducted to evaluate its efficacy in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. A total of 50 patients with type 1 or type 2 DM and chronic ulcers, of at least 4 weeks duration, were studied. They were randomised into two groups, of 25 patients each. The patients in group 'A' (test group) received treatment with topical application of rhPDGF gel and those in group 'B' (control group) were treated with local application of KY Jelly as a placebo. A standardised regimen of good wound care was provided to both groups. Healing or reduction in size of the wound, over a period of 10 weeks after commencement of treatment was recorded. The mean age of the patients was 49.9 years in the control group and 56.2 years in test group. The median duration of ulcer at time of enrolment in the study was 6 weeks in control and 5 weeks in test group. Fifteen ulcers in control group belonged to IAET (International Association of Enterostomal Therapy) class III and 10 ulcers to class IV where as 16 ulcers were in IAET class III and 9 ulcers in IAET class IV in the test group. The mean size of the wounds was 26.5 ± 2.5 cm(2) in control group and 29.9 ± 3.4 cm2 in test group. All patients tolerated the test medication well. At the end of 10 weeks, 18 (72%) ulcers had healed in control group and 15 (60%) in test group (p > 0.05). Three ulcers in control group showed >75% reduction in size compared to 2 in the test group (p > 0.05). This study did not show any statistically significant improvement in ulcer healing rates after the use of topically applied rhPDGF.

Discomfort following transurethral cystoscopy and catheterization: effects of gender and topical steroids

Discomfort following transurethral cystoscopy and catheterization: effects of gender and topical steroids

Dilution of Microbicide Gels With Vaginal Fluid and Semen Simulants: Effect on Rheological Properties and Coating Flow

Microbicides are agents applied topically to the vagina to prevent HIV transmission. Microbicide products formulated as semi-solid dosage forms or "gels" coat vulnerable tissue to deliver active ingredients. Effective microbicide delivery vehicles must have appropriate rheological properties to ensure appropriate deployment in vivo. Microbicide products become diluted by fluids in the vagina after application; dilution affects vehicle rheological properties and mechanics of vaginal distribution, thus affecting efficacy. To simulate the changes that might occur after application, this study analyzed the effects of small dilutions (10-30%) with vaginal fluid and semen simulants on three semi-solid vaginal formulations: a cellulose lubricant (KY Jelly), a polyacrylic acid moisturizer (Replens), and a carrageenan prototype microbicide (Carraguard). Rheological behavior was characterized using cone-and-plate rheometry. Data were fitted to either the power-law, Carreau, or Herschel-Bulkley model. Rheological parameters from these fits were input to models of coating flow due squeezing, and the simulated area coated output from these models was used to compare the responses of the different formulations to the two diluents for varying degrees of dilution. There were differences in the responses of the three materials to dilution. Even small dilutions altered the rank order of vaginal coating rates compared to the undiluted formulations.

Phase I Safety Trial of Two Vaginal Microbicide Gels (Acidform or BufferGel) Used With a Diaphragm Compared to KY Jelly Used With a Diaphragm

To assess the safety and acceptability of 2 vaginal microbicide gels (Acidform and BufferGel) used with a diaphragm compared to KY Jelly used with a diaphragm among low-risk, sexually abstinent women. Eighty-one women enrolled in a randomized, masked, phase I safety study using a diaphragm with Acidform, BufferGel, or KY Jelly for 6 to 10 hours nightly for 14 nights. Physical examination, colposcopy, and lab studies were performed after 1 and 2 weeks of use. Diaries and questionnaires were used to assess user acceptability. Sixty-nine participants (85%) completed the study. Safety and acceptability appeared similar among the 3 study groups and no serious adverse events related to the study products were reported. Adverse events were mild and anticipated. Acidform and BufferGel compared to KY Jelly, when used with diaphragm daily for 14 days, appeared to be safe and acceptable in a small study of low-risk abstinent women.

Cement Selection for Cement‐Retained Crown Technique with Dental Implants

The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the retentive nature of common dental cements that have been adapted for use in the implant abutment cement-retained crown (CRC) technique with those specifically formulated for this purpose. Ten regular diameter implant analogs were embedded in stainless steel disks. Unmodified CRC abutments were attached and torqued to 30 Ncm. Test crowns were waxed and cast with base metal alloy. Castings were fitted, cleaned with aluminum oxide, and steam cleaned prior to application of the cement. The cements used were: (1) Temp Bond, (2) UltraTemp, regular, (3) UltraTemp firm, (4) ImProv with petroleum jelly coating of crown, (5) ImProv without petroleum jelly, (6) Premier Implant with KY Jelly coating of abutment, (7) Premier Implant without KY jelly, (8) TR-2, (9) Fleck's, (10) Ketac Cem Aplicap, and (11) Fuji Plus Capsule. After cementation, assemblies were stored for 24 hours. Each sample was subjected to a pull-out test using an Instron universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 5.0 mm/min. Loads required to remove the crowns were recorded, and mean values for each group determined. A one-way ANOVA and a post hoc least square difference (LSD) test were done for pairwise comparison at a confidence interval of 95%. The mean values (+/-SD) of loads at failure (n = 10) for various cements were as follows (N): Ultratemp, regular 358.6 (+/-38.2) (Group A), ImProv without petroleum jelly 172.4 (+/-59.6) (Group B), Fleck's 171.8 (+/-62.2) (Group B), Ketac Cem 167.8 (+/-69.1) (Group B), UltraTemp firm 158.8 (+/-62.7) (Group BC), Fuji Plus 147.5 (+/-69.7) (Group BC), Premier without KY jelly 131.6 (+/-31.8) (Group BC), ImProv using petroleum jelly 130.8 (+/-42.5) (Group BC), Temp Bond 117.8 (+/-48.3) (Group C), TR-2 41.2 (+/-16.6) (Group D), and Premier with KY jelly 31.6 (+/-24.8) (Group D). Groups with the same letter were not significantly different. Within the limitations of this in vitro study, it is not suggested that any one cement is better than another at retaining cement-retained crowns (CRCs) to implant abutments or that a threshold value must be accomplished to ensure retention. The ranking of cements presented is meant to be a discretionary guide for the clinician in deciding the amount of desired retention between castings and implant abutments.

Safety Trial of the Vaginal Microbicide Cellulose Sulfate Gel in HIV-Positive Men

Cellulose sulfate (CS) is a promising vaginal microbicide. Because men will be exposed to the microbicide when engaging in vaginal intercourse, safety and acceptability need to be assessed in men. This randomized double-blind phase I study assessed the safety and acceptability of seven consecutive daily doses of CS versus KY Jelly in 36 HIV-positive men. No new or worsening of existing genital findings were observed during the follow-up examination. Mild genital symptoms were reported in 42% of CS users (itching, burning, tingling, testicular pain, dysuria, and warm or cold feeling) and 8% of KY Jelly users. CS gel applied to the penis was well tolerated in this HIV-positive male population. The itching and burning symptoms were not severe and can be explained by the preservative benzyl alcohol present in the CS gel.

Cellular toxicity of mineral trioxide aggregate mixed with an alternative delivery vehicle

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) mixed with water has a short working time, delayed setting, and poor consistency. A preliminary study suggested that substituting KY Jelly as a mixing vehicle improves the working properties of MTA. The present study compared the biocompatibility of white MTA mixed with water or with KY Jelly to that of Fuji II cement and of silver amalgam. Periodontal ligament (PDL) cells were cultured using standard laboratory procedures. Cells were plated in wells at a density of 10,000 cells/well. The test materials were mixed and eluate placed in contact with the PDL cells. Cell viability was determined by measuring mitochondrial enzyme activity using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenytl)-2H-tetrazolium inner salt assay. Cytotoxicity was also measured in terms of cell lysis using the lactate dehydrogenase assay. The assays were completed in triplicate after time intervals of 24, 48, and 72 h. Mean cell counts were calculated and converted to a percentage of control results. A 2-way analysis of variance and Tukey honestly significant difference post-hoc test were performed to determine statistical significance. Eluate extractions from all materials caused significantly less cell viability and more cell death than control eluate (medium only) at all eluate time points tested. However, at 72 h the MTA/water, MTA/KY, and amalgam eluate extractions led to significantly better cell viability than the Fuji II eluates. However, there was significantly greater cell lysis for all eluates from the tested materials at 72 h than at 24 h. Within the limitations of this in vitro study, we conclude that MTA/KY, MTA/water, and amalgam have similar biocompatibility regarding effects of their eluates on human PDL cells, and eluates from all 3 materials demonstrate better biocompatibility than eluates derived from a resin-modified glass ionomer cement.