Kurdish Poets Research Articles

The Ideal Beloved in the Poems of Kurdish Poets of Īlam

The Ideal Beloved in the Poems of Kurdish Poets of Īlam

Nali in the conflict of dualism of words and meaning

Literature, as a aspect of human life and knowledge, has long turned to rhetoric and has not been able to speak without it, even as literature is often defined as a kind of expression that has a high rhetoric and is separated from people's normal speech because of this rhetoric. The writer or poet has always relied on the rhetorical arts that were common in their time, often measured and evaluated between the two products in the same era because of the rhetorical art that writers used in their texts. It seems that Kurdish literature, as one of the eastern literature, has had a great influence on Arabic rhetoric in two directions: the first is Arabic rhetoric through persians, meaning kurds, just as they have received other classical things from Persia, have demanded their rhetoric. Secondly, it was taken directly through the Arabs, and this direction had less effect, Rather, most Kurdish poets fall under the umbrella of the first direction, which does not mean that kurds have been unaware of the problems and conflicts between Arab speakers, on the contrary, Kurdish poets and writers have had a lot of information in this regard, and one of these poets is Mullah Khidir (Nali). The benefits and benefits of such research are that for the first time, such a subject should be discussed in a practical way and the extent of the negative effect of Arabic rhetoric should be expressed. Key words: (words, meanings, , jahz, gurgani, rhetoric).

Review of the book "Teşeyên Nezmê"

The article is a review of the book Teşeyên Nezmê by Professor Dr. Abdul Rahman Adak, published by Nûbihar Publishing House. The book consists of 638 pages. The book explains how Kurdish poets write their poems. He talks extensively about every type of poetry and shows many interesting poems by ancient poets of all Kurdish dialects. It can be said that the subject of the book is not limited only to the forms of poetry composition, but rather it is a selection and description of ancient Kurdish poets, because the book contains interesting information and examples about each of the poets. The book also uses a scientific approach to talk about the relationship of Kurdish poetry to Persian, Arab, and Turkish poetry, and shows the specificity of Kurdish poetry, so it is possible to benefit from the scientific information contained in this book about Islamic literature generally.

A Comparative Analysis of the Concepts of War in the Poetry of Thomas Hardy and Abdullah Pashew

Twentieth century witnessed marvelous uprisings and revolutions, besides the two world wars. This continuous unrest led some British poets to portray the real scenes and what they really observed and felt toward wars and they started questioning, protesting and, sometimes, celebrating the nature and purpose of the conflicts. Both of Thomas Hardy (1840-1928) and Abdulla Pashew (b.1946-present) expressed the struggle between human beings and they ennoble wars for their legitimate impulsions, and at the same time, they deprecate the spurious pretexts to provoke wars. Hardy, due to the First World War, tried to depict the reality of the war that either glorifies or ruins the mankind in most of the times, while Pashew shows glorification of wars against the dictatorship as a defense for his homeland (Kurdistan) in one side, and he also condemns it when the blameworthy civil war happened during nineties among his nation in the other side. So, both denounce and venerate wars depending on certain reasons and vindications. The study aims at examining the poems in a comparative way to show the differences and the similarities between the two nations understandings about the case of dealing with wars long ago and even the recent times. The paper is divided into two main parts each to show the concepts of war first with the British poet Thomas Hardy in his selected poems(“The man He killed”, “Christmas 1924” , “The Drummer Hodge” , “A wife in London”) . The other main part is to show the concept of war with the Kurdish poet and his selected poems (“The Lost Solider”, “The Unseen”, “I do not Understand”, “Two Faced or Sided”), then the paper ends up with the conclusions that are the findings of the study to illustrate more precisely on the major outcomes been found during the study.

Keyfi, his life and works in the Ottoman Archives

Research on the history of Kurdish literature requires more efforts. Especially all those poets who have left behind little material and little has been written about them. For various reasons, the Kurds have not been able to rewrite their literary history completely and accurately. In this respect, new information about them is gradually going to be revealed through the workings on uncovering the manuscripts of the world archives. Although the nineteenth century is the richest century in the history of literature, it has the most shortcomings on the lives and works of our poets. This research entitled (Keyfi, his life and works in the Ottoman Archives) has tried to reveal several aspects of this poet's life through the Ottoman and Western archives, especially revealing part of his life in Mosul, Istanbul, and his work as a translator, lawyer, linguist and journalist. Additionally, the study reveals the time and the place of his death, and investigates his relationship with Kurdish poets and his reflection in Kurdish journalism during the Ottoman period. This study resolves some of the debates that existed in the past century about the life of this poet and with this new information fills a gap in the biography of Keyfi in the history of Kurdish literature.

Youth Programming through Language

This research is a critical and practical study. In this context, we try to discuss some of Dldar’s poems, which can be read within the framework of the neurolinguistics program to influence Kurdish youth. The research material consists of some of the poetic texts by Dldar that we consider to be appropriate examples for the subject that we want to discuss, and this is the reason that led us to have this title for the research. In this research, we endeavor to find the relationship between language and mind in the poems. The poems appear as a kind of advice in which the poet wants to have influence on Kurdish youth during the time they were written and even later, and this is a kind of programing which is considered as the main task of neurolinguistics program. From now on, this subject will be further clarified through the introduction of the concepts and the terms. This research consists of two sections; the first section is about (neurolinguistics in terms of concepts and terms). This section clarifies language, poetic language, concepts and the term of neurolinguistics as a new science in the field of linguistics. The second section entitled (Youth Programing Through Neurolinguistics-Dldar Poems as Examples) analyses all the poetic samples by the great Kurdish poet that we consider to have a kind of programing Kurdish youth through using a special poetic language, this comprises the core of our research. The research concludes with the results and the list of references, the abstract of the research is written in English and Arabic as well.

The Conflicts of Social Phenomena and their reflection in Kurdish Literature, Mufti Penjweni’s Poems for instance

As the poetry is the reflection of the poets thinking & meditation, in the History of Kurdish poetry, the aim was to illuminate the community, especially in the decades after the 20th century. It was the message and tool of changing. Therefore, the Kurdish poets had realized they would be able to raise awareness in society and making difference in life aspects through poetry. They believed they could introduce the community to the progression and prosperity of the other societies, values & new manners. This will have impacts on the psychology and senses of the readers and auditors. Definitely, accepting and welcoming these changes was not easy. That is why conflicts and struggles will occur between either the author and the community or the author and himself/ herself. This is an attempt to display these conflicts and express them through poetry and to what extent they could have influence on the individuals and make difference in the community. According to the above explanation, “The Conflicts of Social Phenomena in Mufti Penjweni’s Poems” will be the tile of this research so as to show the conflict which the mentioned poet had demonstrated through his poetry. The research has followed the descriptive & analytical school

Prison experience in Faqe Qadir Hamawandi's poem

In This research focuses on prison poetry, which has an ancient history in Kurdish literature, and many famous Kurdish poets have been imprisoned in different eras because of their political attitudes and different opinions, and the famous Kurdish poet researcher Faqe Qadiri ham He has chosen Awandi to talk about one of the poets who recorded the most poems in prison. Prison poems are the result of the situation and reflection of the lives of the days in which the poet lived. Faqe Qadir's works describe a day when The situation in the region has caused many problems and complications because of the collapse of the Baban Emirate and the invasion of Southern Kurdistan by the Ottomans, the imprisonment of Faqe Qadir because of some of his poetic products to confront the invaders of Kurdistan and to express his sense of nationality, pride, nature, religion, suffering and suffering in prison... dedicate… In this research, based on the psychological method of some of Faqe Qadir's poems in prison, they have been put under the light of investigation

Sheikh Reza Talabani and his Unpublished Poem in the Ottoman Archive

Studying the lives and works of Kurdish poets through documents and archives is an important practical step to clarifying the history of Kurdish literature. Therefore, the Ottoman Archive is an important centre to uncover the origins of the lives and works of Kurdish poets, scholars, and personalities. Sheikh Reza Talabani (1837–1910) was able to write poetry in several languages. He was the son of Sheikh Abdulrahman Talabani, a prominent leader of the Qadiri sect, who was an influential figure in the Ottoman Empire and had a close relationship with the central government and senior officials. From this perspective, this study focuses on the position of Sheikh Reza Talabani in the Ottoman Empire in the shadow of Ottoman documents, as well as the discovery of his unpublished poem in the archive, which is a letter of praise to the Ottoman Sultan. The importance of this study is that it was previously only known that Sheikh Reza made several trips to Istanbul, but through this article, it corrects several previous opinions and specifically discusses the timing of his trips to Istanbul, his rank, and the fame of his praise poem to the Ottoman Sultan. The study reveals the poem for the first time.

“Kurdish poets and praise the people of the house”

انتشر التشيع بين الكُرد، امراء وعامة، وظهر تأثير المعتقدات الشيعية في العديد من الاثار والادبيات الكُردية، لاسيما في مجال الشعر، حيث احتوت قصائدهم الكثير من المدح لآل البيت والائمة الاثني عشرية، وكذلك الجهر بانتمائهم للشيعة، فكان لنتاجاتهم اثر واضح في ادب مدح الائمة.
 دونت المصادر اثار الكثير من الامراء والشعراء الكُرد ضمن تناولهم موضوع الامامة ومحبتهم لهم، فضلا عن بعض الاحداث التي تعد من المسلمات العقائدية لدى الشيعة كالحديث عن يوم الغدير ومدح فاطمة بنت الرسول (ص) وابنائها، ومن خلال هذه الدراسة سنقف عند ست شعراء من الكُرد كانوا السباقين في هذا المجال.
 لقد ساهم الكُرد في بناء الحضارة الاسلامية في مختلف المجالات، وكان الجانب الثقافي والفكري والادبي اكثرها غناءا، ففي مجال الشعر والادب ظهرت بينهم كوكبة من الشعراء، وهناك عدد منهم كانوا امراء وقادة وفقهاء وفي الوقت نفسه ادباء وشعراء، وقد نظم عدد منهم قصائد في مدح الائمة وآل البيت ولاسيما الامام علي بن ابي طالب، وقد غلب عليهم ميولهم المذهبية في تنظيم تلك القصائد، ووصلتنا عدد قليل من تلك الابيات الشعرية، فضلا عن الاثار التي تخص اصحاب الابيات الشعرية التي تمدح الائمة واهل بيتهم.

Kurdish literature in foreign languages as an alternative to Kurdish Language

kurdish is one of those nations in thousand in its history doesnt have a unity language and independent part.that´s why kurdish literature and its language was under the effects of the colony countries.The Kurdish poets and and writes couldn´t write and describe their own feelings with thier own languages because of the colony countries.Dividing kurds into four geographical parts (lraq,lran, Turkey and Syria) had effects on the kurdish poets and writers of those parts couldnt use kurdish language in their writings because of the threats and sansors. Even in those three parts(lran ,Syria and Turkey) writing and studying in kurdish was frobidden. Sometimes, The kurdish poets and writers faced jail and difficulty to get out of their homeland. Though it was difficult at that time to print their writings in Kurdish and mostly they denied to print their poems, So The kurdish poets and writers obligely they had written poems with the language of the colony countries. As a result، there was doubt the nationality of these literatures.Sometimes world had effects on them.Without facing any troubles and difficulties the writers had written with foreign languages.They thought that if they only write with Kurdish,though only kurdish could know them in this limited area and it couldn´t reach foreign readers.therefore they wanted to write with foreign languages.

An overview of the literature and theory of Islamic criticism, the poem "Bahri Noor" by the Kurdish poet "Mahwi" as an example.

An overview of the literature and theory of Islamic criticism, the poem "Bahri Noor" by the Kurdish poet "Mahwi" as an example.

Rebellion by Kurdish poets

Rebellion by Kurdish poets

Poems of Lamentation of Terez

In the past, grief and lamentation for the dead were one of the main purposes of poetry. However, with the passage of time, this purpose witnessed great changes as the Kurdish literature witnessed such developments. This means that grief and lamentation moved from the level of grief of relatives and clan to greater goals. The death of leaders, artists, writers, and fighters also became a tool for grief and lamentation in most of the stages of the Kurdish literature, especially in poems. Grief and lamentation for the dead were among the important topics and became the focus of poets' interest, especially in the traditional and modern poems. Many of the Kurdish poets cared about lamentation in the modern era, as they wrote poems of sadness and lamentation for different personalities and events. Terez is among those poets who paid great attention to lamentation, as it is possible to clearly show the direction of this change in his poems, and we tried to know the extent and quality of Terez's interest in the subject of grief and lamentation. Was he able to express it well and meet the required level? To what extent did he care about this topic? For this reason, we have tried in this research entitle (Poems of Lamentation of Terez) to show the innovations and changes that Terez made in this aspect. This research study adopted both the (descriptive and analytical) approaches.

Robert Herrick’s Daffodils, Percy Bysshe Shelley’s Flower and Abdulla Goran’s Ivy Flower: A Comparative Study

This paper intends to highlight the similarities in three poems by three different poets coming from different times and places - Robert Herrick’s poem, “To Daffodils”, Percy Bysshe Shelly’s poem, “The flower that smiles today” (mutability), and Abdulla Goran’s poem, “To the Ivy Flowers”. It endeavours to depict the influence that Shelly and Herricks’ poems had on the Kurdish poet Goran in composing his poem. Herrick’s poem was first published in the 17th century in English Language, although Shelley’s Poem was published in the 19th century in England, yet its language is English, too. The influence of the English language and English writers generally and the influence of Shelly and Herrick, particularly is clearly seen in Goran’s poem. This study for the first time points out that there is the high possibility of the influence of two poems on Goran in composing his poem, “To the Ivy Flowers”, which shows the novelty of this study as no scholar so far has said two English Writers influenced him in writing this poem. This is a comparative study relying on the French school of comparative literature. The Kurdish poet, Goran was influenced by both Shelley and Herrick. The paper intends to see to which degree is Goran influenced by the two poems, and why particularly by those two English poets. The study relies on comparative, descriptive and textual analysis approaches to examine meaning, content and style of the three poems to demonstrate the aesthetics of the three poems

Renewing the Structure of Mustazad in Goran's poems

Mustazad as a poetic model, is not new in Kurdish literature. There are many classic Kurdish poets who wrote poems in the form of Al-Mustazad. Mullah Al-Jaziri was the first to organize a poetic in Mustazad in the history of Kurdish literature. But in the stage of renewal of Kurdish poetry after the First World War, Kurdish poets contributed to renewing the structure of the meter in terms of weight and rhymes and the formation of the different composition in terms of number and arrangement of verses and their component parts.
 The title of the research (Renewing the Structure of Mustazad in Goran's poems) is an attempt to show the characteristics of the techniques of renewal and creativity of Goran the poet, and renew the structure of Al-Mustazad at this stage.
 There is a clear gap in academic studies of literary theory of comparison to the creativity of Kurdish poets in this field. There are a number of studies that describe Mustazad among other poetic templates, but there is no specialized research in this poetic model to study the renewal techniques and creative attempts of the Kurdish poet.
 The research consists of two chapters: the first chapter is concerned with defining Mustazad and its techniques in both the classical and modern stages, while the second chapter is concerned with Goran's creative attempts in this regard. Through this research, the researcher reached to new results on which this poetic form was based.

Keyfi, his life and works in the Ottoman Archives

Research on the history of Kurdish literature requires more efforts. Especially all those poets who have left behind little material and little has been written about them. For various reasons, the Kurds have not been able to rewrite their literary history completely and accurately. In this respect, new information about them is gradually going to be revealed through the workings on uncovering the manuscripts of the world archives. Although the nineteenth century is the richest century in the history of literature, it has the most shortcomings on the lives and works of our poets. This research entitled (Keyfi, his life and works in the Ottoman Archives) has tried to reveal several aspects of this poet's life through the Ottoman and Western archives, especially revealing part of his life in Mosul, Istanbul, and his work as a translator, lawyer, linguist and journalist. Additionally, the study reveals the time and the place of his death, and investigates his relationship with Kurdish poets and his reflection in Kurdish journalism during the Ottoman period. This study resolves some of the debates that existed in the past century about the life of this poet and with this new information fills a gap in the biography of Keyfi in the history of Kurdish literature

Khana Qubadi's Invention in the Field of Thought and the Art of Poetry Epic

Khana Qubadi was one of the great poets of classical Kurdish literature. He lived at the end of seventeenth century and the beginning of eighteenth century. He always seeked freedom and he was against oppression and violence. He was proud of Kurdish language. Qubadi has the greatest collection of poems. In some genres, he was the role model for other Kurdish poets such as: translation of the Holy Quran, Epics, Repetition, Satire. Despite that his era was full of wars and conflicts, he could skilfully use his artistic abilities and he brought many literary innovations into Kurdish literature. Therefore, he shines like a star in Kurdish literature. This paper tries to shed light on his literary inventions in order to be used as a source for scientific researches and to make Kurdish researchers pay more attention to this great poet, who is from Goran dialect, because he is one of the poets with numerous poems, but he has not gained reseachers’ attention yet.

Analyzing and Combating Drinking Liquor in “Bartender” of Hemin Mukeriany with Two Poems of Drinking Liquor of Manuchari Damghani

Wine and drinking as important themes have always had clear reflections in the world of literature. Poets demonstrate their excessive zeal to the assemblage of wine and drinking. This type of literature originates from Persian literature with Rudaki and keeps being one of the underlying themes until reaches the top with Damghani. In Kurdish literature, Wine-purely secular meaning – as a dominant and pivotal theme starts with Hemn Mukryani. For thus reason Hemn is appointed among other Kurdish poets for this study. This article addresses this question, how wine and drinking reflect in both Poet’s work. In a descriptive way, this article analyses a poem of Hemn and two poems of Damghni as materials of the study. Mutual aspects of wine and drinking can be noticed in their poems. Like Damghani, Hemn uses wine to take pleasure and as sort of escapism from difficulties of life.

Enlightenment Thinking and its Consequences in Contemporary Kurdish Poetry

Enlightenment as an intellectual concept is the result of the perspectives of many thinkers and philosophers in the western world. It has become the source of deep change in the western culture and thinking; it has also come into the eastern world and culture. Eventually, the influence of that movement arrived at the Kurdish literature and can easily be found in the works of Kurdish poets and authors. They dealt with the phenomenon in accordance with their understanding in Kurdish poems. Although the influence of the phenomenon has not reflected in the minds of the Kurdish poets, due to the inappropriate conditions of our nation, as is the case in the western world, the Kurdish poets could take advantage from the various aspects of phenomenon and renew the content of the Kurdish poetry. Enlightenment poets played an effective role in raising the awareness of Kurdish society, especially those who were aware of the innovation movement in the world and had a deep understanding of the conditions of the Kurdish society. Hence, poetry became a moving and a educating message. As a result, we see that the content of the poetry of that period has experienced a remarkable change.