Orthosiphon Aristatus Research Articles

Antihypertensive actions of methylripariochromene A from Orthosiphon aristatus, an Indonesian traditional medicinal plant.

Methylripariochromene A (MRC) was isolated from the leaves of Orthosiphon aristatus (Lamiaceae) and subjected to the examination of several pharmacological actions related to antihypertensive activity. The following four findings were revealed from the present study: 1) MRC caused a continuous decrease in systolic blood pressure and a decrease in heart rate after subcutaneous administration in conscious male SHRSP, 2) MRC exhibited the concentration-dependent suppression of contractions induced by high K+, l-phenylephrine or prostaglandin F2alpha in endothelium-denuded rat thoracic aorta, 3) MRC showed a marked suppression of contractile force without a significant reduction in the beating rate in isolated bilateral guinea pig atria, and 4) MRC increased urinary volume and the excretion of Na+, K+ and Cl- for 3 h after oral administration with a load of saline in fasted rats. These findings indicate that MRC possesses some actions related to a decrease in blood pressure, i.e. vasodilating action, a decrease in cardiac output and diuretic action. Furthermore, it is presumed that the traditional use of this plant in the therapy of hypertension may be partially supported by these actions with MRC.

Two Novel Migrated Pimarane-type Diterpenes, Neoorthosiphols A and B, from the Leaves of Orthosiphon aristatus (Lamiaceae).

Two new migrated pimarane-type diterpenes called neoorthosiphols A and B have been isolated from a water decoction of the leaves of Orthosiphon aristatus (Lamiaceae) cultivated in Java, Indonesia. Their chemical structures have been elucidated on the basis of physicochemical evidence.

Indonesian Medicinal Plants. XXII. Chemical Structures of Two New Isopimarane-Type Diterpenes, Orthosiphonones A and B, and a New Benzochromene, Orthochromene A from the Leaves of Orthosiphonaristatus (Lamiaceae).

Two new isopimarane-type diterpenes named orthosiphonones A and B and a new benzochromene named orthochromene A, have been isolated from the water decoction of the leaves of Orthosiphon aristatus (Lamiaceae) collected in Java, Indonesia. Their chemical structures have been elucidated on the basis of physicochemical and chemical evidence.

Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of the Phenolic Constituents fromOrthosiphon aristatus

ORTHOSIPHON ARISTATUS (Orthosiphonis folium DAB 9) was studied with regard to its phenolic constituents. Twenty compounds were isolated and identified on the basis of their spectral characteristics. The compounds included nine lipophilic flavones, two flavonol glycosides, and nine caffeic acid derivatives. The presence of the recently reported methylripariochromene A could not be confirmed. All compounds identified were quantified by HPLC. The caffeic acid derivatives including the major compounds rosmarinic acid and 2,3-dicaffeoyltartaric acid (67% of total identified phenolics) predominated over the flavones (33%) in an aqueous MeOH extract. The predominance of the caffeic acid derivatives was even more pronounced in a hot water extract (94.5% of total identified phenolics) that was comparable to a herbal tea.

Induction of rosmarinic acid accumulation in cell suspension cultures of Orthosiphon aristatus after treatment with yeast extract

Cell suspension cultures of Orthosiphon aristatus were shown to accumulate rosmarinic acid (RA) at concentrations of 1.0–2.0 μmol g −1 fr. wt. Addition of yeast extract (4–6 g 1 −1) to the liquid growth media resulted in a large increase of RA accumulation in treated cells independent of the growth stage. The highest concentration of RA observed in treated cells ( ca 10 μmol g −1 fr. wt) was usually reached 72–96 hr after addition of yeast extract. When cells present in the stationary phase were treated with yeast extract a second phenolic was shown to accumulate which presumably originated by oxidative decarboxylation of RA. The induction of RA accumulation by yeast extract was due to de novo synthesis as shown by feeding experiments with 14C-tracers and by analysis of the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) which are the key enzymes of RA biosynthesis. Following addition of yeast extract both enzyme activities showed a strong transient increase which preceded the peak of RA accumulation. Fractionation of yeast extract by acetone precipitation, ion exchange and gel permeation chromatography yielded two active fractions (elicitor A and B) capable of inducing RA accumulation. Both elicitors were shown to be carbohydrate polymers ( M r of elicitor A ca 22 000, of elicitor B ca 7 000) containing mainly mannose, glucose and to a lesser degree galactose. The elicitors are, thus, not identical to a glucan elicitor previously reported from yeast extract.

Screening of Taiwanese crude drugs for antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans

Preliminary antibacterial screening of local crude drugs was carried out using the cariogenic bacterium, Streptococcus mutans. Of 79 aqueous extracts tested, 6 crude drugs were shown to have significant antibacterial activity with minimal inhibitory concentration equal to or lower than 7.8 mg ml (expressed in terms of dry starting material). Of these effective crude drugs, Morus australis, Ludwigia octovalvis and Thuja orientalis were very effective in inhibiting the growth of serotypes c and d of S. mutans (MIC ⩽ 2.0–7.8 mg ml ). Elephantopus scaber, Artemisia vulgaris, Mosla chinensis and Orthosiphon aristatus also exhibited considerable antibacterial activity (MIC = 7.8–23.4 mg ml ) against both serotypes. In the presence of 5% sucrose, the antibacterial potency of the majority of the extracts did not change for type c, while the potency decreased about one-half for type d.

Characterisation and Expression Analysis of Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Reductase derived from Orthosiphon aristatus

Herbal products are getting more popular as alternative medicines and food supplements. The therapeutic effects of herbal medicines are mainly attributed to their bioactive secondary metabolites. Orthosiphon aristatus, locally known as ‘Misai Kucing’, is known for its various health benefits. One of the main chemical constituent of O. aristatus is rosmarinic acid, a plant polyphenol that has been proven to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. Hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase (HPPR) is one of the enzymes involved in rosmarinic acid biosynthetic pathway. Here we report the effect of UV on HPPR expression and the isolation of a full-length hppr cDNA from O. aristatus via rapid amplification of cDNA ends polymerase chain reaction. An increase in the expression was detected when the plant was exposed to UV and detected via the expression of hppr transcript. A 1116 bp nucleotide putative cDNA was isolated corresponding to 307 predicted amino acid. We have also isolated the 5’ and 3’ untranslated regions with a length of 54 bp and 123 bp, respectively. Sequence similarity analysis was performed against NCBI genebank and the BLAST result showed that the putative hppr cDNA isolated from O. aristatus exhibited high similarities with other hppr cDNA of the members of the Lamiaceae family such as Perilla frutescens, Salvia officinalis, Salvia miltiorrhiza and Solenostemon scutellarioides.