Kuala Nerus Research Articles

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICE ABOUT DIETARY FIBRE INTAKE AND TYPE 2 DIABETES AMONG RURAL PEOPLE IN TERENGGANU, MALAYSIA

Awareness of the dietary fibre intake (DF) and its importance in prevention and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among rural people is seldom reported in Malaysia. This study aimed to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of DF intake and their association with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among rural people in Terengganu, Malaysia. A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out among the households in Kampung Jati, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia from 29th December 2019 until 20th February 2020. The village has 524 houses, the data was collected from all available and eligible subjects in each household by completed socio-demographic, validated KAP on DF intake questionnaire, as well as a 24-hour dietary recall using a self-administered questionnaire. In our study of 396 respondents, 208 (52.5%) were men. The mean age of participants was 37.85 (15.13). Most of the subjects were Malay 384 (97.0%), employed 207 (52.3%) and 274 (69.2%) attained high level of education (from tertiary school level). However, only 170 (42.9%) had a high family income which was of >RM 3860 per month. Out of 396 respondents, 157 (39.6%) of them had family history of diabetes mellitus. Respondents had moderate knowledge (39.1%), positive attitude (88.1%) and good practice (59.3%) scores towards DF intake. Among the respondents, only 39.1% of total respondents knew the nationally recommended amount of daily fibre intake which is of 20-30 grams per day. With multivariable analysis using multiple logistic regression, the analysis results revealed that age (adjusted OR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.15; p <0.001), having family history of T2DM (adjusted OR: 6.81, 95% CI: 2.75, 16.84; p <0.001) and having total attitude scores (adjusted OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.76, 0.93; p <0.001) were found to be adjusted significant associated factors of T2DM among the respondents after controlling confounders. Public health authorities should raise awareness on health benefit of consuming dietary fibre to promote an increase in consumption which can help in prevention and management of chronic diseases among rural population of Malaysia.

Validity and reliability of a questionnaire on knowledge, attitude, practice and perception (KAP2) towards food poisoning and its prevention during dining out among consumers in Terengganu

Having adequate knowledge, attitude, practice, and realistic perception (KAP2) of food poisoning prevention will minimize the risk of food poisoning while dining out. However, there is no validated KAP2 questionnaire on the prevention of food poisoning during dining out, notably among consumers. Throughout the current research, a validated KAP2 questionnaire on food poisoning and prevention during dining was developed. A crosssectional pilot survey was conducted among 30 selected consumers in Kuala Nerus, Terengganu. Convenience sampling was applied to the recruitment of consumers based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The KAP2 questionnaire comprised the knowledge section (42 questions), attitude (15 questions), practice (13 questions) and the perception (15 questions). Knowledge questions were analysed using difficulty and discrimination index, while attitude, practice, and perception were analysed by construct validity and reliability analysis. The difficulty index with less than 0.3 is considered as difficult, between 0.30-0.70 as an acceptable value, and more than 0.70 as easy. The discrimination index below than 0.2 is considered poor, between 0.2-0.24 as good, more than 0.35 as excellent items. The construct validity was conducted by referring to the value of Cronbach's alpha, inter-item correlation (˃ 0.30), item-total correlation (˃ 0.30), and Cronbach's alpha if item deleted. The results were found from 42 knowledge items, 29 easy items, ten acceptable items and three difficult questions. The discrimination index revealed that 25 items were poor, 11 items were excellent, three items had a good discrimination index and three items needed to be revised. Based on construct validity, five attitude’s items, three practice’s items and ten perception’s items were removed due to inter-item correlation and item-total correlation value < 0.30. The reliability analysis of the attitude portion was 0.848 which is a good reliability, 0.780 practice, and 0.611 perceptions to be found an acceptable value of reliability. Overall, the developed KAP2 questionnaire is a valid and reliable questionnaire that can serve as an evaluation tool for measuring knowledge, attitudes, practice and perception in the prevention of food poisoning during dining out among consumers.

Nutritional Status and Health-Related Quality of Life among Knee and Hip Osteoarthritis Patients under Rehabilitation Care in Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.

Introduction:The World Health Organisation (WHO) has estimated that 80% of people with osteoarthritis (OA) have movement limitations while 25% of them cannot perform their major daily activities, thus resulting in a decline of their nutritional status and quality of life (QOL). Therefore, this study aimed to compare the nutritional status and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of OA patients between gender and age group.Material and Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted on 131 OA patients in Rehabilitation Health Organisation, Terengganu. Socio-demographic, clinical, lifestyle histories, 24-hour dietary intake and HRQOL were assessed using a structured questionnaire.Results:Knee and/or hip OA patients recruited consisted of 19.1% of men and 80.9 % of women collectively with a mean age of 61.81 (9.28) years ranging from 38 to 83 years. The percentages of underweight, normal, overweight, and obese patients were 1.5%, 12.2%, 36.7%, and 49.6%, respectively. Further assessment of HRQOL showed that the highest mean score was obtained by the social functioning (SF) domain of 41.25 (27.16), while the mental domain scored the least mean score of 21.15 (20.92). In terms of gender breakdown, the males had significantly greater weight and height but lower body fat (BF) compared to their female counterparts, as well as a significantly higher energy, carbohydrate and protein intake. According to the age group, patients aged < 60 years had significantly greater weight, height, and BF than those aged ≥ 60 years.Conclusion:This study is an important baseline reference for proper OA management and prevention by providing crucial nutritional status and HRQOL information.

Variation of Seasonal Monsoon Wave-Driven Circulation Pattern in the Lee of Groyne in Kuala Nerus beach

Terengganu coast tend to dual monsoonal as presenting Northeast Monsoon (NEM) as a storm season and Southwest Monsoon (SWM) as a calm season. The area of interest is a groyne in Kuala Nerus, Terengganu on east part of Peninsular Malaysia. The use of numerical model was performed on the dual monsoon seasons with MIKE 21 modules (Spectral Wave FM and Flow Model Hydrodynamic FM modules). Two numerical model were set up according to the two season. The resulting model indicates, the current circulation pattern consisted of persistent eddy re-circulation in the lee of the groyne during both season. As the longshore current directed into the groyne, it deflected offshore resulting in rip current along the groyne. The rip current and incoming wave converge at the tip of the groyne and flow parallel to coastline before being projected onshore performing a re-circulation cell. During NEM, the model shows a clockwise re-circulation cell and counter-clockwise formation during SWM. The formation of the rip current and eddy circulation is associated with erosion event as the sediment transported offshore causing sediment shortage on the adjacent shore. The importance of this study can be a reference to any development of coastal defense monsoon dominated environment.

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG KUALA NERUS MOSQUES

Each religion has its own institution and ways of dealing with all the religious-related matters in the community. For the Muslim community, the mosque, or known as "Masjid" in Arabic, is a place of worship for performing prayers and other religious-related activities. In conducting those activities, mosques usually receive funding from public donations, fundraising, "waqaf", the government and many more. Managing a mosque fund is crucial in order to build trust among the public, and simultaneously safeguard the mosque’s financial resources. Therefore, it is important for each mosque to adopt good financial management practices in managing funds effectively. The data for this study was collected through a questionnaire distributed to 23 respondents from 14 mosques in the district of Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, to explore their financial management practices. The descriptive analysis surprisingly shows that 79% of the mosques still use a manual system in managing their funds instead of a computerized accounting system. It is timely to develop a customized accounting system to cater the needs of mosques’ management to set up a systematic and efficient fund management.

PEDOMETER-MEASURED WALKING STEPS AND LEVELS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY: A STUDY IN KUALA NERUS, TERENGGANU

The Malaysia Ministry of Health introduced the 10,000 Steps Program to embrace physical activity and increase the quality of life among the Malaysian population. Thus, this cross-sectional study aims to determine the walking steps, and level of physical activity among adults in Kuala Nerus, Terengganu. A convenience sample of 90 adults aged 18 to 59 years old had their two-days walking steps assessed using an Omron HJ-320 pedometer. Meanwhile, physical activity was measured using International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The Spearman correlation coefficient is used to assess the relationship between the number of walking steps based on the pedometer, and physical activity level. The result shows that the average median steps/day of the respondents was 5096 (3744). Only 6.7% of respondents achieved the 10,000 recommended steps. The respondents were generally categorized as low active for their walking steps and physical activity level. There was a significantly low relationship between physical activity and walking (r=0.214, p=0.043). This indicates that the physical activity level among respondents was relatively related by their number of walking steps. In conclusion, a pedometer can be part of an effective tool for measuring daily physical activity. Awareness programs are strongly encouraged to increase the physical activity level among the population.

Ultra-Processed Food Classification, their Contribution to Sodium and Added Sugar Availability, and its Relationship with Nutritional Status among Adults in Terengganu, Malaysia

Introduction: This cross-sectional study aims to determine the provision of foods according to NOVA classifications (an ultra-processed classification), to assess contribution of sodium and added sugar availability in each of NOVA food groups, and to evaluate nutritional status as well as to determine the relationship between sodium, added sugar availability of each NOVA foods groups and nutritional status among adults in Terengganu. Materials and methods: About 200 respondents aged between 18 and 59 years old from Kuala Nerus, Terengganu were recruited. Their dietary intake from two days of 24-hour dietary recall underwent NOVA classification and analyzed through Nutritionist Pro. All respondents had their blood pressure and fasting blood glucose taken. Spearman’s rank correlation was used to evaluate the relationship between sodium and added sugar each of NOVA food groups and the nutritional status. Results: The total energy intake of the respondents was 1818 kcal + 375.05 per day. The energy contribution of ultra-processed group was 24%. The sodium and added sugar contribution of ultra-processed group were 26% and 63%, respectively. The mean blood pressure and median of blood glucose were normal at 114/79 mmHg and 5.3 mmol/L, respectively. No significant correlation was found between sodium, added sugar availability of each NOVA food groups and nutritional status at p&lt;0.05. Conclusion: Further studies involving vigorous research design need to be carried out in order to really understand the implication of ultra-processed food consumption towards the nutritional status of Malaysian population, as highlighted in the Malaysian Nutrition Research Priorities (2016-2020). &gt;&lt;0.05. Conclusion: Further studies involving vigorous research design need to be carried out in order to really understand the implication of ultra-processed food consumption towards the nutritional status of Malaysian population, as highlighted in the Malaysian Nutrition Research Priorities (2016-2020).

Relationship of Body Mass Index and Physical Activity with Hand Grip Status Among University Students: A Cross Sectional Analysis

The objective of this study is to determine the relationship between nutritional status and hand grip strength among university students in Kuala Nerus and assess the relationships between BMI and physical activity with hand grip among students. University students (N = 80, mean age 21.8 ± 1.4 years) that included 36 males and 44 females were recruited using a convenient sampling technique from two universities which is Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA) and Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT) in a cross sectional study in Kuala Nerus, Terengganu. Weight and height were measured and body mass index were calculated. Hand grip strength was measured too using Takei Digital Grip Strength Dynamometer. Furthermore, eating habits and level of physical activity were self-reported by the students using FFQ adopted from MANS and IPAQ questionnaire. The prevalence of underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity were 7.4%, 66.3%, 17.5%, and 8.8% respectively. Male have slightly higher intake of calories, carbohydrates and fat with mean value of 2229 kcal, 295.3 g and 66.8 g respectively compared to female with calories of 2126 kcal, carbohydrates of 283 g and fat of 64.2 g. Meanwhile, most of the students involved in this study were classified as being moderately active (65%) followed by low physical activity (28.8%) and the least goes to the high physical activity category (6.2%). Furthermore, male subjects had a higher value of handgrip strength in both right (32.3 kg) and left hand (28.2 kg) as compared to female subjects that was 20.0 kg on the right hand while 17.6 kg on the left hand. The present study also showed that males had a higher percentage of overweight and obesity than females and there was a significant association between body mass index and gender as well as gender and hand grip strength (p&lt;0.05). There were also significant association observed between BMI and physical activity with hand grip strength meanwhile, there is no association between dietary intakes (protein) with grip strength (p&lt;0.05).&#x0D; Keywords: eating habits, hand grip strength, BMI, physical activity

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SUGAR-SWEETENED BEVERAGE CONSUMPTION AND BODY MASS INDEX AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN KUALA NERUS, TERENGGANU, MALAYSIA

Overweight and obesity are major health concerns in Malaysia, which are linked to other health consequences such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and several others. Among dietary factors, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are reported to be one of the leading factors of weight gain and a higher body mass index (BMI). Sugar-sweetened beverages are beverages with added sugar that only add calories to an individual’s normal diet and they represent the largest contributor to the added sugars intake. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of SSB consumption among university students in Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, as well as to investigate the association between the students’ SSB consumption and their BMI. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 350 Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA) Gong Badak Campus and Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT) students by using the convenience sampling. Each participant was given a questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic details, anthropometric assessment and beverage intake. The results revealed that half of the students consumed 2 cups (500 mL) of SSBs on average days (49.4%), whereas 21.7% of them consumed at least 3 cups daily. It was found that sweetened tea was the students’ most preferred SSB and there was also an association between the SSB consumption and the BMI. In conclusion, university students in Kuala Nerus drink 2 cups of SSBs daily and sweetened tea is their preferred SSB. Since the students’ SSB consumption influences their BMI, these students must be aware on the contents of SSB and the related health consequences in order to reduce the consumption of these beverages and hence, reduce their BMI to a healthy level.

The Ergonomics of the Islamic Ablution: Exploring Considerations for the Elderly in the Mosque

A general observation on the state and condition of the ablution area at some mosques in the country has pictured the place as slippery and unsafe and not properly used and maintained. This has led to the assumptions that the design of the place had not thoroughly considered the ergonomic factors and right anthropometric of the users which has created discomfort in positioning oneself and accessing the fixtures during the act. The impact of the problems has never been rationalized and always overlooked particularly on how it may affect the elderly group that is has become very common and being repeated in the provision of the ablution area in other mosque’s design and development. In consideration of the pressing issues and needs for an appropriate ablution area as part of safety and cleanliness measures at Mosque or Surau, the design of the facility must be emphasized and be based on the needs and physical abilities of the users. This particular study on the ablution area is necessary as it has uncovered salient and common problem of the current design of the place. The methodology selected for the study was a combination of several methods. It encompassed onsite observation on the practical use and performance of the ablution area, interview survey on users’ practical experience and design assessment focusing on the ergonomic and anthropometric considerations of the place through measured drawing method. The results were triangulated to determine the overall performance of the present design of ablution area in facilitating spiritual obligation of the people. For the purpose, three different mosques in Kuala Nerus district namely Masjid UNiSZA (Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin), Masjid UMT (Universiti Malaysia Terengganu) and Masjid Tok Jembal were selected as case studies. The study on the 3 sites of ablution area has displayed results indicating problems generally based on the location and proximity of water faucet and seating provision at the area which apparently were not based on the right ergonomic. This has created discomfort to the users and leaving messy and slippery ground after use.

The Relationship between of the Learning Environment and the Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) among Secondary School Students

: Malaysia's achievements in the TIMSS (Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study) and PISA (Program International Student Assessment) from 2007 to 2015 show a decline in the mastery of science and mathematics subjects among Malaysian students internationally (Shahril Sabudin, Azlin Norhaini Mansor, Subahan Mohd Meerah &amp; Azliza Muhammad, 2018) [28]. Meanwhile, the science laboratory learning environment is found that can influence the student’s higher order thinking skills (HOTS). This finding is supported by Mubarok, Suprapto and Adam (2018)[21] who found that the investigative activities in the laboratory would influence the HOTS. However, there are still have no any studies that been found in Malaysia on the relationship between the science laboratory learning environment and the HOTS. Therefore, this study aims to know the relationship between of the learning environment and the HOTS among secondary school students in Kuala Nerus, Terengganu by using the quantitative method. There are two sections in the questionnaire form, which are part A regarding the science laboratory learning environment and part B on the student’s HOTS. The part A uses SLEI which was developed by Fraser et al. (1992) and the part B uses a set of subjective questions that was developed by the researchers. The researchers selected 89 students from two schools using a simple random sampling. The findings showed that there were a relationship between of the learning environment in the material environment and the student’s HOTS. The results of the study proved that the adequacy of materials and apparatus in science labs would enhance the student’s HOTS. The implications of this study enable the Ministry of Education Malaysia (MOE) to budget for the purchase of sufficient science materials and apparatus.

Longtail Tuna (Thunnus tonggol) Consumption Frequency in Terengganu, Malaysia

In Terengganu, Longtail tuna or Thunnus tonggol is one of the most popular marine fishes landed by fishermen and has a high demand among customers. This species often served with a unique local delicacy called Nasi Dagang and Ikan Singgang, one of the favourite meals during breakfast by local communities. Since people have always consumed this species, therefore this study aims to identify the consumption rate of this species among Terengganu people. Specifically, this survey data obtained from 124 respondents, ages ranged from 15 to 60 years old from five districts in Terengganu, including Besut, Kuala Nerus, Kuala Terengganu, Hulu Terengganu, and Kemaman. Generally, the estimated amount of this species consumption is 239.7 g per person and 1.83 times per week. From the formula calculated, the amount of this species consumed by one person is 437.4 g/person/week. This value can use to calculate the permissible tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) to estimate the intake of pollutants, such as heavy metals in the human body.

Food classification system based on food processing and its relationship with nutritional status of adults in Terengganu, Malaysia

There is increased interest in the novel approach of classifying food based on the nature of its processing and its contribution towards diet-related diseases. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to determine the relationship between this novel food classification system and nutritional status of adults in Kuala Nerus, Terengganu. This cross-sectional study involved 200 respondents aged 18 years and above. A self- and researcher-administered questionnaire consisting of three different parts, namely a sociodemographic profile, nutritional status assessment, and food classification system (via two days 24 hours dietary recall) was used to collect data. SPSS version 20.0 was used for data analysis. Results showed that energy contributions of respondents were dominated by foods from group 1 and group 2 i.e. unprocessed food, minimally processed food and processed culinary ingredients. The energy contribution from ultra-processed food consumption was 24% of the average total daily energy consumption at 1818 kcal. The average nutritional status of respondents showed both BMI (M = 25.33, IQR = 6.79) and body fat percentage (M = 28.01, SD = 9.08) were overweight. Further data, including waist circumferences (M = 84.57 cm, SD = 11.7); fasting blood glucose level (M = 5.3 mmol/L, IQR = 0.80); total cholesterol (M = 4.60 mmol/L, IQR = 1.6); triglycerides (M = 1.00 mmol/L, IQR = 0.44); and LDL level (M = 2.74 mmol/L, IQR = 1.35) were normal. Systolic blood pressure (M = 112.50 mmHg, IQR = 20) and diastolic blood pressure (M = 78.84mmHg, SD = 11.73) were optimal, and the HDL levels of the respondents were borderline (M = 1.42mmol/L, IQR = 0.47). Pearson and Spearman correlations were performed to determine the relationship between ultra-processed food consumption and nutritional status and found no significant relationship between both variables. All in all, the findings can be used in the development of evidence-based interventions aimed at encouraging the consumption of minimally processed foods and reducing ultra-processed food consumption among the general public.

EXPOSURE TOWARDS HAND, FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE (HFMD) AWARENESS AND SOURCES OF INFORMATION AMONG CARETAKERS

Using a sample of kindergarten caretakers, this study shows that knowledge about Hand food and mouth disease (HFMD) is considered to be moderate (62.0%). Questionnaires were attained from 197 caretakers from a range of kindergarten in Kuala Nerus district, via universal sampling. The study shows that, within the sample of Kuala Nerus caretakers, insufficient HFMD knowledge does not diverge between educational background and source of health information. The research also indicates that those with experience are more conversant workers. Electronic and social media are the most selected channel by the caretakers for obtaining knowledge. KEYWORDS:HFMD, Caretakers, Kindergarten, Source of Information.

PENGUKURAN KEJAYAAN BANTUAN MODAL PERNIAGAAN USAHAWAN ASNAF DALAM KONTEKS PENCAPAIAN MAQASID AL-SHARI'AH: KAJIAN DI DAERAH KUALA TERENGGANU DAN KUALA NERUS, TERENGGANU: The Measurement of Asnaf Business Capital Assistance in the Context of Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah: A Study at Kuala Terengganu and Kuala Nerus, Terengganu

One type of assistance that was granted by the management and administration of zakāh to ensure that the entrepreneur recipients can improve their living standards is by assistance in the form of business capital. Capital grants are expected to generate long-term income and help to transform them to be an entrepreneur and then can also turn them to become a payer of zakāh instead of recipients. Nevertheless, it is often claimed that the assistance is not channelled effectively from the economic angle. Many beneficiaries have failed and the main reason given is a problem related to the capital. Therefore, this study was to identify factors other than capital that can influence the success or failure of the business undertaken by these entrepreneurs recipients. In order to measure the achievement of business success undertaken by these entrepreneurs recipients, the study takes into consideration two aspects of dependent variables based on income and maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah. This study used a sample of respondents from the entrepreneur recipients who received business capital assistance in the state capital of Kuala Terengganu and Kuala Nerus. A total of 140 respondents were surveyed and analyzed using analysis of regression logistic. Specifically, capital assistance has seen a modest achievement in religion, life, intellect, lineage and property. Findings shows that the success of the business conducted is influenced significantly by age and duration of trade. Hence, the important implication of this study is the finding; assessment should not focus only on the aspect of capital, but important factors that should also be included and other features.

Factors Influencing Safety Behaviour among Primary School Teachers in Kuala Nerus, Malaysia

Habitual non-compliance with policies, procedures and safety rules are believed to be the main cause of accidents as it can cause the entire system more at risk for failure. Recognising how particular facets of safety climate may shape risk behaviour will allow organizations to weigh conflicting organizational priorities as well as reducing unsafe behaviour in the workplace. This study assessed safety climate dimensions as predictors for safety compliance behaviours in defining safety climate and evaluated the perception of school teachers about the workplace safety and health system in primary schools. The objectives of this study was to explore the relationship between perceived safety climate and safety compliance behaviour among primary school teachers; and to determine the dominant factors of perceived safety climate which influence safety compliance behaviour among primary school teachers. This study used the quantitative approach by applying Nordic Safety Climate Questionnaire-50 (NOSACQ-50). The major findings of the study indicated that three independent variables peer safety communication learning, and trust in safety ability, workers’ trust in efficacy of safety systems, and management safety justice influence significantly on safety compliance behaviour. On the other hand, management safety priority and ability and workers’ safety commitment and management safety empowerment were least significantly related to safety compliance behaviour among the teachers. The proportion of the variance in the dependent variable is explained by the independent variables when these variables are entered into the regression analysis. The six perceived safety climate managed to explain significantly 58.7% of the variance in safety compliance behaviour. Consistent with hypothesis no.8, the factor peer safety communication learning, and trust in safety ability (β= .365, p&lt;0.05), workers’ trust in efficacy of safety systems (β= .237, p&lt;0.05), and management safety justice (β= .212, p&lt;0.05) was positively related to perceived safety compliance behaviour. There was no support, however, for factor management safety priority and ability (β=.061), management safety empowerment (β=.003), and worker safety commitment (β=.016) was unrelated to safety compliance behaviour.

GrabCar: Opportunities and Challenges for Taxi Operators

Taxis, being a significant element of mobility, play a sufficiently great role in public transportation. However, the issues towards taxi services have gradually increased due to the poor services given to passengers by taxi operators, leading to the demand for other ride service alternatives. With the development of technology, GrabCar was developed and launched as an online taxi booking through smartphone application which can easily connect passengers and drivers. The main purpose of this study is to find out the perception of taxi operators towards GrabCar service and vice versa so that there will be a clear point of view to identify opportunities and challenges for taxi operators. Standardized open-ended interviews were conducted with 5 taxi and 5 GrabCar operators in Kuala Terengganu and Kuala Nerus. Interview transcripts were analyzed using content analysis. The findings showed that there were more challenges than opportunities for the taxi operators. This study could help the government to improve taxi services in general and GrabCar services in sharing economy.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA TINGKAH LAKU KEPIMPINAN GURU BESAR DENGAN EFIKASI GURU SEKOLAH RENDAH

The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between teacher leadership behaviour and teacher efficacy. This study uses quantitative methods that apply the survey approach. The population of the study is 1398 primary school teachers in Kuala Nerus district, Terengganu. The sample consists of 130 teachers. Instructional study of leadership principals consists of 49 items. This instrument of principal’s leadership behaviour consists of 49 items which measured using the five-point Likert scale. The teacher's self-efficacy dimension consists of three dimensions consisting of 12 overall items which measured using a nine-point Likert scale. The teacher's self-efficacy instrument has a Cronbach Alpha 0.92 coefficient and teacher leadership behavioural instrument 0.91. The data of this study were analysed by using inferential statistic i.e. correlation. The findings show that there is a significant and positive correlation between the principal’s leadership behaviour with the level of self-efficacy of the teacher. The finding of this study explains that the principal’s leadership behaviour is also seen as one of the catalysts acting as a medium to ensure teachers are always committed to performing their duties as educators and remain motivated throughout the service.

Marine Spatial Planning: The Way Forward for Sustainable Development of Central Terengganu, Malaysia

The paper emphasises the potentials of Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) to be adopted and implemented in Central Terengganu, referring to three districts, namely Kuala Nerus, Kuala Terengganu and Marang. The territorial waters of Terengganu Central are demarcated by the protected boundaries of the marine parks, namely Redang, Lang Tengah and Kapas Islands. These three marine park islands are major ecotourism destinations in Central Terengganu, but the development that has been carried out on the islands and areas surroundings their gateways in the mainland, to some extent, is not integrated and sustainable. The purpose of this study is to seek the answers to what extent the current and future development trends in Central Terengganu have addressed the multiple competing and conflicting uses related to socioeconomic development, marine/ocean governance and conservation. The qualitative techniques were used for analysis and a case study was used to understand the nature of government policies and management as well as the existing and future plans. To summarize, this study concluded that MSP is the best option for the Terengganu State Government to improve the management of coastal and marine resources for environmental sustainability and socio-economic planning in Central Terengganu.

Relationship of Personality with the Self Efficacy of Islamic Education Teachers in the Districts Of Besut, Setiu, and Kuala Nerus of Terengganu State

This research paper aims to identify the relationship of personality with the self-efficacy of Islamic Education Teachers (GPI) in primary schools in three districts on Terengganu state. There were 33 GPIs in Besut, Setiu, and Kuala Nerus being selected randomly as the research respondents. This research was conducted through the quantitative approach by using the instrument adapted from the Big Five Inventory Scale by John and Srivastava (1999) and Teacher Sense of Efficacy Scale by Tschannen-Moran & Hoy (2001). The data that involves score means and the correlation was analysed by the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 22.0. The descriptive analysis findings indicate that the personality value (M=3.68) and self-efficacy (M=3.87) are rated on the medium-high level. Meanwhile, the agreeableness dimension stated as the most dominant personality with the record of the highest score (M=4.32), followed by the dimension of conscientiousness (M=3.84), extraversion (M=3.78), openness (M=3.53) and neuroticism (M=2.99). the finding also indicates the highest self-efficacy level belongs to the dimension of class management (M=3.91), followed by the student’s management (M=3.90) and teaching strategy (M=3.79). The result from the Pearson correlation indicates the presence of a significant relationship between the dimension of openness (r=0.616**), conscientiousness (r-0.605**) and agreeableness (r=0.364*) with self-efficacy. However, the dimensions of extraversion (r=0.068) and neuroticism (r=-0.171) are showing the absence of significant correlation towards the self-efficacy. Henceforth, this conducted research able to become as the foundation towards understanding the personality trait in order to elevate the self-efficacy amongst GPI.