Krasnodar Territory Research Articles

Preparation of ovarian fluid (caviar sol) of sturgeons for the use as physiological and functional ingredients in new generation food products

The development of the modern market for food functional ingredients involves the search for new raw materials, increasing efficiency and developing innovative technological processes for their production and introduction into fortified products, and the development of marketing promotion strategies. Considering this, we have conducted the research to assess physical, chemical and technological properties of secondary resources for the production of black caviar of sturgeon fish grown in the conditions of sturgeon farms in the Krasnodar Territory. It has been shown that ovarian fluid (caviar sol) has a high biological value, which is confirmed by the presence of all essential amino acids in caviar proteins. Caviar sol also contains a complex of basic macro- and micronutrients. The results obtained confirm that this product is a physiologically functional ingredient for the production of new generation food products. A technology has been developed for disinfecting caviar sol to increase its shelf life and of the products obtained from it. The processing of ovarian fluid (caviar sol) in the anode zone during electrolysis of an aqueous solution of table salt was carried out followed by its placement in the structure of a multiple emulsion sauce. Analysis of microbiological indicators has indicated that the processing of caviar sol and the production of sauce in the form of a multiple emulsion makes it possible to ensure microbiological indicators of the finished product that meet the requirements of TR CU 021/2011.

The influence of the weather conditions on the flowering time of crocuses from the collection of the Subtropical Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Iridaceae is a large family of herbaceous plants with numerous species and cultivars, diverse in the habitus and structure of aboveground and underground organs, colour and shape of the flower, as well as in terms and duration of phenological phases. The earliest flowering is specific for representatives of the genus Crocus. The purposeful formation and study of genetic collections of ornamental crops, including Crocus, was started by Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the 1960s. A large number of cultivars have been introduced and studied. The aim of the work is to study the influence of the weather conditions on the flowering terms of crocuses in the humid Russian subtropics on the Black Sea coast of Krasnodar Territory. This unique region belongs to a Mediterranean-type climate with relatively warm winters. The work was carried out in 2021-2023 according to the methods generally accepted in the introduction, as well as those being finalized by the Centre. Mathematical processing was performed in the Microsoft Office Excel 2007 program. The objects of research are 19 crocus cultivars from the bioresource collection (FRC SSC of RAS), including Crocus vernus - 7; C. chrysanthus - 4; C. tommasinianus - 4, 1 each C. flavus, C. biflorus, C. sublimis, C. olivieri. In the course of the work carried out, it has been found that climatic conditions of the humid Russian subtropics make it possible to successfully implement introduction studies on Crocus cultivars.

Introduction and adaptation of quinoa (<i>Chenopodium quinoa</i> Willd.) cultivars in Krasnodar region of Russia

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a cultivated plant of the Amaranthaceae family of Peruvian origin with high nutritional value. The Krasnodar region of Russia is a region with favorable climatic conditions for growing quinoa. The studies were carried out on the basis of Quinoa Center LLC, located in the Novokubansky district of the Krasnodar Territory. Four quinoa varieties were used as research material: Blanca de Juli, White Peru, Salcedo, the local variety Seva (included in the State Register of the Russian Federation in 2017) served as the standard. Various morphological parameters of plants were assessed and phenological observations were carried out.The results showed statistically significant differences between varieties in plant productivity. The White Peru variety responded positively to the new conditions and was introduced without irrigation. The productivity of the panicle was on average 100 g, for the standard variety Seva - 70 g. In the dynamics of the ontogenetic development cycle of four quinoa varieties, it was established that the optimal sowing time in the conditions of the Krasnodar Territory is May. The tested varieties were also assessed for grain quality. In the conditions of the Krasnodar region they showed good results, thanks to selection for white grain and panicle uniformity. However, not all of them can be adapted, since they need constant watering and for late-ripening varieties autumn rains negatively affect their yield. The local early ripening variety Seva is of interest to Peru. In Peru, the main problem reducing production is low yield caused by frost in the Puno Peru region. The Seva variety reaches phenological phases: the beginning of panicle formation (R6), panicle formation (R7), flowering (R8) and full panicle ripening, physiological maturity (R12) and due to its early ripening it avoids frost. Therefore, the Seva variety can be recommended for sowing in the Puno-Peru region, since it has a gene pool that provides cold resistance but this requires detailed study. In general, to optimize the introduction of quinoa in Russia further research on adaptability in the Krasnodar region is necessary.

Floristic analysis of the vegetation cover of the Belorechensky State Natural Zoological Reserve of Regional Importance (Krasnodar region)

The article is devoted to the floristic analysis of the vegetation cover of the territory of the State Natural Zoological Reserve second cluster (SPZZ) of regional significance «Belorechensky». Between 2020 and 2022 163 species of vascular plants belonging to 111 genera, 48 families were identified. The predominant families are Asteraceae - 13.5 %, Rosaceae - 9.2 %, Poaceae - 7.9 %. The conducted ecological analysis showed that in relation to the conditions of moisture, the vascular plants of the Belorechensky State Nature Reserve belong to four ecological groups: mesophytes - 66.26 %, xerophytes - 17.18 %, hygrophytes - 15.95 %, hydrophytes - 0.61 % . In relation to the lighting conditions, five heliomorphs were distinguished: heliophytes - 61.96 %, subheliophytes - 21.47 %, scioheliophytes - 12.27 %, semiheliophytes - 3.07 %, sciophytes - 1.23 %. As a result of the sosological analysis of the flora of the Belorechensky State Nature Reserve 2nd cluster, 3 plant species included in the Red Books of the Krasnodar Territory, the Republic of Adygea and the Russian Federation of different release years were identified: Cyclamen coum Mill. subsp. caucasicum (C. Koch) O. Schwarz, Helleborus caucasicus

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ ФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИ АКТИВНЫХ ВЕЩЕСТВ НА ПОВРЕЖДАЕМОСТЬ ВИНОГРАДА В УСЛОВИЯХ НИЗКИХ ТЕМПЕРАТУР

Over the past 30 years, multiple episodes of sharp temperature fluctuations have been observed in southern Russia, which ad-versely affected the stress load of cultivat-ed plants, contributed to increased tissue damage and the risk of their complete death. In the Krasnodar Territory, regularly repeated temperature drops in winter, typi-cal for the continental climate zone, cause significant economic damage to the viticul-ture industry. Abnormal manifestations re-sult in local and systemic losses. Local con-sequences − damage to the vegetative and generative organs of grape plants, up to the complete death of plantings. Thus, the search for physiologically active substances that are potentially capable of neutralizing the effects of low-temperature stress is an important task in agriculture. The article considers the influence of various physio-logically active substances on the change in damage to the tissues of the grape vine.

Креативные индустрии в муниципальных и региональных стратегиях Ивановской области и Краснодарского края

A methodology has been developed to assess the level of reflection of the topic of creative industries (CI) in municipal and regional strategies, tested in two regional (Ivanovo region and Krasnodar Territory) and ten municipal strategies (Krasnodar, Anapa, Gelendzhik, Novorossiysk, Tuapse and Ivanovo, Vichuga, Palekh, Privolzhsk , Shuya). The methodology provides for scoring the strategy text based on five characteristics: mention of the term CI; mention of activities related to CI; level of elaboration of the CI topic; attention to the types of activities included in the CI; availability of target indicators for CI. The strategy of the Krasnodar Territory and its municipalities, especially Anapa, Tuapse and Krasnodar, received high marks. In the Ivanovo region, only the strategies of Ivanovo and the region have good ratings. The remaining municipal strategies did not score even half of the possible points. Additionally, assessments of the objective level of CI development and the level of reflection of the CI theme in strategies were compared. The level of reflection of the CI topic in strategies is influenced by two factors: 1) the qualifications of the developers, their familiarity with the CI topic; 2) the objective significance of CI for the development of the city (region). The coincidence of both factors in the case of the Krasnodar Territory and its municipal district led to high estimates. Here the strategies were developed with the participation of a highly professional team of the Leontief Center Consortium - AV Group. The municipal district of Ivanovo region, significantly smaller in size and economic potential, could not afford to attract consultants, so the assessment of the level of development of CI is ahead of the assessment of the reflection of the topic in CI in the strategies of Palekh and Shuya. Recommendations are given on ways to strengthen the elaboration of the topic of CI in strategies.

Оценка реализации национальных проектов в сфере транспортной инфраструктуры (на примере регионов ЮФО)

The article analyzes the preliminary results of the implementation of the “Safe Quality Roads” and “Comprehensive Plan for the Modernization and Expansion of Main Infrastructure” projects, and identifies the regional features of their implementation for individual regions of the Southern Federal District - the Rostov region, the Krasnodar Territory, the Republic of Crimea. By 2022, the basic values ​​for individual target indicators have been achieved and, in general, given the existing positive dynamics in 2024, the rest will most likely be achieved. At the same time, project passports require revision taking into account regional characteristics. In Crimea, the share of roads that meet regulatory requirements is determined at a fairly low level - 38.8%, and with the current trend towards an increase in freight turnover, motorization, and tourist flow, road safety is significantly reduced, as evidenced by high accident rates. In this regard, target indicators for the quality of the road network should be revised upward. For the Rostov region, the federal project “Road Network” should include a list of agglomerations and for each of them the values ​​of basic indicators should be determined. Particular attention should be paid to the issue of transport support for small isolated settlements in all regional passports. “Safe Quality Roads” and “Comprehensive Plan for the Modernization and Expansion of Trunk Infrastructure” are labor-intensive and capital-intensive projects that require modern equipment and technologies. Infrastructure development will support the overall economic strategy. However, to achieve the assigned tasks, it is necessary to mobilize industrial production so that the modernization and creation of infrastructure is provided with domestic equipment and technologies. Based on the results of 2021, it can be argued that a qualitative transformation of the economy, accompanied by an acceleration in the growth rate of labor productivity, did not occur.

Новые находки нательных крестов на территории исторической Алании (II)

Introduction. One of the material evidences of the Christianization of the territory of historical Alania (the east of the Krasnodar Territory – the northern regions of Chechnya) in the period from the 10th to the beginning of the 13th centuries is the data of staurography: the finds of crosses-encolpia, pectoral crosses, crosses-quadrifolia. The study of this category of finds allows us to consider the features and chronology of the process of Christianization of the population of the largest state in the North Caucasus in the Middle Ages, to study more closely the historical and social portrait of ordinary members of the Christian community of Alania and its elite. Methods. As a result of the messianic activity of Byzantium, which led to the baptism of the Alans at the beginning of the 10th century, as well as the establishment of the Alan Diocese (914), objects of small Christian plastics – crosses of provincial Byzantine as well as ancient Russian origin – are becoming widespread on the territory of Alania. And already with the spread of Christianity in the local Alan environment there are imitative and imitation types of crosses that are not found outside the North Caucasus. To date, more than 125 different crosses are known on the territory of Alania. Analysis. To this case, we can add the finds of five more interesting specimens found in recent years in the eastern regions of the Krasnodar Krai, the south of the Stavropol Krai, the Republic of Karachay-Cherkessia. The first quadrifolia cross (fig. 1, 1) is a reverse leaf with the image of an unknown Holy Warrior (St. George?), dating from the second half of the 11th – 12th centuries. Such quadrifolia crosses (including two direct analogies) are known on the territory of Alania, originally imported from the urban craft centers of the Asia Minor provinces of Byzantium or Western Georgia, or could be made according to imported prototypes by local (or visiting) craftsmen. The four following crosses indicate the links between Alania and Ancient Russia. Two crosses (fig. 1, 2–3) – with three-part endings and a rhombic middle cross, one cross has traces of manufacturing defects – the right blade is not completely cast. These crosses were brought from the territory of the Old Russian state, where they are quite widespread and date back to the 11th – 12th century abroad. They are found on the territory of Latvia, Bulgaria and Romania, where they were also imported. The fourth cross (fig. 1, 4) is equi-pointed with rectangular branches. Similar crosses are known in the territory of Ancient Russia, from where they also came to the North Caucasus, where imitative crosses were made. They date from the end of the 11th – beginning of the 12th centuries. The fifth cross (fig. 1, 5) – with a square central part. Such crosses are widely found in many regions of Kievan Rus, but in the territory of the North Caucasus they were imported. Results. The considered finds of crosses complement the body of small Christian plastic products of the 11th – 13th centuries of ancient Russian origin, represented on the territory of Alania by crosses-encolpions, cast icons and coils. The presented finds of crosses not only add to the evidence of Christianization of Alania in the 11th – 12th centuries, but also indicate close trade, religious and ethno-cultural contacts of the population of the North Caucasus with the Asia Minor provinces of Byzantium, Georgia and Ancient Russia.

ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ И ХОЗЯЙСТВЕННАЯ УРОЖАЙНОСТЬ ВИНОГРАДА ПРИ ПРИМЕНЕНИИ НЕКОРНЕВЫХ ПОДКОРМОК

The article presents the results of 6-year experi-mental studies to identify the varietal reaction of table and wine grapevine grades on systematic use of foliar top dressing with special complex fertilizers of various compositions. One-factor field experiments were carried out in fruit-bearing industrial vine plantations of the Black Sea (Abrau-Durso LLC, Novorossiysk) and Anapa-Taman (Temryuksky district, Vysheste-blievskaya station) viticulture zones of the Kras-nodar Territory. The object of the study was technical (Merlot, Chardonnay) and table (Au-gustine, Moldova) grapevine varieties. The set-ting and conducting of experimental studies were based on the recommended methodological manuals adopted in viticulture. As a result of the conducted studies, the positive effect of foliar top dressing on the main productivity indicators of all studied grapevine varieties (fruiting coeffi-cient, number and mass of bunches) was re-vealed. The advantage of the systematic use of organomineral fertilizer Maxifol of various brands is determined by the indicator of the number of fertile shoots per bush in the varieties Chardonnay and Augustine. The effectiveness of the humic preparation "Norm L" was revealed in Merlot, Augustine, Moldova varieties. Special complex fertilizers of various compositions used in vine plantations provided a total increase in yield in experiment No. 1 in the amount of 13.9 t/ha (Merlot variety) and 11.6 t/ha (Char-donnay variety) in 2016–2021; in experiment No. 2 – 29.9 t/ha (Augustine variety) and 27.0 t/ha (variety Moldova).

ВЛИЯНИЕ СПОСОБА ОБРЕЗКИ НА ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО ВИНОГРАДА СОРТА КРАСНОСТОП АЗОС ПРИ ВЫСОКОШТАМБОВОЙ КУЛЬТУРЕ

The results of studies of wine grapevine variety Krasnostop AZOS tolerant to phylloxera are presented. The study was carried out in order to determine the optimal length of pruning and the load of grapevine bushes in the conditions of the Black Sea agroecological zone. The work was carried out in 2018−2020 in the Temryuk-sky district of the Krasnodar Territory. The ob-jects of research were own-rooted vineyards with different fruit cane lengths: short − 4 eyes, medium − 8 eyes and long − 10 eyes. Industrial vineyards were laid in 2006, planting scheme was 3×2, the bushes were formed according to the type − a high-trunk horizontal cordon. With an increase in the length of pruning by 10 eyes, the indicators of fruiting and fruitfulness (K1 and K2) increase slightly. When the length of the pruning was 4 eyes, there was a tendency to decrease fruiting and fruitfulness (K1 and K2). The highest yield of 9.6 t/ha was obtained in the variant with pruning by 8 eyes, which is 0.8 t/ha higher than in the variant with pruning by 4 eyes and 1.0 t/ha higher than with pruning by 10 ha.

Predicting the Development of Thrombosis of the Femoral-Popliteal Bypass in the Long-Term Follow-Up Period

Aim of study. The development of a program for predicting thrombosis with subsequent amputation of a limb in the long-term period after femoral-popliteal bypass (FPB).Material and methods. This is a retrospective open comparative study performed from January 10, 2016 to December 25, 2019 at Research Institute – Professor S.V. Ochapovsky Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1 of the Ministry of Health of the Krasnodar Territory, Krasnodar, which included 473 patients who underwent FPB. Depending on the type of bypass, five groups were formed: Group 1 (n=266), reversed vein (great saphenous vein (GSV); Group 2 (n=59), autovenous vein (GSV), prepared in situ; Group 3 (n=66), autovenous vein (GSV), prepared ex situ; Group 4 (n=9) synthetic graft (Jotec, Germany); Group 5 (n=73), veins of the upper limb (forearm and shoulder). In all cases of observation, multislice computed tomography with angiography revealed an extensive (25 cm or more) atherosclerotic occlusive lesion of the superficial femoral artery, corresponding to type D according to the transatlantic consensus (TASC II). The long-term followup period was 16.6±10.3 months.Results. During the hospital postoperative period, all complications developed in groups 1, 2, 3 and 5. However, no significant intergroup statistical differences were found. In the long-term follow-up period, according to the mortality rate (group 1: 4.6%; group 2: 1.7%; group 3: 4.6%; group 4: 0%; group 5: 2.8%; p=0.78), myocardial infarction (group 1: 1.9%; group 2: 0%; group 3: 1.5%; group 4: 0%; group 5: 0%; p=0.62), ischemic stroke (group 1: 0.8%; group 2: 1.7%; group 3: 1.5%; group 4: 0%; group 5: 0%; p=0.8) and bybass thrombosis (group 1: 14.5%; group 2: 19.3%; group 3: 18.5%; group 4: 44.4%; group 5: 19.7%; p=0.16), no significant intergroup differences were identified. However, the largest number of limb amputations (group 1: 4.2%; group 2: 5.3%; group 3: 9.2%; group 4: 22.2%; group 5: 1.4%; p=0.03) and the maximum composite endpoint (sum of all complications) (group 1: 26.0%; group 2: 28.1%; group 3: 35.4%; group 4: 66.7%; group 5: 23 .9%; p=0.05) were observed after the use of a synthetic graft. Using “random forest” analysis, a model and computer program was created that allows, the risk (low, medium, high) of developing bypass thrombosis to be assessed interactively, based on clinical, anamnestic, demographic and perioperative data, with subsequent amputation after FPB in the long-term follow-up period.Conclusions. Revascularization strategy for patients with extended atherosclerotic lesions of the femoropopliteal segment should be determined individually and only by a multidisciplinary council. The conduit of choice for femoral-popliteal bypass surgery is an autovenous graft. Synthetic prostheses can only be used in the absence of the latter. To identify a group of patients with a high risk of thrombosis of the femoral-popliteal bypass and limb amputation in the long-term follow-up period, the created risk stratification program for the development of these complications can be used. Precision supervision of these patients in the postoperative period will make it possible to prevent these adverse events in time.

Анализ результатов оценки интеллектуального потенциала региона как фактора социально-экономического развития Краснодарского края

In modern economic conditions characterized by increased knowledge intensity and knowledge intensity of innovative industries, the issues of identifying patterns and features of the influence of the intellectual potential of the region on the level of socio-economic development of individual regions and the state as a whole are relevant. In the process of comparative analysis of the values of the indices of the intellectual potential of the Krasnodar Territory and the Russian Federation for the period from 2020 to 2022. The following trend opportunities were identified: equality of opportunities in the field of education with index values of 0,71≈0,72; superior opportunities in the scientific field in the Krasnodar Territory with index values of 0,50<0,60; superior opportunities in the field of innovative production in the Russian Federation with index values of 0,63>0,59. The result of the structural analysis of the results of the corresponding assessment for the period from 2018 to 2022 was the identification of the same result for the Krasnodar Territory and the Russian Federation: high values – 20%; average values – 80%. As a result of the analysis of the corresponding comparative dynamics, a pattern was revealed: an increase in the index of the intellectual potential of the region by 0,01 leads to an increase in the gross regional product by 2,5% and gross domestic product by 1,75%.

First record of the azalea lace bug Stephanitis pyrioides (Scott, 1874) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae) in the European part of Russia: Molecular genetics and taxonomy of an alien pest

AbstractThe azalea lace bug Stephanitis (Stephanitis) pyrioides (Scott, 1874) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae) originates from the East Palaearctic. In 2020, this alien species was recorded for the first time in the European part of Russia (Krasnodar Territory, Sochi), notably attacking Rhododendron × hybridum hort. It most likely arrived there with plants for planting from Italy. The main morphological characteristics of adults and larvae are described and illustrated. The morphological differences between S. pyrioides and closely related S. pyri (Fabricius, 1775) are highlighted in the key to distinguish these two species, bearing in mind that now both of them can be found in the south of the European part of Russia. Additionally, DNA barcoding data for S. pyrioides from Sochi were analysed against other related species of Stephanitis whose DNA barcodes are available in Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) and GenBank: S. takeyai Drake et Maa, 1955, S. oberti (Kolenati, 1857), S. mendica Horváth, 1912, and S. chinensis Drake, 1948. The bionomics, distribution, damage and impact of S. pyrioides are outlined.

Agroecological assessment of herbicides application on soybean crops in the central zone of Krasnodar Territory, Russia

Aim. Agroecological assessment of herbicides application on crops of soybean variety Arleta in the central zone of Krasnodar Territory.Materials and Methods. The experiments were carried out on the experimental field of the Federal Research Centre of Biological Plant Protection in 2022 according to the methodological recommendations for testing herbicides in agriculture. Herbicides from different chemical classes were used in the experiment. Efficiency was assessed by the difference in weed and soybean grain yield in comparison with the control. The comparative ecotoxicological load of preparations was carried out according to the ecological load and the coefficient of selectivity of action for the soil.Results. Weed species in the experiment were highly effectively suppressed by the herbicides Pulsar, BP, Pivot, VK and a mixture of Bazagran, BP + Zellek Super, and KE (88–98 %). When using Dual Gold, EC, Frontier Optima, EC and Proponit, and EC before the soybean shoots, the biological efficacy was lower. The preparations Pulsar, BP and Pivot, and VK, in comparison with other herbicides, had a lower level of environmental load and a high coefficient of selective action and meet modern safety requirements for the natural environment.Conclusions. In order to protect the environment when choosing herbicides for application on soybean crops in the central zone of Krasnodar Territory, they should be comprehensively selected taking into account the ecotoxicological load of the preparations.

Effect of the biological protection system on the composition of soil microbiota and quality of potatoes in the central agro‐climatic zone of Krasnodar Territory, Russia

Aim. Assessment of the effect of biological products on soil suppression, biological efficacy, yield and biochemical parameters of potatoes in Krasnodar Territory.Material and Methods. The experiment was carried out on potatoes of the Colomba variety. The biological preparations against potato diseases have been studied. The research was carried out according to generally accepted methods.Results. During the study period, representatives of the genera Alternaria, Fusarium, Verticillium, Cladosporium, Trichoderma, Penicillium, Aspergillus were identified in the complex of soil fungi. When using biological products, an increase in Trichoderma spp. and conditionally suppressive fungi Penicillium spp. and Aspergillus spp. compared with the control and the chemical protection option, by 4.0 and 29.0 times, 1.7 and 1.8 times and 1.4 and 4.5 times, respectively, was observed. The efficacy of the biological products against Alternaria and Fusarium wilt was 73.4–77.7 % in the first year of the research, and 70.0–76.3 % in the second year, which was higher than chemical protection by 3.3–3.8 % and 0.8–2.7 %, respectively. The yield of potato tubers was higher than the control and the chemical protection option by 49.3–10.1 %. The highest content of vitamin C was noted in the biological protection system option. The content of nitrates in all variants of the experiment was within the normal range. The content of starch was higher than the control and the chemical protection option by 1.1–0.2%, respectively.Conclusions. The application of a biological protection system made it possible to reduce the development of Alternaria and Fusarium on potato plants, increase soil suppression, increase yield and improve biochemical indicators.

Genetic variability of the pear lace bug Stephanitis pyri F. (Heteroptera: Tingidae) in Krasnodar Territory, Russia

Aim. Study of the genetic variability of the pear lace bug Stephanitis pyri F. depending on geographical location and trophic specialization.Material and Methods. The object of the study was insect samples (n=60) from the natural population of the pear lace bug Stephanitis pyri F. (Tingidae: Heteroptera) in the Krasnodar Territory: in Krasnodar, Kropotkin and Novorossiysk. The collection of S. pyri bugs was carried out on model trees of domestic apple (Malus domestica Borkh) and sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.). Molecular genetic analysis was carried out in several stages: sample preparation, DNA extraction, and diagnostics based on RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA)‐PCR (DNA amplification).Results. With the help of molecular genetic markers, the genetic variability of the pear lace bug in the Krasnodar Territory was studied. The indicators of genetic differentiation between geographic (Gst=0.209) and trophic (Gst=0.049–0.302) intrapopulation groups of S. pyri were calculated. The levels of variability were determined within geographic (79.1 %) and trophic groups (70.0–95.1 %), as well as between them – 20.9 % and 4.9–30 %, respectively. The influence of the food factor on the genetic diversity and differentiation of insect populations is shown through the example of the Kropotkin trophic group of bugs that prefer the sour cherry P. cerasus as the main food plant.Conclusion. A small effect of isolation by distance was noted, which was characterized by a weak dependence of geographical and genetic distances between the population groups of the pear lace bug. The influence of the nutritional factor on the genetic variability of phytophages populations has been established, as is confirmed by other researchers.

Assessment of the Negative Impact of the Quarantine Pest Oak Lace Bug in the Western Caucasus

In 2015, an invasive oak lace bug (Corythucha arcuata) (Say, 1832), a representative of the North American fauna of lace bugs (Heteroptera: Tingidae), was discovered in the Krasnodar Territory. The main harmfulness of oak lace bug lies in it sucking the cell juices from the leaves, as a result of which their chlorosis develops, which can be especially dangerous and serve as a cause of repression and death of oaks. To assess the foraging impact of oak lace nug, we analysed the pigment composition of English oak (Quercus robur L.) leaves before and after infestation. The optical density of the extracted pigments was measured on a spectrophotometer. The functional state of the photosynthetic apparatus was assessed using a portable chlorophyll fluorometer. As a result, a significant decrease in the content of the main photosynthetic pigment, chlorophyll, as well as carotenoids was found, which indicates the suppression of the plant’s nonspecific protective mechanism. In parallel, there occurs a decrease in the photosynthetic activity coefficient and the vitality level. However, these negative processes are at least partially offset by an increase in chlorophyll b, which prevents the inhibition of CO2 assimilation. Pest damage causes a significant decrease in leaf thickness, mainly due to a decrease in the biometric parameters of spongy and columnar parenchyma.

The structure of the segetal flora of field crops in the steppe zone of Krasnodar Territory

A comparative analysis of the species composition of the segetal flora of the surveyed steppe zone and the segetal flora of the entire Krasnodar Territory based on the materials of numerous scientific publications is presented. The main part of the floristic spectra of both segetal florae coincides in the composition of the 10 leading families, which attests to their unity. The leading families in the compared lists are Asteraceae Dumort., Poaceae Barnhart, Fabaceae Lindl., and Brassicaceae Burnett. Floristic homogeneity of the weed species compositions between the segetal floras in the areas under different types of field crops is considered. Besides, species with a high degree of permanency in the agrocenoses of each field crop have been identified. These species are objects of phytosanitary risk for a number of field crops or some of them in the steppe zone of Krasnodar Territory. The most common weeds in the fields of all surveyed crops are field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.), common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.), bristly thistle (Cirsium setosum (Willd.) Bess.), and cockspur grass (Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv.). Information about the predicted widespread species in the fields under a certain crop will make it possible to plan the volume of production or purchase of protective means focusing on groups of dominant species, and anticipate possible changes in the reformatting of the acreage structure, violations of the reclamation system and crop rotation schemes, etc.

Ecogeographic study of peanut accessions from the VIR collection

Background. It has been shown that southern oilseeds, including peanuts, can be successfully grown in the south of the Russian Federation under the conditions of Krasnodar Territory and Astrakhan Province. Currently, only two peanut cultivars are included in the State Register of the Russian Federation: ‘Otradokubansky’ and ‘Astrakhansky 5’. Development of raw material for obtaining new peanut cultivars adaptable to the growing conditions in Krasnodar Territory and Astrakhan Province is a relevant task.Materials and methods. We examined 57 peanut accessions of various origins from the VIR collection. The study of peanut accessions for agronomic characters was carried out in two ecogeographic sites located in Krasnodar Territory and Astrakhan Province. Cv. ‘Otradokubansky’ was used as a reference. ANOVA was applied for statistical data processing.Results and discussion. A wide range of variability in agronomic characters was revealed during the study of peanut accessions. The most stable character was the 1000 seed weight. The share of the genotype the variability of productivity was from 30 to 40%. A great effect of soil and climate factors and the place of cultivation on the ripening of beans was observed. Seed yield depended on the genotype (60–70%) as well as on the temperature factors and the presence of moisture in the soil. The best accessions were selected according to their agronomic characters; they may serve as promising material for breeding. Some accessions are able to produce a good harvest either in Astrakhan Province or Krasnodar Territory, while others can do it regardless of the place of cultivation. This study confirmed the possibility of growing peanuts in Astrakhan Province on medium loamy soils under irrigation, or in Krasnodar Territory on black earth without irrigation.

Clinical features of the course of tuberculous meningitis in HIV-infected patients

Background. Central nervous system tuberculosis is one of the most severe forms of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, which is due to an unfavorable clinical course, a high incidence of neurological complications and deaths. Despite this, the problem of early diagnosis is still not solved.
 Aim. To study the clinical and laboratory-instrumental features of the early diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis in HIV-infected patients.
 Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of 31 case histories of patients with tuberculous lesions of the meninges and central nervous system in the late stages of HIV infection who were treated at the Clinical Tuberculosis Dispensary of Krasnodar Territory in 20202022 was carried out. The data of clinical manifestations of the disease, the results of laboratory and instrumental methods of examination were analyzed. Statistical data processing was performed by Microsoft Office Excel 2021 with the calculation of averages, standard deviation.
 Results. Tuberculous lesions of the meninges and the central nervous system among HIV-infected people were more common in men of working age who were not previously registered in a tuberculosis dispensary. All HIV-infected patients had late stages of HIV infection with severe immunodeficiency: the content of CD4+ lymphocytes less than 100 cells was detected in 45.46%; from 100 to 200 cells/l of CD4+ lymphocytes were recorded in 36.36%, more than 200 cells/l in 18.18%. Also, in all the studied patients, the primary focus was established in the form of tuberculosis of the respiratory organs, represented in 56.52% of cases by disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis. More than 70% had generalized tuberculosis with damage to the kidneys, spleen, and peripheral lymph nodes. A feature of the manifestation of tuberculous meningitis in HIV-infected people can be considered a high frequency of acute increase in neurological symptoms. Of the cerebral manifestations, the most common were: headache, dizziness, photophobia. 13.04% of HIV-infected patients complained of nausea and vomiting. 91.30% showed signs of damage to the substance of the brain, represented by mono-, hemiparesis and damage to the cranial nerves, mainly IIIIV, VI, VII pairs. The composition of CSF in HIV-positive patients revealed the presence of mild pleocytosis (up to 100 cells/l) in 56.52% of cases. The nature of the change in the concentration of proteins, chlorides and glucose is nonspecific.
 Conclusions. The study revealed the features of medical and social characteristics, clinical and laboratory and instrumental picture of tuberculous meningitis in HIV-infected patients and without HIV infection.