Krasnodar Region Research Articles

Regional economic policy, goals, results assessment (the Krasnodar region case)

Regional economic policy, goals, results assessment (the Krasnodar region case)

Variability of Morphological Characters of the Genus Alburnoides (Pisces, Leuciscidae) from Watercourses in Southern Russia

The variability of the morphological characters of the genus Alburnoides Jeitteles, 1861 from watercourses in the south of Russia (five rivers of the Crimean Peninsula and two rivers of the Krasnodar Territory) is considered. It has been established that in spirlins within the study areas, body sizes average from 60.1 ± 1.45 mm in individuals from the river Gostagayka (Krasnodar region) up to 88.2 ± 1.87 mm in fish from the river Angara (Crimean Peninsula). Using the Mann–Whitney test, statistically significant differences were registered between the samples in most plastic characters; they were absent in meristic characters. In the studied regions, heterogeneity in the structure of the genus Alburnoides was noted: according to the results of cluster analysis for the totality of all studied characters, the greatest similarity was found in samples from Crimean rivers that are geographically close to each other (rivers Chernaya, Belbek, Kacha and Alma), but group from the river Angara adjoins them at a higher level of divergence. A separate group is formed by samples from the rivers of the Krasnodar Territory. The obtained data are consistent with the literary information on the formation of the ichthyofauna in the rivers of Crimea; the established clear differences between the charaters from the rivers of southern Russia require a more detailed study.

Закладка виноградника на основе принципов энерго-ресурсосбережения

Abstract. The article contains materials that form the basis of a feasibility study (FS) for laying a vineyard (from planting to fructification), developed according to the principle of energy and resource conservation provided for in the project assignment. The project documentation is being developed in order to optimize the complex of sequential technological operations and production processes aimed at creating a sustainably functioning viticultural economy. The general principles of energy and resource conservation include: the latest achievements of science and best practices in the field of viticulture, rational use of land funds, thanks to preliminary soil surveys, optimized varietal composition, design of plantings and compact placement of arrays with the prospect of irrigation, reduction of energy losses to the level of operationally unavoidable, the use of highly concentrated, complex agrochemicals and methods of their application, the availability of appropriate infrastructure, design estimates optimized with the prospect of improvement and modernization (energy and resource-saving object estimates), planned economic productivity of plantations, measures to maintain the economic fertility of soils corresponding to the biological requirements of grape culture, which determines the stability and productivity of perennial plantations. Methodological approaches and current methods, publications of a recommendatory nature used for the development of a feasibility study are indicated. The successive stages of the development of project documentation are considered, the techniques that contribute to reducing the costs of production processes are outlined. The recommended regionalized and promising assortment of grapes for the formation of highly productive stable ampelocenoses ensuring stable highly profitable functioning of enterprises of the grape-growing industry in the Krasnodar region is presented and justified. The recommended current varietal composition of plantings is compiled taking into account the edaphoclimatic conditions of the design object, the agrobiological characteristics of grape varieties, as well as taking into account current global trends in the organization of a sustainably functioning highly efficient industrial enterprise for the production of viticulture products. Keywords: ampelocenosis, project assignment, long-term planning, varietal policy, energy and resource conservation

Влияние различных рас дрожжей на качество саке из отечественного сырья

Abstract. In the alcoholic beverage market, some attention has recently been paid to new beverages, one such beverage is saké. Along with other imported products, it is also necessary to establish production of this drink for the purpose of import substitution. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of different yeast races on the quality of saké from domestic raw materials and to develop recommendations for their use. The research tasks included the study of the following issues: testing of different yeasts, study of the quality of domestic raw materials – rice from Krasnodar region for saké production, study of biochemical parameters of the obtained products, study of the elemental composition of saké, organoleptic evaluation of products. The research was carried out in the laboratory of the Department of Horticulture, Viticulture and Winemaking of the Institute of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture at the Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education “Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy” and in the Scientific Centre “Low-tonnage chemistry”. Eight yeast strains were included in the study, which were infected with steamed rice grains. Observations, records and analyses were carried out for each of 8 experimental samples: elemental and chemical composition, alcohol content, organoleptic indicators. For the first time in the established zymological features of yeast quality in obtaining products from domestic raw materials, features of microbiological characteristics of the resulting product and gave a conclusion and recommendations for the production of sake. Optimal variants of yeast, regularities of formation of biochemical composition of saké, content of various elements in the finished product, organoleptic indicators are established, recommendations on the studied factors are made. Key words: Yeast strains, saké, Japanese culture, sensory analysis, rice wine

Фенологические особенности развития сортов вишни в меняющихся погодно-климатических условиях

Annotation. Cherry is a stone fruit crop cultivated in almost all regions of Russia. Currently, there is a significant change in weather and climatic conditions, their impact leads to a shift in the phenological phases of plant development and to disruption of the stages of organogenesis. In this regard, there is a need to study the passage of phenological phases of cherry development in the changing weather and climatic conditions of the southern region. The research was carried out on the basis of the collective use center (CUC) “Genetic collection of fruit crops” in the period 2020-2023 in the Kuban horticulture zone of Krasnodar region. The objects of research were 11 varieties of sour cherries of various ecological and geographical origins. Planting scheme is 5x3 m, rootstock is antipka seedlings. During the research, the sum of active temperatures during the cherry growing season was determined, which determines the occurrence of the main phenological phases of development of cherry varieties in the annual development cycle. It was established that over the years of research, on average, the sum of active temperatures exceeded the long-term average by 551,7 °C. It was determined that during the research period the phenological phase “beginning of growing season” of cherries took place at a sum of temperatures of 32.8-54.2 °C. The phenological phase of “beginning of flowering” for most varieties in 2020 and 2023 occurred earlier than the long-term average date by 2-8 days, in 2023 – by 2-6 days, and in 2021-2022 – later by 2-14 days. It was revealed that at the phenophase "beginning of flowering", early cherry varieties (Krasnodarskaya sladkaya, Chudo vishnya), medium (Timati, Feya, Assol’, Svatlaya) are strongly affected by stress. Tamaris and Hodosa cherry varieties of late ripening showed relatively high resistance to stress during the flowering period. Key words: cherry, variety, phenological characteristics, flowering, climate.

Dynamics of extreme climatic variables for viticulture in the main zones of ampelocenosis of the Krasnodar region

Modern climate changes affect all branches of agriculture. Everywhere there is an increase in air temperature, changes in precipitation, an increase in extreme weather events. Since the productive lifespan of a grape plant is 30-40 years, it is necessary to assess climatic changes in order to create a variety adapted to changes. The purpose of the research is to assess changes in extreme heat supply and relative humidity in the main viticultural areas of the Krasnodar region. The average values of extreme heat supply and relative humidity variables of two climatological periods of 1961–1990 and 1991–2020, their changes over time and the course of variable’s anomalies of 1991–2020 compared with the average values of 1961–1990 are calculated. An increase in the absolute maximum air temperature by 0.2–1.6 °C for the period 1991–2020 was noted compared to the previous period, with the exception of Novorossiysk (decrease by 1.4 °C); an increase in the average absolute maximum air temperature by 1.5–2.5 °C, an increase in the number of days with a maximum air temperature above +35 °C by 1.0–2.3 days; a decrease in the average relative humidity of April–October by 0.7–2.7 % and an increase in the number of days with a minimum relative humidity of less than 30 % over the summer by 0.8–5.4 days. The variability of these variables over time for the period 1991–2020 is consistent with the change in the average. An increase in the absolute maximum was established (by 0.65–0.9 °C/10 years), the number of days with a maximum air temperature above +35 °C (by 0.8–1.1 days/10 years), the number of days with a minimum relative humidity of less than 30% over the summer (by 1.2–7.2 days/10 years); decrease in the average relative humidity of April–October (by 0.5–6.5 %/10 years). These changes indicate an increase in climate extremes and the frequency of unfavorable conditions for grapes in the summer, which requires an adjustment of the assortment.

The First Cranial Trepanation Find in a Meotian Burial Ground (Starokorsunskiy Settlement No. 2, Krasnodar Region)

A young woman’s skeleton dating back to the Meotian archaeological culture was studied during the investigation of the paleoanthropological series of the burial ground of the Starokorsunsky settlement No. 2. The burial ground is located in the Krasnodar Territory and is dated to the 4th century BC – 2nd century AD, while the burial under discussion dates back to the 2nd century BC – 2nd century AD. A trepanation hole with signs of healing was found on the skull of a young female of 17–25 years of age. In order to describe the pathological changes recorded on the cranial vault recommendations applied in modern paleoanthropology were used. Differential diagnosis was performed using descriptive macroscopic and X-ray diagnostic methods. It was possible to establish that the trepanation hole was made at least several years before the death of the individual. We suggested that the reason for the operation could be early synostosis of the skull sutures, and this manipulation was designed to reduce intracranial pressure and headaches caused by it. The article discusses the likely origins of medical skills for surgical manipulation. It is concluded that so far the data obtained do not allow us to speak unequivocally about the acquisition of medical knowledge by Meots from residents of the Asian Bosporus or from the Sarmatian environment.

Characterization of Jurassic mudstones of the Northwest Caucasus as a raw material for clinker tile production

The article characterizes Jurassic mudstones of the North-West Caucasus as a potential raw material for the production of clinker tiles with water absorption of less than 3%. It is noted that traditional for the south of Russia raw materials for the production of ceramic bricks and tiles in the last centuries were various types of loams, which are widely distributed almost throughout the territory. However, for a number of reasons, they cannot be considered as raw materials for the production of clinker tiles, for which there has been a steady demand in recent years, especially on the Black Sea coast. Geographically, the Jurassic sediments in the Krasnodar region are traced in a wide strip (50–100 km) at a distance of 20 to 60 km from the coast. These are the oldest rocks in the region. The thickness of numerous mudstones varies from a few to many tens of meters. The chemical composition of mudstones is characterized by the content of aluminum oxide from 17 to 22 %, increased content of potassium oxide and iron oxides. The mineral composition is represented by hydrous mica, kaolinite and chlorite with admixture of quartz and feldspars. Pre-firing properties of argillites can be regulated by the degree of grinding. In terms of sinterability, argillites are qualified as a strong-medium sintering raw material of low-temperature sintering with high strength of ceramic stone. The results and analysis of the obtained data allow us to assert that the Jurassic mudstones of the North-West Caucasus are potentially suitable raw materials for production of clinker tiles with a wide range of physical and technical properties using a simplified technology.

Durum wheat from North African countries (Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt) in the southern planar zone of the Dagestan Republic conditions

In 2022-2023 at the Dagestan experimental station of the All-Russian Research Institute branch, under irrigated conditions during winter sowing 615 samples of durum wheat from North African countries (Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt) were studied for a set of breeding valuable traits (earliness, resistance to fungal diseases, productivity, height plants, lodging, number of grains per ear, weight of grain per ear and weight of 1000 grains). Standard varieties are k-66674 Odari, k-67482 Yarina (Krasnodar region), k-32453 Derbentskaya black-eared (Dagestan). Productive durum wheat varieties with high adaptive potential have been identified (k-16221, k-16242 and k-54550 from Algeria), which can be used for genetic research and in practical breeding to improve existing varieties and create new ones.

Predicting the number of road accidents involving personal mobility aids on the example of Krasnodar krai

Introduction. Nowadays personal mobility aids (SIMs) are in active demand. According to the data of the mass media, the considered means of mobility are particularly popular in southern cities, such as the cities of Krasnoyarsk region, in which 190 accidents involving SIMs occurred during the period of 2018–2023. In order to assess the changing situation in the field of accidents involving SIMs in the scale of southern cities, a model for predicting the number of accidents involving the considered means of transportation within the framework of this study using the example of Krasnodar Krai was developed.Methods and Materials. In order to predict the number of traffic accidents, mathematical modelling methods have been used as a research method, in particular the science of econometrics has been applied, which is quite often used to evaluate statistical indicators from a mathematical point of view.Results. The authors have developed a model for predicting the number of accidents involving SIM for Krasnodar region with a reliability of 67%.Conclusion. It was found that the increasing nature of change in the considered quantities can be described using a multiplicative model consisting of three components – seasonal, trend and random. The calculation of all components enables to determine the type of model (), which can calculate the number of accidents involving SIM for the subject (Krasnodar Krai) under consideration.

ЦИФРОВОЕ СЕЛЬСКОЕ ХОЗЯЙСТВО: ОПЫТ РОССИЙСКИХ РЕГИОНОВ

The article is devoted to certain aspects of digitalization of the Russian agro-industrial complex in the regional context. The task of increasing the efficiency of agricultural activities and the transition to import-substituting food production is key in modern conditions of sanctions pressure and trade restrictions. One of the effective solutions to this task is the large-scale digitalization of the agro-industrial sector in all regions of Russia. The article reveals the most popular digital solutions currently used by Russian agricultural enterprises. Among them are precision agriculture, precision animal husbandry, agricultural robotization, artificial intelligence, and drone technologies. Precision agriculture and precision animal husbandry are considered in the context of individual regions. It is proved that the leading positions in the field of application of precision farming elements belong to such Russian regions as the Krasnodar Territory, the Voronezh Region and the Belgorod Region. Krasnodar Region is also one of the leaders in the use of digital elements in the livestock sector. Along with it, the leading regions for the use of precision livestock farming solutions are the Udmurt Republic, the Altai Territory, and the Sverdlovsk Region. As a result of the study, it was concluded that an increasing number of agricultural enterprises use digital solutions in their practice. This, on the one hand, allows agricultural producers to receive additional benefits associated with increased productivity and efficiency, and on the other hand, creates new problems in terms of high costs for the introduction of digital technologies and a shortage of qualified IT agri-specialists. Each agricultural enterprise has to independently find a compromise between the possible benefits and costs of digitalization.

Агробиологические особенности новых гибридных форм винограда, полученных в результате скрещивания формы Филлоксероустойчивый Джемете с сортом Красностоп анапский

Abstraсt. The results of research aimed at creating new generation varieties are highlighted. The aim of the research was to study the agrobiological features of new hybrid forms of grapes obtained as a result of crossing the Fillokseroustoychivyi Dzhemete form with the variety Krasnostop Anapskiy, the prospects of their application for industrial use in plantations in the Krasnodar region. The research was carried out in the conditions of the Black Sea agroecological zone of viticulture of Krasnodar region in the period from 2021 to 2023 by classical methods, the chemical composition of berry juice was determined according to GOST 27198-87, GOST 32114-2013. The control variety was Krasnostop Anapskiy. Ampelographic description of three hybrid forms of technical grapes (K-73-1, K-74-17, 62-23) was performed and their evaluation was carried out. It was found out that by the duration of the vegetation period the form K-74-17 is referred to the middle ripening period, and K-73-1 and 62-23 to the middle late ripening period. Agrobiological indicators of the studied hybrid forms testify to good preservation of buds in the winter period. The fruitfulness coefficient k2 was the best in hybrid K-73-1 and was 1.6, which is at the level of the control variety. The actual yield per bush in the hybrids K-73-1 and 62-23 exceeded the control variety. According to the indicator of mass concentration of sugars, hybrid 62-23 was singled out with a result of 24.1 g/100 cm3 , with titratable acidity of 5.8 g/dm3 . Hybrid forms K-73-1 and K-74-17 were characterized by resistance to Plasmopara viticola Berl. et de Toni. The conducted studies allowed us to recommend forms K-73-1, K-74-17, 62-23 for further study, and DNA-marker study of genetic potential of forms K-73- 1 and K-74-17 should be carried out. Keywords: grapes, hybrid form, fruitfulness coefficient k1, fruitfulness coefficient k2 Financing source: The research was carried out within the State Task of Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation for the FSBSI NCFSCHVW.

Efficacy and safety of levilimab in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Evaluation in real clinical practice of the effectiveness and safety of levilimab therapy in patients with highly and moderately active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A prospective observational study (6 months) involving 35 patients with RA (29 women and 6 men, mean age 53.17±13.2 years) who were treated at the Ochapovsky Regional Clinic Hospital of Krasnodar Region. All patients included in the study were prescribed the drug levilimab (Ilsira). After 1 month of observation, there was a decrease in the clinical and laboratory activity of the process in the form of a decrease in the number of painful joints - 17.0 (14.0; 20.0) vs 8.0 (6.0; 10.0); p=0.000001, number of swollen joints - 3.0 (2.0; 4.0) vs 0.0 (0.0; 0.0); p=0.000002, reduction in pain intensity according to visual analog scale - 60.0 (60.0; 70.0) mm vs 30.0 (20.0; 40.0) mm (p=0.000001). Also, by the end of the first month of therapy, there was a decrease in clinical activity indices DAS28-ESR by 43%, SDAI by 60%, CDAI by 55%. Positive dynamics of laboratory parameters were noted - a decrease in erythrocyte sedimentation rate by 76%, a decrease in C-reactive protein level by 98%. By the 6th month of therapy, a decrease in RF by 36% and ACCP by 11% was recorded, but the dynamics of these indicators did not reach statistical significance. By the end of 4 weeks of treatment, 24 (68.6%) patients showed an increase in the level of total blood cholesterol - 5.1 (3.91; 6.0) mmol/L vs 6.1 (4.99; 7.07) mmol/L (p=0.000006), while 11 (45.8%) patients from this group had initially elevated cholesterol levels (6.4±0.6 mmol/L). In 5 (14.3%) patients, an increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was recorded in the 4th week - 17.0 (11.0; 25.0) U/L vs 32.0 (22.0; 43.0) U/L (p=0.000062) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) - 19.0 (14.0; 24.0) U/L vs 25.0 (18.0; 36.0) U/L (p=0.000171), in 1 (2.85%) of the patient, an increase in ALT and AST above normal was noted (ALT 144 U/L, AST 52 U/L), which required discontinuation of levilimab. In 2 (5.7%) patients, by the end of the 4th week a decrease in the absolute number of neutrophils was registered - 3.2 (2.6; 4.0)×10E9/L vs 2.3 (2.0; 2.5)×10E9/L (p=0.002), which did not require discontinuation of treatment, since the number of cells remained more than 1×10E9/L. During treatment with levilimab 162 mg subcutaneously once a week, the proportion of patients taking prednisolone decreased from 46% at the start of therapy to 11% at the end of 6 months of therapy. Levilimab is a highly effective drug for the treatment of patients with highly and moderately active RA and has a favorable tolerability and safety profile.

Оздоровление растений винограда сорта Красностоп АЗОС от вируса скручивания листьев -1, -2 и -3 (grapevine leafroll-associated viruses -1, -2 and -3) методом термотерапии

Abstract. The grapevine leafroll-associated virus is one of the most harmful and economically significant. It is known from scientific literature sources that in the vineyards of the Krasnodar region this virus is spread over an area of 50 %. The problem of increasing the phytosanitary stability of grape plantations necessitates the constant improvement of protection systems, in which methods of improving planting material are of great importance. To date, there are several methods for inactivating viral particles and freeing individual plant organs from viral infection – in vitro, thermo- and chemotherapy. Thermotherapy is one of the widely used methods that involves growing and disinfecting vines at temperatures that can delete or inactivate viruses. This method focuses on inactivating viruses rather than completely removing them. Thermotherapy has been tested in the process of obtaining initial healthy grape plants from the grapevine leafroll-associated virus GLRaV-1, GLRaV-2 и GLRaV-3. The objectives of the research are the selection of thermotherapy regimens for the release of grape cuttings from the grapevine leafroll-associated virus (GLRaV-1, GLRaV2 и GLRaV-3). As a result of the research, it was found that the use of thermotherapy of 35 ℃ and 40 ℃ for 20, 30, 40, 50 minutes did not affect the elimination of the grapevine leafroll-associated virus, the yield of diseased plants after treatment was 100 %. A positive result in the healing of plants from the grapevine leafroll-associated virus is achieved at a temperature of 45 ℃ and 50 ℃ (exposure time is 20, 30, 40, 50 minutes). The number of virus-free plants ranges from 45.4 % to 59.8 %. The inclusion of thermotherapy in the process of phytosanitary breeding, as well as in the cultivation of seedlings for mother grape plantations, will significantly increase the guarantee of laying industrial grape plantations with planting material free from phytoplasmic, viral, bacterial and fungal infections. Keywords: grapes, cuttings, grapevine leafroll-associated virus GLRaV-1, GLRaV-2 and GLRaV-3, thermotherapy, thermal stability, elimination, healthy planting material Financing source: The research was carried out within the framework of the Federal project "Development of large-scale scientific and scientific-technological projects in priority research areas" of the national project "Science and Universities"

Изменение химического состава и антимикробной активности меда, хранящегося при низких температурах

Natural honey can change its physicochemical and biological properties during storage. According to State Standard 19792-2017, honey should be stored at ≤ 20°C. Some publications promote long-term storage of honey at temperatures between 0 and –20°C that preserves its physicochemical parameters, especially the content of hydroxymethylfurfural. Promising as they seem, such temperature modes may affect other physicochemical parameters of honey. The research objective was to study the effect of different temperature conditions on various honey samples and their physicochemical and biological parameters during long-term storage. The study applied standard and authentic research methods to fresh linden, buckwheat, and sunflower honey samples obtained from Rostov, Volgograd, Kursk, Voronezh, Saratov, and Krasnodar regions. They were stored in heat, cold, and moisture test chambers M-60/100-500 for 12 months. Hydroxymethylfurfural proved stable at –18°C for 12 months. After 12 months at 18°C, it showed a sharp increase of 472.5–488.1%. The activity of enzymic diastase, D-glucose-1-oxidase, and catalase occurred at all temperature modes after 1 month of storage. At 0–5°C, the changes were minimal: hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) remained stable, and its concentration decreased by ≤ 12.2% after 12 months of storage. Moisture, mass fraction of reducing sugars, and acidity remained stable in all samples. An antimicrobial test by Escherichia coli (strain 1257), Staphylococcus aureus (strain 209-P), and Bacillus cereus (strain 96) showed that the best inhibiting properties belonged to the samples of linden and buckwheat honey stored at 5 and 0°C for 12 months. The optimal temperatures for long-term honey storage were in the range between 5 and 0°C. The results obtained can be used in updated honey storage standards.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ХИМИЧЕСКОГО СОСТАВА ЛИСТЬЕВ И ПЛОДОВ МОМОРДИКИ ХАРАНЦИЯ, ПРОИЗРАСТАЮЩЕЙ В КРАСНОДАРСКОМ КРАЕ

Momordica charantia L. is an annual climbing herbaceous plant of the pumpkin family (Cucurbitaceae), which is quite successfully cultivated in various areas with a temperate climate, including in the Krasnodar Territory. Along with the fact that the plant belongs to the food category, in folk medicine the fruits and leaves of Momordica charantia are used for diabetes, skin diseases, rheumatism, gout, and also as an anthelmintic and laxative. Data on the hypoglycemic effect of Momordica charantia fruit extract have been published, indicating its positive effect on insulin production, glucose metabolism, free fatty acid levels and kidney health in animal experiments and in clinical practice in patients with diabetes mellitus. The therapeutic activity of this plant is due to the rich composition of biologically active substances (BAS), which is characterized by the content of triterpene glycosides of the cucurbitan type, phenolic compounds, organic acids, fatty oil, proteins, lectins, pectin, inulin, alkaloids, macro- and microelements. As is known, the qualitative composition and quantitative content of biologically active substances in plant objects can vary significantly depending on the place of its growth and growing conditions. In this regard, it seemed appropriate to study the representation of a number of groups of chemical compounds in the fruits and leaves of Momordica charantia growing in the Krasnodar region. Among the biologically active substances that are essential for the prevention and treatment of various diseases are organic acids and minerals. Organic acids have anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, choleretic, and keratolytic effects. Minerals play an active role in the metabolism of proteins, lipids and carbohydrates, act as cofactors in chemical reactions, are part of cellular and skeletal structures, and participate in ensuring osmotic pressure and acid-base balance. The purpose of the study was to study the organic acids and minerals of the leaves and fruits of Momordica charantia, growing in the Krasnodar region. When carrying out the research, we used the leaves and fruits of Momordica charantia, harvested in the Krasnodar region and dried in the air-shadow method. The study was carried out by capillary electrophoresis using a Kapel-105M device (JSC NPF Lumex, Russia) with a quartz capillary Leff/Ltotal=50/60 cm, ID=75 µm. As a result of the research, the qualitative and quantitative composition of organic acids and minerals of the leaves and fruits of Momordica charantia, growing in the Krasnodar region, was studied. The presence of substances of these groups in combination with other biologically active substances is of scientific and practical interest from the point of view of the prospects for creating functional products for various purposes based on regional resources of the momordica.

Частота встречаемости гетеродеза на масличных культурах семейства Капустные в Краснодарском крае

A beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii Schmidt is an obligate parasite, which infected many kinds of agricultural crops in different countries. It penetrates into internal tissues of plant root and causes mechanical destructions of cells. The disease manifests itself in a form of plant wilting. Yield decrease can reaches up to 50%. The purpose of the research was to determine frequency of occurrence of the beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii Schmidt in sowings of winter and spring oil crops from a Brassicaceae family in the Krasnodar region. The observations of sowings of the studied crops were conducted in phases of a vegetative period 2–4 true leaves and green pod on fields of the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops in 2010–2023. In these phases, 20 plants were selected on ten equidistant plots diagonally across the sowings of each crop. The frequency of occurrence of Heterodera schachtii was calculated as a ratio between numbers of sick and healthy plants expressed as a percentage, and then divided into groups: infected plants are absent; low (to 10% of infected plants); average (from 11 to 50% of infected plants); high (51% and more of infected plants). The beet cyst nematode was allocated in plants of all studied crops, besides winter and spring false flax. In years, when the disease was stated in sowings of oil crops from the Brassicaceae family, the frequency of the diseases occurrence was low (up to 10%) in both phases of plant development 2021. And in 2021, it increased to average level (11–18%) on winter and spring rapeseed and brown mustard. An infection degree of plants of all studied groups was equal 1–3 points with a predominance of 1 point.

Влияние погодных условий на завязываемость семян рапса озимого в условиях центральной зоны Краснодарского края

The purpose of the research was to study the influence of temperature and air moisture, wind velocity, cloud coverage, and precipitation amount on seed set of winter rapeseed in the central zone of the Krasnodar region. The objects of the research were winter rapeseed cultivars Elvis, Loris, Sarmat, Selegor, and Olivin. The conditions of 2022 during flowering period were favourable. The air temperature varied from 14.3 to 18.3 °C, precipitation amounted 12.4 mm, and they did not prevent pollination. The wind velocity in average by ten-day periods was 5.1 m/sec, cloud coverage (32.2%) and air moisture (61.1%) were op-timal both for self-pollination and for pollen transfer by wind and insects. The seed set in average was 81.3%. The weather conditions of 2023 were less fa-vorable. Lowered air temperatures – from 12.2 to 16.1 °C, frequent precipitations – 40 mm, air velocity from 2.8 to 4.7 m/sec, increased cloud coverage – to 85%, and air moisture to 77.3% negatively influenced self-pollination and prevented pollen transfer by wind and insects, and thereby decreased the realization of a potential productivity by 23.9%. The cultivars Sarmat and Selegor demonstrated the highest seed set both in favorable and unfavorable conditions. The cultivar Elvis was less sensitive to weather changes during flowering. The variation of a trait of seed set in favorable conditions was insignificant (CV = 2.4–7.1%). Changing of a trait of seed set in a pod to highly variable (CV = 11.7–28.3%) in 2023 certifies the genotype selection with high seed set ability is able only in unfavorable for pollination weather con-ditions.

Species composition of septoria blotch of cereal crops and identification of effector genes in populations of <i>Parastagonospora</i> spp. on the territory of Krasnodar and Leningrad regions of the Russian Federation

Species composition of septoria blotch of cereal crops and identification of effector genes in populations of <i>Parastagonospora</i> spp. on the territory of Krasnodar and Leningrad regions of the Russian Federation

Оценка ликвидности и платежеспособности торговых организаций Краснодарского края

В статье рассматривается анализ показателей ликвидности и платежеспособности для эффективного управления организацией. В ходе анализа используются данные из бухгалтерской финансовой отчетности ООО ТД «ЮГРАС», помогающие дать оценку хозяйственной деятельности и охарактеризовать структуру предприятия. По результатам статистического анализа сельхоз предприятий Краснодарского края было выявлено, что они составляют большую часть валовой продукции агропромышленного комплекса Российской Федерации. Представлены показатели ликвидности и структуры бухгалтерского баланса ООО ТД «ЮГРАС» за последние три года, сформированы таблицы и круговая диаграмма, показывающая соотношение ликвидности. This article examines the analysis of liquidity and solvency indicators for effective management of an organization. The analysis uses data from the accounting financial statements of LLC TD «YUGRAS», which help to assess the economic activity and characterize the structure of the enterprise. According to the results of statistical analysis of agricultural enterprises of the Krasnodar Territory, it was revealed that they make up the majority of the gross output of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation. The article presents the liquidity indicators and the structure of the balance sheet of LLC TD YUGRAS over the past three years, tables and a pie chart showing the ratio of liquidity are formed.