Kraft-based Dissolving Pulp Production Process Research Articles

Optimizing the Poly Ethylene Oxide Flocculation Process for Isolating Lignin of Prehydrolysis Liquor of a Kraft-Based Dissolving Pulp Production Process

In this work, poly ethylene oxide (PEO) with various molecular weights (MW)s was employed to separate the lignin of prehydrolysis liquor (PHL) of a kraft-based dissolving pulp process. The results revealed that, the higher the MW and concentration of PEO in the PHL at pH 2, the higher are the removals of lignin and chemical oxygen demand (COD) but with a marginal removal of sugars. Alternatively, poly aluminum chloride (PAC) (200 mg/L) and PEO (8 MDa MW) (200 mg/L) were employed in a dual polymer system to extract the lignin, and the PAC/PEO system (MWs of 2 kDa/8 MDa) was more effective than the PEO/PEO system (MWs of 0.1 MDa/8 MDa) in removing lignin and COD of PHL. The maximum lignin, sugar, and COD removals were 46%, 18.8%, and 32%, respectively, under the conditions of 400 mg/g PEO (with a MW of 8 MDa) at pH 2 and room temperature in a singular PEO system.

Removal of inhibitors from pre-hydrolysis liquor of kraft-based dissolving pulp production process using adsorption and flocculation processes

A process for removing inhibitors from pre-hydrolysis liquor (PHL) of a kraft-based dissolving pulp production process by adsorption and flocculation, and the characteristics of this process were studied. In this process, industrially produced PHL was treated with unmodified and oxidized activated carbon as an absorbent and polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDADMAC) as a flocculant. The overall removal of lignin and furfural in the developed process was 83.3% and 100%, respectively, while that of hemicelluloses was 32.7%. These results confirmed that the developed process can remove inhibitors from PHL prior to producing value-added products, e.g. ethanol and xylitol via fermentation.

Lime Treatment of Prehydrolysis Liquor from the Kraft-Based Dissolving Pulp Production Process

In this study, the concept of using lime for the treatment of industrially produced prehydrolysis liquor (PHL) of kraft-based dissolving pulp production process was tested, and its effect on the co...

Recovery of lignocelluloses from pre-hydrolysis liquor in the lime kiln of kraft-based dissolving pulp production process by adsorption to lime mud

Dissolved lignocelluloses from the pre-hydrolysis liquor (PHL) of kraft-based dissolving pulp production process were recovered by adsorption to lime mud produced in the causticizing plant of the kraft process. The adsorption of lignocelluloses was a fast process, and could be completed within one hour. The addition of polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDADMAC) significantly increased the amounts of adsorbed lignin and hemicelluloses, which more than doubled at the PDADMAC dosage of 0.1% (based on the weight of PHL). The measured heating values of the adsorbed lignocelluloses indicate that adsorption of lignocelluloses to lime mud may result in the energy saving of the lime kiln. The process proposed in this study could also be adapted to decrease inhibitor concentrations (lignin and acetic acid) if the dissolved hemicelluloses in the PHL were used to produce value-added products, e.g., ethanol, xylitol, based on the fermentation process.

Application of hemicelluloses precipitated via ethanol treatment of pre-hydrolysis liquor in high-yield pulp

Hemicelluloses in industrially produced pre-hydrolysis liquor (PHL) were precipitated with ethanol. These PHL-derived hemicelluloses (PHL-EH) and a commercial, pure birch wood xylan sample (powder form) (BWX) were bleached using chlorine dioxide (D0 and D1) and hydrogen peroxide (Ep) in the D0EpD1 sequence, and the chemical compositions, molecular weights and charge densities of the treated samples were assessed. When applied to high-yield pulp (HYP) at 50mg/g, 26 and 20mg/g of the bleached PHL-EH and BWX, respectively, were adsorbed without significantly affecting paper properties. These results suggest that semi-bleached hemicelluloses could be used to increase the basis weight of paper products. Furthermore, an integrated process was proposed that converts the kraft-based dissolving pulp production process into a biorefinery unit with dissolving pulp, bleached hemicelluloses and lignin as main products.

Chitosan as a flocculant for pre-hydrolysis liquor of kraft-based dissolving pulp production process

In this work, the flocculation concept was employed to recover the dissolved lignocellulosic materials of industrially produced pre-hydrolysis liquor (PHL) using two different molecular weights of chitosan. The analysis revealed the maximum turbidity of 1000NTU or 1900NTU via adding 2.2mg/g low molecular weight (LMW) or 1.7mg/g high molecular weight (HMW) chitosan to the PHL, respectively. Also, the maximum furfural removal of 55% or 50% was obtained by adding 0.7mg/g or 0.5mg/g LMW or HMW chitosan to the PHL, respectively. The maximum recovery of oligomeric sugars was 20% or 25% by adding 1.5 or 0.5mg/g LMW or HMW chitosan, while that of lignin was 40% or 35% by applying 2.2mg/g or 1.7mg/g LMW or HMW chitosan to the PHL, respectively. The removal of monomeric sugars and acetic acid was rather limited. The particle size and nitrogen analyses were also hired to characterize the properties of the formed complexes.

Impact of furfural on the sugar analysis of prehydrolysis liquor of kraft-based dissolving pulp production process using the HPAEC technique

High performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulse ampero-metric detector (HPAEC-PAD) is a reliable method to systematically determine the sugar contents in pulp and paper waste streams, including bleaching and extraction liquors. We used the same method to determine the sugar content of industrially produced pre-hydrolysis liquor (PHL) from a kraft-based dissolving pulp production process. The analysis showed that the traditional method cannot be applied for sugar analysis, and an improvement on the method was required. In fact, the presence of furfural in the PHL sample was the reason for the required modification. It was noted that the removal of furfural via evaporation could improve the reliability of the HPAEC technique for sugar assessments. If the concentration of furfural was higher than 0.045% (wt.) in the PHL, the error introduced in the sugar analysis was profound. Also, the industrially produced PHL contained more furfural than the laboratory produced PHL under the same hydrolysis conditions. Consequently, the concentration of furfural in the PHL should be taken into account for sugar analysis using the HPAEC technique.

Isolation and cationization of hemicelluloses from pre-hydrolysis liquor of kraft-based dissolving pulp production process

Abstract Hemicelluloses are the main organics dissolved in the pre-hydrolysis liquor (PHL) of the kraft-based dissolving pulp production process. In this study, two methods were employed to isolate the hemicelluloses from industrial PHL samples. The results showed that the hemicelluloses, precipitated in ethanol after an acidification step (Method 2), had a very high brightness (83% ISO) and low lignin content (0.44%) compared with the hemicelluloses obtained by the direct precipitation in ethanol without the acidification (Method 1), which had a brightness of 17.2% ISO and a lignin content of 5.67%. Furthermore, the hemicelluloses isolated via Method 2 were rendered cationic by using glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC), and the process parameters for the cationization reaction were studied, including the water content, reaction temperature and time, molar ratio of GTMAC/hemicelluloses, and the sodium hydroxide dosage. The optimized conditions for the cationic modification were 35% water content, 5% sodium hydroxide (both based on the mass of hemicelluloses), 1 (mol) GTMAC/hemicelluloses ratio, 65 °C, and 4 h reaction time. Finally, the cationic hemicelluloses were characterized and compared with unmodified hemicelluloses using the FT-IR and NMR analyses.

A combined acidification/PEO flocculation process to improve the lignin removal from the pre-hydrolysis liquor of kraft-based dissolving pulp production process

The presence of lignin impairs the utilization of the hemicelluloses dissolved in the pre-hydrolysis liquor (PHL) of the kraft-based dissolving pulp production process. In this paper, a novel process was developed by combining the acidification and poly ethylene oxide (PEO) flocculation concepts to improve the lignin removal. The results showed that the lignin removal was improved by the addition of PEO to the acidified PHL, particularly at a low pH of 1.5. The main mechanisms involved are the lignin/PEO complex formation and the bridging of the formed complexes. This hypothesis was supported by the turbidity, FTIR and particle size measurements. Interestingly, the hemicelluloses removal from the acidification/PEO flocculation was marginal, which would be beneficial for the down-stream ethanol production from the PHL. Additionally, a process flow diagram was proposed that incorporates this new concept into the existing configuration of kraft-based dissolving pulp production process.

Mass balances of components dissolved in the pre-hydrolysis liquor of kraft-based dissolving pulp production process from Canadian hardwoods

Abstract A study was carried out to assess the chemical composition of pre-hydrolysate liquor (PHL) produced in a dissolving pulp production facility in Eastern Canada. The true PHL contains high amount of both mono- and oligo-sugars (1.50–1.65%). Xylose/xylan was the predominate sugar in the PHL. Glucose, galactose, and mannose were also found in the PHL. Furfural, which was generated from further degradation of five carbon sugars, was also found in the PHL. Acetic acid released during pre-hydrolysis from the labile acetyl groups present in the hemicelluloses was about 25% of the total solids in the PHL. The sum of sugars, acetic acid, lignin and ash contents account for 91.4–95.6% of the total solid content of the PHL. The presence of sugars in the neutralized PHL was negligible while a large amount of furfural was found.

Hemicellulose Removal from Hardwood Chips in the Pre-Hydrolysis Step of the Kraft-Based Dissolving Pulp Production Process

A pre-hydrolysis step to remove hemicelluloses from mixed hardwood chips consisting of maple, aspen, and birch with a ratio of 7:2:1 has been carried out. The effects of parameters on the pre-hydrolysis such as time, temperature, acetic acid addition, and raw material species, were determined. Different sugars, acetic acid, and furfural formation in the pre-hydrolysis liquor were quantified. The results showed that the pre-hydrolysis is a dynamic process, in which the removal of hemicelluloses increased with time while the conversion of extracted hemicelluloses to monosaccharides due to acid hydrolysis increased and part of the xylose was converted to furfural. The maximum temperature was the most critical parameter for hemicelluloses extraction and conversion, and a temperature of 170°C was the optimum for hemicelluloses extraction with relatively low conversion of xylose to furfural. About 11% of the xylan (in both monomeric and oligomeric forms) was removed at 170°C. Due to the presence of a high amount of xylan, birch produced the highest amount of xylose, followed by maple, and then aspen.

From forest biomass to chemicals and energy... Biorefinery initiative in New York State

Industrial BiotechnologyVol. 2, No. 2 Feature CommentaryFrom forest biomass to chemicals and energy... Biorefinery initiative in New York StateShijie Liu, Thomas E. Amidon, Raymound C. Francis, Bandaru V. Ramarao, Yuan-Zong Lai, and Gary M. ScottShijie LiuSearch for more papers by this author, Thomas E. AmidonSearch for more papers by this author, Raymound C. FrancisSearch for more papers by this author, Bandaru V. RamaraoSearch for more papers by this author, Yuan-Zong LaiSearch for more papers by this author, and Gary M. ScottSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:17 Jul 2006https://doi.org/10.1089/ind.2006.2.113AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB Permissions & CitationsPermissionsDownload CitationsTrack CitationsAdd to favorites Back To Publication ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byWhat is bioprocess engineering?Optimisation and characterisation of bio-oil produced by Acacia mangium Willd wood pyrolysis12 April 2017 | Wood Science and Technology, Vol. 51, No. 5IntroductionRecently Bred Willow (Salix spp.) Biomass Crops Show Stable Yield Trends Over Three Rotations at Two Sites1 April 2016 | BioEnergy Research, Vol. 9, No. 3Influence of hot-water extraction on ultrastructure and distribution of glucomannans and xylans in poplar xylem as detected by gold immunolabeling20 May 2015 | Holzforschung, Vol. 70, No. 3Biorefinery and Possible DeforestationOptimization study on acid hydrolysis of hardwood-derived hemicellulosic extract for alcohol fermentation using response surface methodologyHolzforschung, Vol. 69, No. 2Noble-metal catalyzed hydrodeoxygenation of biomass-derived lignin to aromatic hydrocarbonsGreen Chemistry, Vol. 16, No. 2Polyolefin-Based Plastics from Biomass-Derived Monomers4 October 2013Autohydrolysis Pretreatment of Mixed Softwood to Produce Value Prior to Combustion21 June 2013 | BioEnergy Research, Vol. 6, No. 3Lignin: untapped biopolymers in biomass conversion technologies7 June 2013 | Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, Vol. 3, No. 3Primary properties of MDF using thermomechanical pulp made from oxalic acid pretreated rice straw particlesIndustrial Crops and Products, Vol. 41Niche Position and Opportunities for Woody Biomass ConversionBiorefinery with Water20 November 2012A sustainable woody biomass biorefineryBiotechnology Advances, Vol. 30, No. 4Mass balances of components dissolved in the pre-hydrolysis liquor of kraft-based dissolving pulp production process from Canadian hardwoodsBiomass and Bioenergy, Vol. 39Hot-water extraction and its effect on soda pulping of aspen woodchipsBiomass and Bioenergy, Vol. 39Increasing the value of a biorefinery based on hot-water extraction: Lignin products1 February 2012 | TAPPI Journal, Vol. 11, No. 1Fractionation of wood polymers by carboxymethylation: Exploring the strategy1 February 2012 | TAPPI Journal, Vol. 11, No. 1Effect of Hot Water Extraction on Hardwood Kraft Pulp fibers (Acer saccharum, Sugar Maple)1 August 2011 | Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Vol. 50, No. 17Oxalic acid pretreatment of rice straw particles and loblolly pine chips: Release of hemicellulosic carbohydrates1 June 2011 | TAPPI Journal, Vol. 10, No. 5Effect of oxalic acid and steam pretreatment on the primary properties of UF-bonded rice straw particleboardsIndustrial Crops and Products, Vol. 33, No. 3Growing Systems for Traditional and New Forest-Based Materials16 March 2011Effect of oxalic acid pretreatment of wood chips on manufacturing medium-density fiberboardHolzforschung, Vol. 65, No. 5Woody biomass: Niche position as a source of sustainable renewable chemicals and energy and kinetics of hot-water extraction/hydrolysisBiotechnology Advances, Vol. 28, No. 5Effect of hot-water extraction on alkaline pulping of bagasseBiotechnology Advances, Vol. 28, No. 5Separation and purification processes for lignocellulose-to-bioalcohol productionOptimization of ethanol production from hot-water extracts of sugar maple chipsRenewable Energy, Vol. 34, No. 11Water-based woody biorefineryBiotechnology Advances, Vol. 27, No. 5Activity and Stability of Perovskite-Type Oxide LaCoO 3 Catalyst in Lignin Catalytic Wet Oxidation to Aromatic Aldehydes Process5 December 2008 | Energy & Fuels, Vol. 23, No. 1Hydrolysis of bamboo fiber cellulose in formic acid1 October 2008 | Frontiers of Forestry in China, Vol. 3, No. 4Utilization of forest derived biomass for energy production in the U.S.A.: status, challenges, and public policiesInternational Forestry Review, Vol. 9, No. 3Genetic Improvement of Willow (Salix spp.) as a Dedicated Bioenergy Crop Volume 2Issue 2Jun 2006 InformationCopyright 2006, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.To cite this article:Shijie Liu, Thomas E. Amidon, Raymound C. Francis, Bandaru V. Ramarao, Yuan-Zong Lai, and Gary M. Scott.From forest biomass to chemicals and energy... Biorefinery initiative in New York State.Industrial Biotechnology.Jun 2006.113-120.http://doi.org/10.1089/ind.2006.2.113Published in Volume: 2 Issue 2: July 17, 2006PDF download