Korean Traditional Architecture Research Articles

현상학 측면에서 본 한국 전통주거건축의 부분성에 관한 연구

Focused on developing form of Western architecture, invisible elements covering actual human life has been dealt with separately and the time was turned away and disparaged. But now the phenomenology, arranging such a meeting of space and time, gives opportunity to look at the actual life in architecture. Recently, Guille Deleuze and Merleau-Ponty tried to recover the sense of touch segregated in skin from body keeping eyes for distance. And the activity can be happened by being connected to the body rather than to eye in the space. From the phase of recognition where the human body tries to identify the object in the space considering a time, it will be changed for the subject to the phase of space-time structure. If the tactility is to erase the distance different from the visuality in dichotomy, it will be occurred to having a tension and makes new relationship to work trying to move the subjective point of view in object. Like this evidence in analysis of architecture, it can be found these in the Korean traditional architecture rather than Western architecture in terms of emphasizing the time and space. And this study will be intensive to the side of the Phenomenology how it is being connected to the movement in the space and time for the subject and object.

Virtual Reconstruction and Interactive Applications for Korean Traditional Architectures

This paper describes a research project about Korean virtual architectural heritage. The aim of the project is to develop tools for virtual reconstruction and simulation. In shape and structure, Korean traditional architecture is different from Western building. Thus, it is difficult to adopt Western H-BIM (Historic Building Information Modeling) tools. Our tools developed in the project were designed to be suitable for Korean traditional buildings as well as architectural simulation that includes Korean characteristics. As a result, several virtual representations of Korean traditional architectures were made with our tools and used in the project’s interactive applications, all of which have been showcased at Digital Heritage Expo 2015 in Granada, Spain.

Architectural design for Two Residential Facilities in a Rural Village by Remodeling the Old Buildings

Background : Nowadays, there has been a noticeable increase in the number of empty spaces and abandoned buildings in rural areas. The industrialization and centralization of the capital has accelerated this phenomenon. The objective of this study is to remodel two old buildings in order to turn them into a senior and a junior centre. These residential facilities will help to improve the settlement environment in rural areas. Methods : First of all, analysing the members who will use these residential facilities is the most important task. For the senior centre, in order to adapt to the behaviors of seniors (some big events and group works), it is necessary to include large spaces in the senior centre. For the junior centre, we have designed flexible spaces for educational and cultural programs. For this study, we analyzed Korean traditional architecture to focus on the character of space flexibility. We are also very conscious of the rural environment. For this reason, we propose some recycling architectural elements and ecofriendly systems through reference projects built by Glenn Murcutt. Result : It is necessary to provide some cultural residential facilities for seniors and juniors to revitalize rural villages. This study is an architectural undertaking to remodel two old buildings. This approach not only preserves the history of buildings but is also economical. In addition, this eco-friendly project could be a new model for future environmental architecture. Conclusions : Sari-Myeon is an ordinary Korean rural village. Two residential facilities that we have remodeled will provide the possibility of revitalizing a rural village. The purpose of this study is to propose an economical and eco-friendly architectural design based on the consideration of a small rural village.

A Critical Study on Theorization of Tradition in Korean Architecture

The purpose of this study is to critically investigate the ways in which scholars and architects in Korea have theorised the tradition in Korean architecture from the early 20th century to the present. After opening the door to foreign powers, the most important issue to be resolved in Korea architecture has been the modernization of the traditional architecture. The successful modernization of Korean traditional architecture depends on successful theorization of the tradition. However, many attempts to theorise the uniqueness of tradition in Korean architecture had not been instrumental to the modernization of Korean traditional architecture. The reason why they were not successful lies in the lack of philosophical and methodological reflection upon how to approach the tradition. They were either trapped in ambiguous essentialism without systematic methods and theories, or simply inventing the tradition from the vantage point of the present. This paper argues that in order to theorise the tradition, one need to translate the tradition into contemporary architectural vocabularies. What is important in translating the tradition is not to directly apply contemporary concepts and perceptual frame of architecture to traditional architecture but to find the gaps and differences between the two. This will open hermeneutic spaces to translate the tradition into useful principles and vocabularies of comtemporary architecture.

Architectural Modernity in the Planning of Japanese Overseas Exhibitions in the West and the Colonized Korea

So far, the Japanese exhibitions in the colonized Korea, especially the Joseon Industrial Exhibition of 1915, haven't been studied sufficiently; they have been understood mainly as political propaganda to legitimize the Japanese colonization of the Korean peninsula; many scholars have agreed that Japan highlighted material developments in Korea under the benevolent guidance of Japan by displaying strong visual contrasts between the modern and the traditional. So, they only acknowledge colonial modernity; this perspective regards Western forms as the sole expression of architectural modernity, not only in the exhibition but also in the colonial space and time. However, to be on a par with the West, Japan started to develop a series of historical narratives in searching for its historical origins in Asia, and it also carried out archaeological investigations in the Korean peninsula around the early 1900s. I argue that the developed historical narratives with traditional Korean artworks and architecture (i.e. the shared historical origins between Japan and Korea) influence the architectural conditions of the 1915 exhibition. And, the status of traditional Korean architecture in the Japanese exhibition expresses architectural modernity in terms of showing historical progress.

The Design Elements for the Model Development of New-Hanok Type Service Facilities in Apartment Housing - Focused on the Genetic factors of Korean Traditional Architecture -

The Design Elements for the Model Development of New-Hanok Type Service Facilities in Apartment Housing - Focused on the Genetic factors of Korean Traditional Architecture -

한국 근대건축사 서술의 문제와 과제

The tasks of writing history is to reconstruct the past in order to understand the present condition and to envision the future. Modern architectural histories in the west have assumed this role, from Winckelmann to Giedion. Likewise, history of Korean modern architecture has to serve this purpose. However, existing histories of Korean modern architecture simply list up stylistic changes from western eclectic architecture to modernism without any historical narratives explaining the transition from Korean traditional architecture to modern architecture. History of Korean modern architecture has simply been understood as a unilateral process of transplantation of western architecture into Korea. This paper points out two major problems underlying this kind of historiography of Korean modern architecture. The one is formalistic approach which sees history of modern architecture mainly as a process of formal and stylistic changes. The other is humanistic approach which sees modern architects as agents of history. This paper argues that this kind of history writings has limitations since modernity of Korean architecture is fundamentally different from that of the west. and that specific tasks that Korean modern architectural history has to address are then two folds;(re)connecting the past architectural tradition to the present and forming self-identity of Korean architecture.

녹색건축인증제(G-SEED)에 따른 한옥의 친환경 요소 평가에 관한 기초연구 -구례 운조루와 진원당을 중심으로-

The purpose of this study is to analyze the usage of eco-friendly elements in Korean traditional architecture to evaluate Hanok(Unjoru and Jinwondang) according to Green Building Certification Criteria(G-SEED). The results of this study were as follows; Unjoru and Jinwondang was not enough to obtain certification points. From Site usage and Traffic category, Jinwondang gets more points than Unjoru. It`s because Jinwondang is located in downtown Seoul, so it gets more points of traffic and neighborhood facility. From Energy and Environmental Pollution category, Jinwondang gets more points of energy performance than Unjoru, too. It`s because Jinwondang secured insulation performance of wall and windows using insulator and glass. From Resources category, Unjoru gets more points than Jinwondang. It shows that modern Hanok was limited using natural resources. From Ecological Environments category, Jinwondang is located urban area, it`s difficult to secure the open space, so Unjoru gets more points than Jinwondang. If Modern Honok installs a system that can getting point and secure insulation performance, it will be certificated according to G-SEED.

BIM을 활용한 한옥 창호 설계 도구 개발에 관한 연구

As the Korean government initiates the Han-style campaign, the efforts and expectations for the modernization and industrialization of Hanok are growing. Accordingly, a major R&D project sponsored by the government is in progress for the development of related technologies, in which the development of a Hanok design support system based on Building Information Modeling(BIM) technology is included as one of the major subjects. However, the development of design tools for Hanok so far has not focused on the windows and doors, which is another major element of Korean traditional architecture. Therefore, this study developeda BIM-based design tool for Hanok windows and doors as an approach to the integrated design of various Hanok elements and their applications to modern buildings. To this end, the characteristics of Hanok windows and doors were analyzed first in terms of the location, opening method, style, components, and the over-all construction. A design tool was then developed with the parametric modeling functions of the ArchiCAD Ⓡ system. The applicability and efficiency of the developed tool were verified with design simulations. This is expected to contribute to not only the application of Hanok windows and doors to modern buildings but also to the further development of an integrated Hanok design system.

전통건축의 장자(障子)에 관한 연구 - 장자(障子)의 기능 및 미서기의 문헌연구 -

The Jangji(障子) of Korean traditional architecture, had been known as sliding window which was installed on the inside of hinged window, or known as sliding door which devide rooms. In the Yeong-geon eugye(營建儀軌), the royal construction reports of Joseon(朝鮮) dynasty, the Jangji is classified as windows and doors. But, in the Sahengrok(使行錄), the record of Joseon envoys who were sent to Japan in 1600s, it is often seen that they did not understand the Syoji(障子) of Japanese architecture as a type of windows and doors which they had seen in Joseon. They understand the Akarisyoji(明障子) which were widely used in Japanese, as those were opened and closed by unique method of sliding, even they recorded as 'windows and doors were not installed'. In this study, the existing study on the Jangji those has been conducted by analysing the Yeong-geon eugye, were critically examined. And the development process of Jangji, it was used as flexible partition of interior space, was researched by analysing the contents related to Jangji, which were recorded on The Chronicles of the Three States(三國史記), The Heritage of the Three States(三國遺事) and the historical records of Goryo and Joseon dynasty. As the result of research, it could be ascertained that, when the sliding door was introduced to the interior space of Korean traditional architecture. And this study is expected to be used as a reference for understanding the form of house architecture before early Joseon period, intact house architecture artifacts are not remained during that time.

제천시 전통주거의 창호 특성에 관한 연구

This study investigated the windows and doors of traditional houses in Jecheon, designated as a cultural assets in Chungcheongbuk-do. It aimed to contribute to the study of korean traditional architecture by finding the characteristics of windows and doors, and to the preservation and reuse policy of local cultural assets. This study was conducted using the research methods of the literature and field survey, and it was to analyze and to compare the existing data and a current status. The result are as followings. Firstly, the windows and doors of kitchen in An-chae were generally installed double swinging type with wooden board door(板張門). Secondly, the windows and doors of An-bang were generally installed double swinging type with slender-ribbed windows and doors(細箭窓戶), were mostly installed Merum(遠音). Thirdly, the windows and doors of Daechung(大廳) towards the backyard were generally installed double swinging type with wooden board door, corrugated cardboard door(骨板門) and slender-ribbed windows. Lastly, the windows and doors of Sarang-bang in a house of nobility(班家) was installed triple windows and doors.

Flexible Building and Construction Systems in Traditional Korean Architecture

Unlike the building forms, technology, and materials of today, the traditional Korean architecture represents an example of flexible building forms in history. Investigating and studying this type of architecture not only can contribute to the reform of architectural history by understanding how ordinary buildings change over time and how they interact with people but also may suggest the possibility of, and methodology for developing long-lasting and sustainable mass housing in Korea and in Asian cities. The first part of the paper demonstrates the structural, spatial, and functional flexibilities of traditional Korean architecture. The second part investigates the construction system, including the organization of builders and the regulations governing the relationship with the residents. Its systematic construction approach is associated with the specialization of construction and standardization and prefabrication of elements, facilitating the easy replacement and reuse of building materials. The paper is based on a research methodology of integrating historical archives and case studies. The main argument posited here is that knowledge and skill of traditional construction of flexibility suggest conceptual strategies to improve current housing design and construction in order to obtain a sustainable future.

좌식공간관습의 건축사적 함의 - 신발의 문제를 중심으로 -

The starting point of this study is the concerning of simple behavioral pattern that whoever enters the inner space with taking off his shoes should go out from the position where he laid his shoes. The using of Ondol (floor heating room) and Maru (lifted wood floor) had changed the architectural space from chair-sitting to floor-sitting space, and it also made the behavior of taking off the shoes at the entrance of building and stepping on the lifted floor. This simple behavior has possibility to make lots of changes to the culture of architectural design. With this noticeable point, this paper is talking about the cultural feature of Korean traditional architecture, especially about the influence of tanking off and putting on shoes. The matter of shoes has changed diverse aspects of building and layout planning. It maximized the difference between front and rear part of building and characterized the lateral extension of Korean traditional house. The ritual space also had evolved from chair-sitting to floor-sitting space according to the type of ritual behavioral pattern. The change on the single building level had influenced on the layout planning of architectural complex. For examples, the parallel layout of ChangDeok-gung palace and the long sequential process to the main pavilion of Buddhist temple are the result of the matter of shoes. And NuGak(樓閣), the double-storied pavilion, on the axis of entering sequence's node is one of the unique planning elements that makes possible to go through the building without taking off the shoes and also makes upper level space for staying. In short, Korean traditional architecture that has the chair-sitting spatial origin of the East Asian cultural sphere has pursued new architectural issues and planning methods according to evolution to the floor-sitting culture.

비평적 지역주의(The Critical Regionalism)로 본 한국 성당건축의 지역성 표현 - 개화기에서 1980년대까지의 성당건축을 중심으로 -

The core idea of the critical regionalism could be summarized as a self-conscious synthesis between universal civilization and world culture. After World War II, it has been applied to architecture for overcoming the problem of Industrial Capitalism and uniformity of 20th century Modern Architecture. Naturally, religious architecture cannot also be an exception in this cultural trend, thus we can also apply the critical regionalism to the Korean Catholic Church Architecture with the basic premise that the Traditional Western and Modern Style Church Architecture should be regarded as universal civilization, and the Traditional Korean Architecture and endemicity as one of world culture. In the context, this article attempts to analyze the regionality of Korean Modern Catholic Church Architecture constructed between the 19th century and 1980's, and how it has been differently transformed with the view of the critical regionalism. Its analysis will be carried out within three types; transformation of the Traditional Korean Architecture and the influence of Japanese Modern Architecture, representation of the Traditional Korean Architecture, and abstraction of the Traditional Korean Architecture with each advantages and disadvantages.

1905~1945년에 지어진 일본 관사의 온돌 수용 - 국가기록원 소장 일제시기 관영건축도면을 중심으로 -

The purpose of this study is to analyze the acceptance of the On-dol, Korean underfloor heating system, in the official residences built by the japanese colonist in 1905~1945. The On-dol is the main element that formed Korean housing culture throughout our her history. Since the climate of Korea is colder than that of Japan, the Japanese-style house built in Korea needed to take measures for the harsher winter. Therefore the official residences built during the japanese colonial period, built after the Japanese-style house, accepted the On-dol as additional heating system for their houses. Over forty years the official residences were constructed in large quantities, and many of the official residences also installed the On-dol. Some important changes were discovered about the acceptance of the On-dol. To define this concretely, this study was performed empirically through the comparison and analysis of governmental architectural drawings. There is great significance to consider that an architectural element of Korea influenced the Japanese-style houses. In conclusion, differences between the official residences with the On-dol and those without, during the latter stage of the japanese colonial period have founded. These results demonstrate that this element of traditional korean architecture affected the development of foreign houses built in Korea.

Revitalization of Environmental Sustainability Hidden in Yeongyeongdang

In this paper, a traditional Korean residence, Yeongyeongdang in Seoul, is selected to demonstrate the achievement of environmental sustainability in the formal composition of traditional Korean architecture. Using the computational analysis features of Ecotect, as performed on geometric models of the Yeongyeongdang complex, the paper highlights the method of articulating environmental factors in the design of its spatial systems, which were heavily influenced by social hierarchy during the Joseon dynasty (1392-1910).

The Beauty of Traditional Korean Architecture

The Beauty of Traditional Korean Architecture

The natural environment control system of Korean traditional architecture: Comparison with Korean contemporary architecture

Modern architecture does not have the capacity to control its environment without resorting to methods involving high energy consumption, and these have caused many environmental problems. Architecture needs to recover its capacity to control its environment in an environmentally sustainable manner. Korean architecture has developed systems to control its environment in an environmentally sustainable manner from longstanding experience. This study examines methods used to control the architectural environment in Korean traditional architecture and compares them with Korean contemporary architecture.

KotaView: simulating traditional Korean architecture interactively and intelligently on the web

Traditional architecture is an important topic, not only for finding local identities from traditional heritages but also for representing the traditional identities. It is especially true because locality issues are critical in this global era. Nevertheless, the structure of traditional Korean architecture has not been fully explored in a systematical or computational manner. Furthermore, this information is not managed efficiently even though the technology for managing information effectively is quite widely available and the information could be used in many application areas. Currently, all but a few experts keep their knowledge exclusively and transfer it to few people in a limited and traditional manner. This study thus selects the Internet as an educational environment for practical reasons and explores a way of structuring construction knowledge and building information of traditional Korean architecture. That will be the first step to manage information of traditional architecture. In order to simulate traditional buildings in advanced and intelligent ways, we apply a computer technique, called data modeling. We develop a robust data model to effectively represent the building. For data modeling, we select a well-known building, Buseoksa Muryangsujun as a prototype, which is one of the oldest wooden structures in Korea. We first build an accurate three-dimensional model of the building, and then analyze its building components and their connectivity by focusing on the capital order system, called Gongpo. We also suggest a user interface model operated through the data model. The interface provides several components and functionality such as viewing each architectural component, simulating the components' connectivity interactively, and retrieving architectural information. The study shows a diagram of the wooden construction data model and some rules to explain components' connectivity, and a user interface model. This is currently being integrated into the KotaView system based on two environments: a web-based solid modeler(called WebMod) and a web-based VR engine (Active World™, EON™).