Korean Text Research Articles

Data augmentation methods for classifying Korean texts

Data augmentation methods for classifying Korean texts

Performance of ChatGPT in the In-Training Examination for Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Residents in South Korea: Observational Study.

ChatGPT has been tested in health care, including the US Medical Licensing Examination and specialty exams, showing near-passing results. Its performance in the field of anesthesiology has been assessed using English board examination questions; however, its effectiveness in Korea remains unexplored. This study investigated the problem-solving performance of ChatGPT in the fields of anesthesiology and pain medicine in the Korean language context, highlighted advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), and explored its potential applications in medical education. We investigated the performance (number of correct answers/number of questions) of GPT-4, GPT-3.5, and CLOVA X in the fields of anesthesiology and pain medicine, using in-training examinations that have been administered to Korean anesthesiology residents over the past 5 years, with an annual composition of 100 questions. Questions containing images, diagrams, or photographs were excluded from the analysis. Furthermore, to assess the performance differences of the GPT across different languages, we conducted a comparative analysis of the GPT-4's problem-solving proficiency using both the original Korean texts and their English translations. A total of 398 questions were analyzed. GPT-4 (67.8%) demonstrated a significantly better overall performance than GPT-3.5 (37.2%) and CLOVA-X (36.7%). However, GPT-3.5 and CLOVA X did not show significant differences in their overall performance. Additionally, the GPT-4 showed superior performance on questions translated into English, indicating a language processing discrepancy (English: 75.4% vs Korean: 67.8%; difference 7.5%; 95% CI 3.1%-11.9%; P=.001). This study underscores the potential of AI tools, such as ChatGPT, in medical education and practice but emphasizes the need for cautious application and further refinement, especially in non-English medical contexts. The findings suggest that although AI advancements are promising, they require careful evaluation and development to ensure acceptable performance across diverse linguistic and professional settings.

User Sentiment Analysis Based on Securities Application Elements.

Designing securities applications for mobile devices is challenging due to their inherent complexity, necessitating improvement through the analysis of online reviews. However, research applying deep learning techniques to the sentiment analysis of Korean text remains limited. This study explores the use of Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis (ABSA) as an effective alternative to traditional user research methods for securities application design. By analyzing large volumes of text-based user review data of Korean securities applications, the study identifies critical elements like "update", "screen", "chart", "login", "access", "authentication", "account", and "transaction", revealing nuanced user sentiments through techniques such as PMI, SVD, and Word2Vec. ABSA offers deeper insights compared to overall ratings, uncovering hidden areas of dissatisfaction despite positive biases in reviews. This research demonstrates the scalability and cost-effectiveness of ABSA in mobile-application design research.

Popular Culture

Abstract Scholarship on the creation and circulation of forms of popular culture has always been concerned with questions of audiences and reception. Initial theorizations of audiences as overly credulous, easily swayed masses have long been significantly complicated to account for more active participation. One of the key drivers of this move of framing audiences from passive to active has been the emergence of the discipline of fandom studies. Today, the field is truly multidisciplinary, encompassing popular culture and media studies, literary studies, communication studies and psychology, marketing and tourism studies, amongst others. Additionally, while fan communities have always been transnational and transcultural, the explosion of cross-cultural phenomena like the Korean Hallyu Wave (the worldwide popularity of Korean media texts and celebrities) has brought renewed attention to the interconnected nature of the contemporary global mediascape. Even as it has expanded, one of the main challenges to the discipline has been criticism that it has overemphasized aspects of fan identity, such as gender identity and sexual orientation, while neglecting the role of race. This critique challenges the structure of the field, whereby certain critical genealogies, methodologies, and even fandoms themselves, are granted a canonical and universal status while others are seen as tertiary. This review of published works in popular culture studies focuses on studies of fandom that aim to break these silos, selecting three publications that address different aspects of today’s globalized fandom mediascape to underline the necessity for fandom scholars to expand their understanding of how these spaces are interconnected. Thematically, the review considers how these publications address and extend three core interests of fandom studies: 1. Digital Platforms and Politics; 2. Identity and Community; and 3. Transcultural Flows.

한국어 교사, 한국어 학습자, 한국인 모어 화자의 단어 연상 의미 관계 비교 연구

Objectives This study investigates the semantic relations of associated words between Korean language teachers, Korean language learners and Korean native speakers through word association test. Methods This word association task was conducted with 3 subject groups. They were given 10 stimulus words which were derived from the novice level in Korean language text books, then they were asked to associate and write 3 associative words to 10 stimulus words. Results This study reveals three important results. First, Korean native speakers’ group showed the most associated words among the 3 groups. Second, Korean language teachers’ group showed the least number of associative words. Third, Korean language learnes’ group and Korean teachers’ group had the the most common associated words. Conclusions The result that Korean teachers’ group showed that least number of assciated words suggests that the diversity of associative words may have emerged due to occupational influences but it also means that the trained teachers focused on the language learners’ proficiency and associated the words which they use in teaching or from textbooks. Second, whereas the associative words of native Koreans are very authentic and various, other two groups’ associative words seemed more focused on the vocabulary in the textbook so they had more associated words in common. Therefore, in order to teach and use the authentic Korean words to foreign Korean language learners, we may utilize the word association test to find and develop more ways to use the authentic words which are frequently used in each field.

Reading Choi Seung-ja’s Poetry as University Liberal Arts Education: Focusing on the Case of University’s 〈Reading poetry〉

This paper studies the case of teaching Korean poetry texts when conducting masterful reading and reading classes in university liberal arts education. It would be near impossible to present an ideal and complete list when creating a reading list for such a course. However, in this paper, it is suggested that Choi Seung-ja's poetry should be placed on any list that deals with those times in life when life itself is neglected, as well as used in liberal arts education classes at universities. In our current age, which is seeing an increase in depression among young people, this paper argues that the theme of death as seen in Choi Seung-ja's poem can actually give hope to its readers, and instill in them a level of resistance to death that will manifest as a will to life.</br>In Choi Seung-ja's poem, death is a tragedy given to us humans, but it tells us how to deal with this tragedy so that we can overcome death. The attitude of the poetic persona is repeated and circulated and strengthened, and readers can adopt the courage needed to stand up to death by reading about the attitude of the poetic persona. In this paper, the significance of character education and poetry reading by learners living in an environment of death after COVID-19, can be confirmed in Choi Seung-ja's poetry learning. Learners find a way to overcome death in a finite life where death is a certainty. This process was confirmed in the ‘Writing Poetry Review’, which was written during the process of learning Choi Seung-ja's poetry. Thus, this paper revealed that Choi Seung-ja's poetry can function as a very efficient text in poetry education.

흑백색의 의미상징

This paper is a study on the meaning symbols of black and white in Korean and Hungarian folk song texts. Starting from the original form of black and white with basic meaning in folksongs, I analyzed the symbolism that contains various expanded meanings. In other words, starting from the conceptual meaning of black and white, we looked for usage cases that spread to thematic, connotative, social, emotional, reflective, and collocational meanings, and classified the various semantic symbols expressed by color words. The classification method was divided into positive and negative meaning symbols depending on whether the color's meaning was positive or negative for the individual or society, and the expanded meaning belonging to each was presented and classified. I wanted to find out whether the black and white colors used in the folk songs of the two countries have common positive and negative meanings, and if specific meaning symbols appear for one people, what the reason is. The direct goal of the study was to understand the universal and general meaning symbols of color, but behind the scenes, it was expected that each nation would have individual and unique meaning symbols. As a result of the study, the original black and white colors were common to both ethnic groups, but the derived meanings had both similarities and differences. It can be inferred that cultural and environmental factors such as the religion, history, and living environment of the two peoples may have had an influence in the background.

A Study on the use of Boosters of International Students’ Persuasive Writing

The purpose of this study is to examine the aspects of boosters in Korean persuasive writing written by international students and to identify how these expressions function in discourse. To achieve this goal, existing domestic and foreign studies were reviewed to establish the conceptual framework, scope, and research criteria for booster expressions to be used in this study. Test writing data, which serve as evidence of international students' internalized linguistic expressions, were collected. The composition data were gathered from 40 international students representing China, Japan, Cambodia, Mongolia, and Kyrgyzstan. The research criteria were categorized into adverbs, adjectives/verbs, nouns, periphrastic constructions, endings, cleft sentences, and others. As a result of the study, we found that international students used boosters in the following order of frequency: ‘adverbs > periphrastic constructions > endings > cleft sentences > nouns,’ and that they preferred a strategy that strongly emphasized their thesis using adverbs and syntactic-level periphrastic constructions. Additionally, this study showed that international students attempted to use hedges in conjunction with boosters to moderate the intensity of their opinions as an active strategy within the text. This study is significant because it addresses boosters—a topic that has not been extensively explored in Korean language education research. Furthermore, it examines the actual inter-language proficiency of international students who are not using texts written by Korean authors or texts in controlled situations.

Two-Stream Network for Korean Natural Language Understanding

This study pioneers a dual-stream network architecture tailored for Korean Natural Language Understanding (NLU), focusing on enhancing comprehension by distinct processing of syntactic and semantic aspects. The hypothesis is that this bifurcation can lead to a more nuanced and accurate understanding of the Korean language, which often presents unique syntactic and semantic challenges not fully addressed by generalized models. The validation of this novel architecture employs the Korean Natural Language Inference (koNLI) and Korean Semantic Textual Similarity (koSTS) datasets. By evaluating the model's performance on these datasets, the study aims to determine its efficacy in accurately parsing and interpreting Korean text's syntactic structure and semantic meaning. Preliminary results from this research are promising. They indicate that the dual-stream approach significantly enhances the model's capability to understand and interpret complex Korean sentences. This improvement is crucial in NLU, especially for language-specific applications. The implications of this study are far-reaching. The methodology and findings could pave the way for more sophisticated NLU applications tailored to the Korean language, such as advanced sentiment analysis, nuanced text summarization, and more effective conversational AI systems. Moreover, this research contributes significantly to the broader field of NLU by underscoring the importance and efficacy of developing language-specific models, moving beyond the one-size-fits-all approach of general language models. Thus, this study is a testament to the potential of specialized approaches in language understanding technologies.

A Korean Sojourning Multilingual Child’s Diary as Translanguaging Spaces

ABSTRACT This qualitative case study delves into the diary entries of Jun, a second-grade Korean-English sojourner in the United States, to understand how his translanguaging practices contribute to his transnational identity formation. Through visual discourse analysis of nearly 100 diary entries that blend Korean and English texts with drawings, the study tracks the evolution of Jun’s bilingual narrative and identity expression. Interviews with Jun and his mother provide deeper insights into his linguistic development and the role of family in shaping his biliteracy. The findings reveal Jun’s strategic use of translanguaging as more than mere translation; it is an active construction of meaning and identity, demonstrating creativity and critical engagement with his environment. Jun’s diary becomes a translanguaging space where he navigates between languages and cultural norms, reflecting his position as a sojourner preparing for eventual reintegration into his homeland. The study emphasizes the significance of supporting sojourning children’s complex literate practices within home literacy environments, suggesting that educational systems should recognize and cultivate these translanguaging spaces for the benefit of multilingual children’s identity development and academic growth.

Research on Automatic Annotation Method of Korean Language under Data Driving and Fusion

Abstract In the quest to streamline Korean text and speech annotation, this research introduces innovative automatic annotation methods that promise to revolutionize efficiency and technical prowess in constructing Korean annotation datasets. By leveraging the sophisticated Seq2Seq architecture with BERT and bidirectional GRU models, we significantly enhance the model’s ability to grasp contextual nuances, ensuring precise text annotations. The speech annotation frontier benefits from a novel amalgamation of the Hidden Markov Model’s forced alignment and semi-supervised learning, perfected with Seneff auditory features for meticulous phonological consonant boundary detection. Empirical validation across diverse datasets showcases our methodology’s superiority, achieving a remarkable 96.01% accuracy in text annotation and setting a new benchmark for phonological boundary detection at a 14.5ms minimum distance threshold. Our approach outperforms traditional algorithms, marking a pivotal step forward in Korean automatic annotation.

A Study of Russia's First 19th Century Textbook of Korean Texts in Linguistic and Cultural Perspective

Traditionally instruction of speech, grammar and reading in Korean has been carried out in separate educational units. Recently learning the Korean language has shifted from merely mastering grammar to focusing on spoken language and the communication skills. This article sheds the light on the need for integrated language learning activities in the Korean language and culture instruction using the 19th textbook Chunhyangjeon by Kim Byeong-ok. This research examines the Korean Texts of Chunhyangjeon – the first textbook introduced in Russia for reading in the medieval Korean language. The main purpose of this study is to better understand how the reading, grammar, and culture aspects of the Korean language were taught in Russia in the 19th century. The analysis revealed the need for integrating the medieval Korean texts into the Korean reading classes. The importance of combining the integrated Korean language instruction with the direct teaching method is also discussed. The author argues for the need to use both the traditional reading learning method and the mixed approach, which includes reading and understanding the writer, the reader, and the cultural context. Finally, this article is trying to provide a rationale for integrating reading and grammar education for higher learning outcomes in developing linguistic abilities and language comprehension.

프랑스어 기술 한국 고전서사 연구

This study aims to investigate the identity of classical Korean narratives in French, and based on this, to explore the possibility of expanding the field of Korean literature research and to refine the research methodology. This study focuses on three classic Korean narrative texts written in French by Seo Young-hae: Autour d’une vie coréenne(1929), Miroir, cause de malheur (1934), and La fille d’un cordonnier (unknown). The last text, in particular, is the first to be introduced in this study and translated that Seo Young-hae has been writing Korean classical narratives in French throughout her stay in France.
 This book, described in French by a Korean native author, has classical narratives as its main object of description. The classical Korean narratives, reinterpreted from Seo’s perspective, represent Korea as he interpreted it, or Korea as he translated it. The pursuit of Korean independence, which was consistent with his stay in France with a clear purpose, and his understanding of the Korean tales based on it, are the fundamental elements that constitute Seo’s rewriting, or translation. Therefore, this paper will examine how Seo interprets and translates Korean classical narratives by focusing on the external and internal relationships surrounding writing. To do so, I will analyze the three texts interactively and examine the adaptation of classical narratives and the linguistic and cultural translation of Korean classical narratives through them. While Seo emphasizes the inheritance of folk traditions and customs, he also emphasizes that it is not simply an inheritance without transformation, and that existing traditions can be reconstructed within an expanding network rather than closedly linked. This is Seo’s interpretation of the classics, tales, and oral tradition, and his hope for a post-modern Korea.

Development of a Text Processing Automation Method for Using Modern Korean-Chinese Mixed Text in General Education

This study aims to develop an automated text processing method for the use of modern Korean-Chinese mixed newspaper materials in liberal arts education. This article describes the process, its results, and additional tasks. In particular, the focus was placed on the batch processing of texts downloaded in large quantities. The problem with the existing computerized and serviced Korean-Chinese mixed texts is that most of the old Korean texts were computerized with PUA codes, which are not currently in Unicode standards. To process or analyze texts in computer language, it is necessary to convert these characters into standard code methods. Based on the standardized data brought in, the work of replacing the old form of words with the current Korean notation was carried out. Finally, in the text, phonological and Korean notation of Chinese characters are added in parentheses. Reviewing the results shows a significant improvement in readability. If you want to use modern Korean and Chinese newspaper materials for liberal arts education, it may be difficult unless a separate feed process is premised. When trying to use modern Korean-Chinese newspaper materials for liberal arts education, it can be difficult due to the problem of notations. Furthermore, this automated form of processing allows instructors to extract articles related to specific topics and to read articles with students that increase their readability. But as things stand, there are limits. For example, if a Chinese character has multiple consonants, there may be cases in which a Chinese character has a reading sound that does not fit the Chinese character word and rather interferes with the reading of it. These should be used for education purposes after correction. In addition, even if it is a Korean-Chinese mixed text and pronunciation is provided here, it is difficult for a student without knowledge of classical Chinese grammar to read that text if a lot of classical Chinese expressions are mixed in. This case ultimately becomes a problem that can be solved by the development of a classical Chinese morpheme analyzer. If progress is made on such things as the construction of the classic Chinese Corpus, it will be of great help in the development of history and liberal arts teaching tools.

체계기능언어학의 주기어 위계 연구

Objectives The purpose of this study is to explicitly show how the hierarchy of periodicity in Korean texts is ana-lyzed based on Systemic Functional Linguistics.
 Methods The hierarchy of periodicity is viewed as having an expanding structure, like the flow of water, which expands into small waves, large waves, and tidal waves. It is explained that when the flow of text expands from clause to paragraph (→ chapter → text), it does not continue in a straight line, but expands like a wave in a circle. Assuming that this hierarchy of periodicity has genre differences, this paper analyzed the text of political news-paper articles related to the ‘Itaewon tragedy’ in written language and the text of parliamentary meeting related to the ‘Itaewon tragedy’ in spoken language.
 Results In terms of the hierarchical structure of the periodical, the newspaper article and the meeting showed different characteristics. The newspaper article (Text-I) was relatively well organized and followed the typical hi-erarchical structure of a periodical. In particular, it showed that it faithfully followed the structure of HyperTheme - (Elaboration) - HyperNew, which is necessary to organize paragraphs (paragraphs). It also followed the structure of MacroTheme - (Paragraph) - MacroNew when organizing units larger than paragraphs. The meeting text, on the other hand, shows a weak hierarchy, as the MacroTheme is sometimes omitted, and when organizing para-graphs, the HyperNew following the HyperTheme is omitted before moving on to the next topic, the MacroTheme.
 Conclusions This paper introduced the concepts of hierarchy of periodic words and serial word expansion of dis-course as two double-headed wagons for studying discourse meaning. I hope this article to be useful for future research on periodicity in Korean texts of various genres, as it demonstrates how to analyze discourse at the para-graph and text level beyond the analysis of ‘clause’ units, and examines the genre differences between them.

2022개정 초등 국어 교과서 개발 방향

Objectives The purpose of this study is to describe the development direction of Korean text ooks according to the 2022 revised Korean language curriculum. Understanding the development direction of new textbooks will help drive changes in Korean language classes in elementary schools.
 Methods Through literature research, Schwab (1973)'s four common elements of development were analyzed in terms of subject, learner, teacher, and environment, and the new textbook's revision focus, unit composition system and development method were presented.
 Results The focus of revision of new textbooks is textbooks that reflect the fixedness and creation of Korean subjects at the subject level, textbooks that strengthen student initiative at the student level, textbooks that guarantee teacher autonomy in operating the curriculum at the teacher level, and language media Hankyung and Hankyung It is a textbook that covers a virtual environment. The structure of 『Korean』 is composed of preparation → sub-unit 1, sub-unit 2 → practice. And 『Korean Activities』 consisted of skill development → self-reading.
 Conclusions Based on these results, the new textbook's revision points and unit composition system were presented. The unit of the new textbook has a unit structure, and the unit structure type is a mixture of goal-centered and text-centered types. in the meantime the unit composition type of Korean textbooks has been goal-centered for about 40 years, from the Korean textbook of the 5th curriculum period in 1987 to the Korean language textbook of the 2015 revised curriculum period. However, in this 2022 revision Korean textbook, the unit composition type has been changed to a mixed type of goal-centered type and text-centered type. changed to a mixed type. This change in unit composition is a big change in the historical aspect of elementary Korean textbooks.

Scaling behavior and text cohesion in Korean texts.

This study examines whether different types of texts, particularly in Korean, can be distinguished by the scaling exponent and degree of text cohesion. We use the controlled growth process model to incorporate the interaction effect into a power-law distribution and estimate the implied parameter explaining the degree of text cohesiveness in a word distribution. We find that the word distributions of Korean languages differ from English regarding the range of scaling exponents. Additionally, different types of Korean texts display similar scaling exponents regardless of their genre. However, the interaction effect is higher for expert reports than for the benchmark novels. The findings suggest a valid framework for explaining the scaling phenomena of word distribution based on microscale interactions. It also suggests that a viable method exists for inferring text genres based on text cohesion.

60韩语政治隐喻的认知类型学解读

Political texts are important discourses for national leaders to express their political opinions and establish a national image, and the transmission of information in political texts requires a variety of linguistic means of expression. The most common rhetorical form of language is a political metaphor. This paper takes the Korean translation of Keywords to Understand China as an example and discusses the translation of political metaphors in combination with the characteristics of political metaphors and related theories of cognitive typology. Through comparative analysis, it can be initially found that (1) Chinese and Korean-related metaphors have both commonality and individuality. In terms of commonality, both Chinese and Korean have common metaphor types such as war and journey, as well as individual metaphor types such as climate and organism. In other words, although people have roughly similar perceptual experiences, which directly generate roughly similar schema structures, due to cognition, language type, sociocultural factors, etc., there are differences in the universality of metaphor mapping, and some metaphors only belong to specific cultures. (2) In the process of translating metaphors, the translators mainly used ‘reserving the equivalent metaphorical images in the language dimension’, ‘presenting the cultural connotation of metaphors in the cultural dimension’, ‘converting the metaphorical images in the source language in the communicative dimension’, etc. different translation strategies. In other words, to better realize the translation of political metaphors with rigor, subjectivity, and standpoint, translators need to adapt to the overall environment of ecological translation, carry out ‘three-dimensional transformations’ in the dimensions of language, culture, and communication, and combine specific Context, and the acceptance of target language readers and other factors, flexible use of translation strategies. This article aims to conduct a preliminary analysis and interpretation of relevant translation strategies based on a preliminary understanding of the similarities and differences between Chinese and Korean political metaphors through the translation of Chinese and Korean political texts and provide some reference for explaining the thinking and behavior patterns of human cognition under different cultural backgrounds.

60韩语政治隐喻的认知类型学解读

Political texts are important discourses for national leaders to express their political opinions and establish a national image, and the transmission of information in political texts requires a variety of linguistic means of expression. The most common rhetorical form of language is a political metaphor. This paper takes the Korean translation of Keywords to Understand China as an example and discusses the translation of political metaphors in combination with the characteristics of political metaphors and related theories of cognitive typology. Through comparative analysis, it can be initially found that (1) Chinese and Korean-related metaphors have both commonality and individuality. In terms of commonality, both Chinese and Korean have common metaphor types such as war and journey, as well as individual metaphor types such as climate and organism. In other words, although people have roughly similar perceptual experiences, which directly generate roughly similar schema structures, due to cognition, language type, sociocultural factors, etc., there are differences in the universality of metaphor mapping, and some metaphors only belong to specific cultures. (2) In the process of translating metaphors, the translators mainly used ‘reserving the equivalent metaphorical images in the language dimension’, ‘presenting the cultural connotation of metaphors in the cultural dimension’, ‘converting the metaphorical images in the source language in the communicative dimension’, etc. different translation strategies. In other words, to better realize the translation of political metaphors with rigor, subjectivity, and standpoint, translators need to adapt to the overall environment of ecological translation, carry out ‘three-dimensional transformations’ in the dimensions of language, culture, and communication, and combine specific Context, and the acceptance of target language readers and other factors, flexible use of translation strategies. This article aims to conduct a preliminary analysis and interpretation of relevant translation strategies based on a preliminary understanding of the similarities and differences between Chinese and Korean political metaphors through the translation of Chinese and Korean political texts and provide some reference for explaining the thinking and behavior patterns of human cognition under different cultural backgrounds.

Pyongyang, the Center of Socialism: North Korea’s Initiative to Translate Korean Texts into Foreign Languages

Pyongyang, the Center of Socialism: North Korea’s Initiative to Translate Korean Texts into Foreign Languages