Korean People Research Articles

„You can’t stop the FUTURE”. Wprowadzenie do badań nad problematyką tożsamości mieszkańców Wysp Japońskich


 
 
 The issue of identity among of the people of Japan is very complex. On the one hand, there is the prevalent and promoted myth of their homogeneous origin and the Japanese culture, while on the other – along with the development of social and cultural sciences – there is a growing awareness of the country’s ethno-cultural diversity. The Japanese are now increasingly facing the question of ethnic stereotypes and the issue of cultural competences of people living in the Japanese Archipelago. This article presents an analysis of identity-building among of the Japanese and two minority groups: ethnic Koreans (zainichi) and children born to mixed couples (hāfu).
 
 

The Lost Heritage of Koryoin: Citizen or Outcast?

The icy winds of the Baltic bite deep into the bones of barely-clothed prisoners of an unnamed war camp. The cold is unbearable in the frigid Prussian hinterlands, the chatter minimal, and everyone is huddling to survive. Amidst the stale air of death and starvation, small clouds of melodic choir powerfully pierce through the hushed chill: “Ari-rang, ar-ri-rang, ara-ri-yo...”1 From the bellies of a group of Koryo Saram, the Korean folk anthem wistfully winds its way through the barbed wires, straining to reach back home. In a curious, seeming oddity, ethnic Koreans, Koryoin, found themselves conscripted from the Far Eastern regions to fight for the Russian Empire thousands of miles away on the Eastern Front of World War I. During a particularly brutal beatdown at the Battle of Tannenberg, a lethal saber thrust into the heart of Russian Northwest forces, 4,000 ethnic Koreans2 were among the 90,000 Russian soldiers taken as prisoners of war. A small minority of these Koryo Saram, or Koryoin, would soon be afforded some warmth at Humboldt University, where German linguist Dr. Wilhelm Albert Döggen studied their language and music.

COVID-19 and changes in content usage behavior: The case of South Korea

This study examines changes in content usage time due to the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea using Korean Media Panel data for the period 2011–2020 and explores the reasons for these changes. This study focuses on four principal contents: television programs, movies/videos/user-created content, traditional telecommunication services, and chatting/messenger/social network services. The empirical results indicate an increase in usage time for the four principal contents, as well as total content usage time because of the pandemic. The results also show that average Korean people stayed longer at home after the onset of the pandemic, leading to an increase in the time spent on all the principal contents, except for traditional telecommunication services, as well as an increase in total content usage time. Furthermore, this study suggests that whereas the effect of the pandemic on television program viewing time was mainly attributable to changes in time spent at home because of the pandemic, the effect on other contents was mainly caused by non-location-related factors. This study predicts changes in content usage time after the end of the pandemic and provides strategic suggestions.

Mask-wearing behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic in Korea: The role of individualism in a collectivistic country

The behavior of the general public is crucial for an effective COVID-19 response. The Republic of Korea has shown better performance in this regard than many other countries worldwide. Based on the theories of individualism and collectivism, this study analyzes how Korean culture and political preferences influence the mask-wearing behavior of people in Korea. We conducted two online surveys after the first wave and in the middle of the third wave of the pandemic in Korea. The results showed only small partisan differences in the level of mask-wearing behavior in Korea. Additionally, regression analysis results demonstrate that, when demographic variables are controlled, concerns of spreading infection and horizontal individualistic tendencies of younger respondents have a significant positive relation to mask-wearing behavior. Meanwhile, horizontal collectivism had a significant positive relationship with older respondents’ mask-wearing behavior, as expected in the collectivistic culture of the Korean people. As a result, horizontal individualism has similar characteristics with horizontal collectivism in Koreans and both have a positive relation to their mask-wearing behavior.

The Husband Here is Exactly the Figure of Augustin. And the wife in this study is Certainly Hyeonhi his wife! (Tcheonzamun 145th-160th)

French missionary Dallet (1874) wrote in his book that both the ancient Chinese people and the ancient Korean people used ‘The thousand character essay’(It is called as ‘Tcheonzamun’ in Korea). Its purpose was to instruct Chinese character for their children (Dallet, 1874). The range of this study was the poem of 16 letters from ‘The thousand character essay ‘, Tcheonzamun 145th-160th. The title of this study is ‘The husband here is exactly the figure of Augustin. And the wife in this study is certainly Hyeonhi his wife!’ < Number in Tcheonzamun Chinese characters (Pronunciation of Korean language in English alphabet) > 145-148 蓋(Kae) 此(Tcha) 身(Sin) 髮(Bal) The wife, do you expect that your husband knows well and he understands your mind (此) sufficiently (蓋)? The wife, do you think that only the time is necessary? When your husband grows well until his beard (髮) grows well over the whole his face (身), does he understand your mind well? No, it is not true! 149-152 四(Sa)-人=口 大(Dae)-人=一 五(Oh) 常(Sang) The wife, do you want to say (口) a thing (一) to your husband? You the wife must always (常) prepare and explain 5 things (五), or you must always repeat a thing five times. Because your husband can not understand well your words! He the husband is less intelligent than you the wife. 153-156 恭(Kong)-心=共 惟(Yu)-心=隹 鞠(Gug) 養(Yang) Do you want to live together (共) with a bird (隹)? When you feed the bird (養), you must treat the animal very roughly (鞠). It is same. When you the wife live together with your husband, you must say to him your husband very roughly! 157-160 豈(Ki) 敢(Gam) 毁(Hwe) 傷(Sang) If you the intelligent wife do not act such a way to your foolish husband, he your husband will treat you badly (毁). And your husband, he will hurt (傷) you the intelligent wife again and again. How (豈) do you endure (敢) such an unhappy life?.

Please Care for Your Health! It is in Korean Language (Mom-eul A-ggyeo-ya-zi-yo!) (Tcheonzamun 145th-160th)

Dallet (1874) wrote in his book that there were the ancient Chinese people and the ancient Korean people who utilized ‘The thousand character essay’ (In Korean language it is Tcheonzamun). Dallet (1874) described that both of the ancient people instructed their children with this book ‘Tcheonzamun’ for teaching the Chinese character. This is the study on the poem of ‘The thousand character essay’, (Tcheonzamun 145th-160th). And the title is ‘Please care for your health! It is in Korean language (Mom-eul A-ggyeo-ya-zi-yo!)’.

Social acceptability of climate-change adaptation policies in South Korea: A contingent valuation method

In this study, the willingness to pay (WTP) of the Korean people for a flood control policy to prepare for climate change and a policy to reinforce the protection of populations vulnerable to climate change was estimated using the contingent valuation method (CVM). In addition, the appropriateness of the budgets allotted by the Korean government for these two policies in 2021 was examined by comparing them with the benefits to the people at the national level. The average annual WTP per household was estimated to be approximately KRW 27,457 and 25,854 for these two policies. The WTP was found to increase with adverse effects caused by extreme weather conditions; as people developed an interest in climate change, their income level increased and hence they showed preferences for policies by the ruling party. In addition, the benefits of the two policies at the national level were estimated to be worth KRW 573.6 and 540.1 billion, respectively. When the benefits were compared with the amount allotted in the budgets for them, the ratio of the budget to the benefit was found to be 77.55% for flood control in preparation for climate change and 4.46% for the reinforced protection of populations vulnerable to climate change. This confirms that the acceptability of the policy by the populations vulnerable to climate change is high, but the budget is not allocated as per the need.

Questing for an earthly sovereign: Adjudication in Korean political theology

ABSTRACT This research attempts to unearth the political nature of Korean liberal theology, yet an adjudicative tradition has not been previously studied. Amidst the turmoil of the constitutional battles of the 1970s, a group of liberal theologians appeared. Cutting through the well-worn claim that the nation was the best conceptual vehicle to deliver the Korean people’s will, they propounded the idea of popular sovereignty. Inaugurating a new public theatre of vigorous polyphonic controversy about the Korean polity, their novel treatment of the true nature of political authority recast the people as a whole as God’s agency through which He fulfilled his unfolding earthly purposes. In the canon of this workmanship model, their juridical recasting of the relation between God and his people gave it a contractarian nature. The renewed legal and normative substances endowed upon the singular sphere of the individual in God’s world set out a theoretical proposition for the nascent Korean notion of democratic representation ultimately. This marked the birth of the Korean political theology. The principle objective of this survey is to enter this now-lost intellectual world and glean how it shaped modern Korean political thought.

Decoding the Sino-North Korean Borderlands

Decoding the Sino-North Korean Borderlands

A STUDY ON THE INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE (ICH) PROCESS AND THE METHOD OF CONSERVATION OF CULTURES IN SOUTH KOREA

Kore, coğrafi konumu nedeniyle Kore Savaşı (1950-1953)’nın gerçekleştiği yıllara kadar çevresindeki yakın ülkelerin sömürgeciliğe varan saldırılarına maruz kalmıştır. Sömürge altında yaşadığı dönemlerde toprağını sömüren ülkenin kültürlerini hatta yaşam biçimlerini kabul etmek zorunda kalmıştır. Örneğin Çin’in etkisi altında kaldığı dönemlerde (M.Ö 109) Kore yarımadası, Çin’in dinini, dilini hatta siyasi düzenini bile benimseyerek yaşamıştır. Yakın tarihte Japon sömürgesi (1910-1945) altında yaşamış olan Kore, bu dönemde Japonya’nın çeşitli baskılarına maruz kalmıştır. Japonya’nın uyguladığı baskılarda amaç Kore halkının, kendi kültürüne karşı yabancılaşması ve Japon kültürünü yaygınlaştırmaktır. Bu nedenle Kore, sömürge dönemlerinde kendi geleneksel kültürlerinin değişime uğrayacağını düşünerek geleneksel soyut kültürlerini korumaya çalışmıştır. Bu amaçla çeşitli kurumların ve eğitim merkezlerinin açılmasına destek vermiştir. Güney Kore Hükümeti, 2005 yılında UNESCO’nun Somut Olmayan Kültürel Miraslar sözleşmesini imzalayarak soyut kültürel varlıklarının yerel ve uluslararası düzeyde bilirliğini arttırmayı amaçlamıştır. Bu makale çalışmasında, Güney Kore Hükümeti’nin somut olmayan kültürel miraslarını korumak için kurduğu kurumlar, her yıl düzenli olarak gerçekleştirdiği festivaller ve programlar ele alınmıştır. Böylelikle Güney Kore Hükümetinin geleneksel somut olmayan kültürlerini nasıl korudukları hakkında genel bir araştırma yapılmıştır.

1866년 제너럴 셔먼호 사건과 영국

This article focused on Britain, which was not covered in previous studies, even though it played a key role in the General Sherman incident in 1866. The reason for paying attention to the UK is due to the following facts thath Meadows and Company, which was a British national trading company that signed a charter contract with the General Sherman, G. Hogarth, a cargo manager with Meadows, and R. Thomas, who was accompanied by him for interpretation, were British. First, Britain planned a friendly approach to Korea with the signing of the Convention of Tientsin(1858). The reason was to get help from the Korean people and the Korean government when their own ships going to and from Tientsin or Chefoo were wrecked off the coast of Korea and to expand the scope of trade to Korea by incorporating it into the treaty system in the long term. However, in 1866, the General Sherman incident occurred. Britain caught the fact that the Meadows and Company and General Sherman had attempted to smuggle weapons against Korea, which was facing French aggression. The treaty system established by Britain in East Asia strictly prohibited arms trafficking. As a result, Britain did not attempt to intervene in the General Sherman incident, although its subjects were killed and their property damaged.

검사의 공익 대표자로서 지위와 공익 대표 직무

This essay aims to review the public service duties and roles of the public prosecutors from the viewpoint of criminal justice reform, esp. of the reform of public prosecutors as state power institutions which has had enormous impact on the South Korean politics and people’s life.
 According to the Articel 4 of the Prosecutor’s Office Act, each prosecutor shall have the duties and authority falling under any of the following subparagraphs as a representative of public interests: ➀ Matters necessary for investigating crimes and instituting and maintaining public prosecution: Provided, That the scope of crimes for which a prosecutor may commence an investigation shall be significant crimes prescribed by Presidential Decree, such as corruption crimes and economic crimes, Crimes committed by police officers; ➁ Direction for and supervision of special judicial police officers with respect to the investigation of crimes; ➂ Requests for appropriate application of statutes or regulations to a court; ➃ Direction for and supervision of the execution of judgments; ➄Proceedings with litigation or administrative litigation to which the State is a party or a participant, or direction for or supervision of such proceedings; ➅ Matters which fall under the authority of prosecutors under other statutes or regulations. In performing his or her duties, each prosecutor as a civil servant of all citizens shall protect the human rights of citizens, observe due process, and maintain political neutrality, and shall not abuse any authority vested in him or her, in accordance with the Constitution and statutes.
 For the progress of the criminal justice reform, focused on the reform of public prosecutors should make both status of representative of public interests and civil servant of all citizens in mind. The 2021 case of ‘public interest task force’ at DAEGU District Public prosecutors’ Office can be recommended as one of the best practice of the reform policy.

총설] 한국 근·현대사를 바라보는 세밀한 시선과 담론의 좌표

In this issue of Journal of History , modern and contemporary Korean history research trends published in 2020-2021 were reviewed. During this period, researches on Korean history covering the modern and contemporary period increased quantitatively by 11.5% of papers and 24.8% of books compared to the previous two years. The keywords of the research trends for each period focused on Complex space-time, colonial society, and resisting subjects of modern society. Among them, I pointed out the mass-production of personal biographies of the King Gojong period, criticism on the March 1 Revolution theory, the origins of modern social science, and the current state of oral research on the victims of the Korean War.BR Regarding historiographic discourses, criticism of the modern long-term continuity theory in Korea and new issues on the division between North and South Korea were reviewed. Here, I pointed out that the conflict between landlords and farmers in the late Joseon Dynasty and the task of modern land reform should be included. In addition, I argued that the provision of an alternative system for the division of North and South Korea and understanding of the separation of the Korean people should be regarded as “today’s problems.” In the conclusion, I emphasized the responsibility of historians to recognize the problems of digital history concerning the outlook of history and to set the coordinates of discourse in advance for the establishment of a significant discourse in human history.

Extended Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System Face-Lift With Vertical Vector for Asian Patients: A 3-Dimensional Analysis of Facial Contour.

In this study, the authors report the experience of extended superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) face-lift with the vertical vector in Asian ethnicity and investigate the 3-dimensional change of facial contour. A total of 32 patients with Korean ethnicity underwent extended SMAS face-lift with vertical vector from 2015 to 2018. Patients with aging face were included for the study subjects, whereas those who were diagnosed with any craniofacial deformity were excluded. Using 3-dimensional photogrammetry, surface contour analysis was performed in the cheek region to calculate the mean, maximal, and minimal difference of surface projection and global root mean square error between the preoperative and 1-year postoperative period. The change of horizontal facial widths and jawline angle was evaluated. In contour analysis, the mean difference of surface contour was highest in anterior, followed by lateral cheek and lower face, sequentially. The maximal difference of surface contour was highest in anterior cheek, followed by lateral cheek and lower face, whereas the minimal difference of surface contour was lowest in lower face, followed by anterior cheek and lateral cheek, sequentially. No significant differences in the midfacial and lower facial distances were observed between the preoperative and postoperative periods. There was significant increase of jawline angle, from 20.78 to 23.14 degree of mean value ( P =0.001). In conclusion, the extended SMAS face-lift with vertical vector can be an optimal option for Asian subjects in terms of the midfacial volumetric shift, sharpening of jawline and avoidance of midfacial widening.

Factors Influencing Preventive Behavior of COVID-19 among Nursing Students in South Korea.

We aimed to identify factors influencing the preventive behavior of COVID-19 among nursing students. A survey was conducted through an online questionnaire in December 2021 for students in the department of nursing at a university located in C city. An online questionnaire was distributed to 189 nursing students who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study, and data from 179 of them were used for the final analysis. The research tools used were COVID-19 stress scale for Korean people, COVID-19 risk-perception scale, self-efficacy scale, and COVID-19 prevention behavior scale. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, analysis of variance, Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis test, as well as Spearman correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression with SPSS 23.0 program. Factors significantly influencing the preventive behavior of COVID-19 were self-efficacy (β = 0.53, p < 0.001) and COVID-19 stress (β = 0.25, p = 0.001). The explanatory power of related variables was 45.0%. We found that self-efficacy and COVID-19 stress had a significant effect on the preventive behavior of nursing students. Therefore, to promote the preventive behavior of COVID-19, it is necessary to improve the self-efficacy of nursing students and manage COVID-19 stress well.

Analysis of correlation between the consumption of beverages and the risk of radiographic knee osteoarthritis in Korean people: A cross-sectional study using the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V-1, 2).

The purposes were to analyze correlations between the frequency of beverage drinking (coffee, green tea, milk, and soft drinks) and the presence of radiographic knee osteoarthritis (OA) in relation to sex. We performed this study using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KHANES V-1, 2). We examined data from 5503 subjects after exclusion. We utilized the food frequency questionnaires from KHANES, and reorganized them into 2 or 3 groups according to the frequency of beverage consumption. We analyzed the relationship between radiographic knee OA and beverage consumption statistically after adjusting confounding factors with multivariable logistic regression analysis. Knee OA was inversely associated with coffee consumption only in women (P < .05). The odds ratio of knee OA was lower in those who drank at least a cup of coffee than in those who did not drink coffee in women (P for trend < .05). However, there was no significant linear trend of the odds ratio of each group in both sexes for drinking other beverages. As the coffee consumption increased, the radiographic knee OA group showed decreasing linear trend only in women. However, other beverages did not show a significant relation to the radiographic knee OA in both sexes.

Emergent multilingual learners’ meaning negotiation and knowledge building through translingual writing practices in South Korea

ABSTRACT This article reports findings from a three-year qualitative study that explored the nature of translingual writing practices of the emergent multilingual youth who are ethnic Korean migrant children from Central Asia and Russia to South Korea. While settling into a new society, these emergent multilingual children tend to navigate and negotiate multiple languages, literacies, and identities. As a researcher and former teacher of Russian-speaking ethnic Korean migrant children in Korea, I became interested in examining how and why they engaged in translingual writing practices beyond school walls (referring to the capabilities and the processes of translingual language learners’ appreciation, negotiation, and evaluation of multiple semiotic resources). Drawing upon ‘translingualism’ , this study gathered and analysed the data from multiple sources (i.e. observations, interviews, fieldnotes, and artefacts). The findings demonstrate the emergent multilingual youth’s agentive engagement in translingual writing practices for differing purposes such as meaningful interaction, language development, and academic success. This study suggests that the dynamic and spontaneous use of multiple semiotic resources is the key to the emerging multilingual children’s everyday communicative and literate lives as well as in the process of multilingual language development.

빅데이터를 활용한 MBTI에 대한 한국 사회의 인식

Objectives This study was conducted to find out the main issues and meanings of Korean people's MBTI because two years after the first MBTI test became an issue using big data, and it shows more than just a psychological test.&#x0D; Methods Using the web crawler function, “MBTI” was collected from February to March 2022, and “Personality Type Test” was collected around ‘Naver news’ articles collected from November 2021 to March 2022, and language network analysis was conducted using a total of 3,910 keywords excluding disused words.&#x0D; Results First, the terminal frequency analysis showed that the top key keywords associated with MBTI were certification, education, symptoms, Yu Jae-seok, results, disorders, overcoming, study, counseling, depression, disposition, Korea, lecture, implementation, and operation. Second, as a result of analyzing the topic modeling based on the Latent Dirichlet Allocation(LDA), the four major topics were ‘related counseling programs’, which showed the types of counseling programs operated in relation to the actual MBTI. ‘Actual treatment and utilization plan as a professional’ appeared to be used in the actual treatment process as an expert as the youth appeared in high frequency. The MBTI Expert Course was not a formal psychological test in the broadcast, so it was interested in the official license MBTI inspection of the Korea MBTI Institute. ‘Celebrity and Issue’ appeared as an issue related to entertainers as MBTI received people's attention.&#x0D; Conclusions This study examined the overall perception of Korean people's MBTI and discussed the implications and significance of the study using it.

Searching for New Human Behavior Model in the Climate Change Age: Analyzing the Impact of Risk Perception and Government Factors on Intention-Action Consistency in Particulate Matter Mitigation.

This study aims to analyze factors influencing citizens’ intentions to take protective action against particulate matter (PM) and their actual actions in response to PM. There were few research on the role of government factors and the issue of intention–action inconsistency in the context of PM mitigation action. Therefore, this study set not only variables in the risk perception paradigm but also ones in government factors as independent variables, while intention and action in response to PM were set as dependent variables. This study’s analysis was based on survey data collected from Korean people. For representativeness of the samples, this study adopted the quota sampling method, considering region, gender, and age. Five hundred respondents finished the survey. To verify the hypotheses, this study used regression and binomial logistic analysis. Analysis showed that (1) negative emotions, trust, knowledge, government competency, policy satisfaction, and policy awareness had significant effects on intention and action in response to PM, and (2) perceived benefits only affected intention, whereas government accountability only affected action. Logistic analysis showed that there were groups in which intentions and actions did not match. Negative emotions and government competence induce intention–action consistency, whereas the perceived benefits and trust in government tend to encourage inconsistency. Knowledge is a variable that induces both consistency and inconsistency in the intention–action relationship. The determinant structures of independent variables affecting the likelihood of belonging to the four groups differed.

Current status and development potential of scalp healthcare in the COVID-19 blue era: A critical review focused on Republic of Korea.

AimsThe purpose of this paper was to review the literature focusing on the scalp health of the Korean people in the COVID‐19 Blue era and the possibility of significant development as an academicMethodsThis review paper is a literature review, and the method is a narrative review.ResultsIt was found that the higher the awareness of hair loss, the better the scalp and hair management behavior. South Korea needs to develop systematic customized management methods, scalp programs and products due to the development of the COVID‐19 era and the development of the 4th industry.ConclusionSouth Korea still needs dto improve the expertise of tricolologists and national social security insurance and research along with the growth of the beauty and healthcare service industry in the COVID‐19 Blue era.